Capital Cities/Les Capitales: International Perspectives/Perspectives Internationales

435 Pages·1993·21.93 MB·English

by  John Taylor, Jean G. Lengellé, Caroline Andrew

CAPITAL CITIES
LES CAPITALES
PERSPECTIVES
INTERNATIONALES
INTERNATIONAL
PERSPECTIVES
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CAPITAL CITIES
LES CAPITALES
PERSPECTIVES
INTERNATIONALES
INTERNATIONAL
PERSPECTIVES
EDITED BY
JOHN TAYLOR, JEAN G. LENGELLE, and CAROLINE ANDREW
Carleton University Press
Ottawa
1993
© Carleton University Press, Inc. 1993
Printed and bound in Canada
Carleton General List
CANADIAN CATALOGUING IN PUBLICATION DATA
Main entry under title:
Capital cities: international perspectives = Les capitales : perspectives
internationales
Text in English and French.
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 0-88629-178-X (bound) - 0-88629-179-8 (pbk.)
1. Capitals (Cities). I. Taylor, John H., 1939- II. Lengellé, Jean G.
III. Andrew, Caroline, 1942- IV. Title: Les capitales.
G140.C261993 711'.45 C93-090189-4E
DONNÉES DE CATALOGAGE AVANT PUBLICATION (CANADA)
Vedette principale au titre:
Capital cities: international perspectives = Les capitales : perspectives
internationales
Text en anglais et en français.
Comprend des références bibliographiques.
ISBN 0-88629-178-X (rel.) - 0-88629-179-8 (br.)
1. Capitales (Cities). I. Taylor, John H., 1939- II. Lengellé, Jean G.
III. Andrew, Caroline, 1942- IV. Titre: Les capitales.
G140.C261993 711'.45 C93-090189-4F
Cover : Y Graphie Design
Layout/Production: Xpressive Designs, Ottawa
Typeset in 10.5/13 ITC Clearface
Acknowledgements
Carleton University Press gratefully acknowledges the support extended to its
publishing programme by Canada Council and the Ontario Arts Council.
The Press would also like to thank the Department of Communications, Govern-
ment of Canada, and the Government of Ontario through the Ministry of Culture,
Tourism and Recreation, for their assistance.
This book has been published with the help of a grant from the National Capital
Commission.
Ce livre a été publié avec Paide d'une subvention de la Commission de la Capitale
Nationale.
CONTENTS
Introduction ix
ï
WHAT is A CAPITAL CITY?/
QU'EST-CE QU'UNE CAPITALE?
John Meisel (Sir Edward Peacock Professor of Political Science, Queen's
University)
Capital Cities: What is a Capital? 3
Claude Raffestin (Sciences économiques et sociales, Université de Genève)
Une capitale est-elle l'expression d'une sémiosphère
nationale ou le lieu de mise en scène du pouvoir? 7
Amos Rapoport (Distinguished Professor of Architecture, University of
Wisconsin—Milwaukee)
On the Nature of Capitals and their
Physical Expression 31
Peter Hall (Institute of Urban and Regional Development, University of
California, Berkeley)
The Changing Role of Capital Cities: Six Types
of Capital City 69
Beth Moore Milroy (Urban and Regional Planning, University of Waterloo)
Commentary: What is a Capital? 85
il
ROLES ET ACTIVITÉS DES CAPITALES/
THE ROLES AND ACTIVITIES OF CAPITAL CITIES
Louise Quesnel (Science politique, Université Laval)
Rôles et activités des capitales 95
vi CAPITAL CITIES
Jorge E. Hardoy (Instituto Internacional de Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo,
IIED—America Latina)
Ancient Capital Cities and New Capital Cities of
Latín America 99
Francis Delpérée (Faculté de droit, Université de Louvain)
Le Statut des capitales européennes 129
Donald C. Rowat (Political Science, Carleton University)
Ways of Governing Federal Capitals 149
Lilia Labidi (Maître de conférence, L'Université de Tunis)
La Circulation des femmes musulmanes dans l'espace
public et politique formel : le rôle « capitale » de Tunis 173
Maureen Covell (Political Science, Simon Fraser University)
Commentary: The Role and Activities of Capital Cities 189
III
CAPITALS: SYMBOLISM AND THE BUILT
ENVIRONMENT/
CAPITALES : SYMBOLISME ET CADRE BÂTI
