Buildings Across Time An Introduction to World Architecture

608 Pages·2004·123.448 MB·English

by  Marian Moffett, Michael W. Fazio, Lawrence Wodehouse

BUILDINGS
.A CROSTSI ME
AN INTRODUCTION
TO WORLD
ARCHITECTURE

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ISBN0 -7674-0511-0
LibraorfyC ongresCsa taloging-in-PubDlaitcaa tion
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Buildinagcsr otssi me: ani ntroducttoiw oonr ladr chitecture.
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ISBN0 -7674-0511-0
1.A rchitectuHries-torIy..F azioM,i chaelI.IT .i tle.
NA200.W642 004
720'9- dc21 2003044458
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1998.
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CONTENTS
PREFACE x CHAPTER3
THE ARCHITECTUROEF ANCIENTI NDIA
MAPS xi-xvi AND SOUTHEASTA SIA 67
ReligoifIo nndsi6 9a
EarBluyd dhSihsrti n7e0 s
INTRODUCTION EssaBya:m iyaann dt hCeo losBsuadld ha7 4
TheSp reoafBd u ddhIinsftl ue75n ce
AW oradb oDurta wianngds Ima5 ges Hindum pTlee7s6
EarBluyi ldi76n gs
LatTeerm pl7e7s
AngkWoart
83
CHAPTER1
THE BEGINNINGSO F ARCHITECTURE 9
PrehiSsettotrliecam neMdne tgsa lCiotnhs truc9 tionCHsA PTER4
EasteErunr ope9 TRADITIONAALR CHITECTUREOF CHINA
WesterEnu rop10e AND JAPAN 87
AnciMeensto pota14m ia
SumerAikaknasd,ai naNdne so,- Sume1r5i ans ChinAersceh itePcrtiunrcai9lp0 les
BaboynliaHnist,ta intAdes ss,y ri1a8 ns PrincoifCp iltPeyls a nn9i3n g
Neo-BabyalndoP nerisaiann2ss0 Houseas nGda rde9n6s
AnciEegnytp 2t2 EssaEyl:d eBrr other R9o7 ch
Essa"yH:y drauCliivci"l izat2i3o ns JapaTnemepselA er chite9c9 ture
TheE arDlyyn asPteircai noOddl Kdi ngdom 24 99
BuddhiTsetm ples
ThFei rsPtyr ami2d4s ShintSoh rin10e2s
Fourth-DynaPsytrya midastG i za 27 JapanCeisteiHe osu,s esC,a satnl1de0 3s
TheM iddKlien gdo30m
ThNee wK ingdo31m ZenB uddhAirscth itKecattusru1er07:a
CHAPTER5
CHAPTER2
THE ROMAN WORLD 111
THE GREEKW ORLD 39
EtrusIcmapinrn t1s1 1
TheM inoa3n9s
TheMy cneaean42s RomaAnr chite1c1t3 ure
Mycneae4 2 BuilTdecihnngi qauneMdsa teri11a4l s
GreeTcheAe:r cahiPce ri4o d7 CitPyl anni11n6g
GreeTcheeC: l assPiecrailo5 d0 EssaTyh:e E ngineeMriignhgot f t hReo mans1 22
TheP arthAetnhoenn5,1s Temple1s2 3
OthBeuri ldointn hgAesc rpooli53s PublBiucin lgdsi1 26
EssaCye:l ebraAttihnegn Bai'rst hda5y4 Basil1i2c6 as
GreeTcheeH: e llePneirsit5oi7dc PubBlaitch 1s27
GreekP lCaintny6i 0n g TheaatneAmrdps hitherast 1e29
ThAet henAigaonr6 a0 Reside1n3c2e s
HelleniCstiitc i6e2 s UrbaHonu sing1 32
RurVailll as UarnbdaP anl ace1s3 5
v
CHAPTER6 CHAPTER9
EARLYC HRISTIANA ND BYZANTINE GOTHICA RCHITECTURE 229
ARCHITECTURE 141
EarGloyt hi2c30
EarClhyr isBtaisainl 1i4c2a s TheA bbeyC hurcoh fSt D.e nis 230
232
MartyBraipat,i satneMdra iuesso,l1 e4a3 EarlGyo thiCca thedrals
146 HigGho thi2c36
EssaEyu:s ebianudsC onstantine
ByznatiBnaes ialniDdco amse Bda sil1i4c8a s Chartraensd B ourges2 37
241
CentrPallalnyBn yezndat iCnheu rch1e5s2 Beauvaainsd S teC.h apelle
ByznatiCnheu rcihnRe uss s1i5a5 EnglGiosthh i2c4 5
246
Essay:W ooClh urch
MasonrCyh urches1 55 A 247
159 EarlEyn glish
WoodenC hurches
250
Decorataendd P erpendicular
GermaannId t alGioatnh i2c5 5
255
GermanH alClh urches
CHAPTER7 ItaliGaont hiVca riatio2ns5 7
ISLAMICA RCHITECTURE 165 MedeivaClo nstru2c6t2i on
MedieHvoaulsa ensCd a stl2e6s3
EarSlhyr iannePdsa lac1e6s5 263
Housing
Developomfte hnMeto squ1e6 9 Castle2s6 5
ReogniaVlar iatiinMo onssq Duees ig1n7 0 MedieCviatli2 e6s8
ColumnaHr alDels igns1 70
JwanD esig1n7s2
17
CourtyaDreds igns 4
179 CHAPTER1 