Anthony Sutcliffe (Economie and Social History, University of Leicester)
Capital Cities: Does Form Follow Values? 195
Milton C. Cummings, Jr., and Matthew C. Price
(Political Science, The Johns Hopkins University)
The Creation of Washington, DC: Political Symbolism
and Practical Problem Solving in the Establishment
of a Capital City for the United States of America,
1787-1850 213
Anthony D. King (Art History and Sociology, State University of New
York at Binghamton)
Cultural Hegemony and Capital Cities 251
Gilles Paquet (Faculté d'Administration, Université d'Ottawa)
Commentary: Capital Cities as Symbolic Resources 271
CONTENTS vu
IV
CAPITALES DE L'AVENIR/
CAPITAL CITIES IN THE FUTURE
Anne Buttimer (Geography, University College Dublin)
Capitales de l'avenir 289
Theodor Hanf (Arnold Bergstraesser Institut, Freiburg University)
Berlin or Bonn? The Dispute over Germany's
Political Centre 295
José Vandevoorde (Institut d'Urbanisme et d'Aménagement du
Territoire, Université Libre de Bruxelles)
Capitale-ville, Ville-capitale, une approche
holistique 317
Gabriel Kwami Nyassogbo (Géographie, Université du Bénin)
Comment une capitale devient macrocéphale en
Afrique subsaharienne : le cas de Lomé au Togo
(Afrique de l'ouest) 325
Paul Drewe (Faculty of Architecture, Delft University of Technology)
Capital Cities in Europe: Directions for the Future 343
David A. Johnson (Planning, University of Tennessee, Knoxville)
World City/Capital City: New York in the Changing
Global System 377
Alain Gagnon (Science politique, UniversitéMcGill)
Commentaire: capitales de l'avenir 399
V
AVENUES FOR RESEARCH/
DIRECTIONS DE RECHERCHE
Paul-André Linteau (Histoire, Université du Québec à Montréal)
Directions de recherche: Introduction 405
/. A. Laponce (Political Science, University of British Columbia)
Ottawa, Christaller, Horowitz and Parsons 407
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INTRODUCTION
The papers and the commentary in this collection are a product of an
I international colloquium entitled "Capital Cities: How to Ensure their
Effective and Harmonious Development," which was held in Ottawa,
Canada, December 6 to 8,1990.
The written volume unfolds as the conference did, and, like it, can be
considered in five parts:
I. What Is a Capital City?
II. The Roles and Activities of Capital Cities
III. Capitals: Symbolism and the Built Environment
IV. Capitals for the Future
V. Avenues for Research
The reader is, however, invited to enter the volume through the door
of greatest interest, as the papers and much of the commentary will stand
alone, despite the rationale the organizers placed upon it.
In many respects, the colloquium was initiated and was an effort to
address the last item on the program, "Avenues for Research," not just in
the final session, but throughout the event. The program reveals some of
the research concerns—realistic or not—of the organizers. It thus seems
only normal to ask, Who were the organizers?
The organizers and sponsors were two. First was the National Capital
Commission (NCC), charged by the federal government with the planning
and development of the National Capital Region, an area over which it has
practical influence by right of eminent domain of the senior government,
but no de jure control under the Canadian constitution. In recent years,
its avenues of influence have altered quite dramatically, shifting from an
emphasis on the tangible or "built" capital to an emphasis on its intangi-
ble qualities. And the shift has been made in a context—both national and
international—that seems to be demanding some modification of the
nation-state. The NCC lacked an autonomous research arm that might be
used in such a theatre of change.
The second major organizer was "Canada's Capital Tri-University
Study Group," representing the three universities in the capital region:
the Université du Québec à Hull; the University of Ottawa; and Carleton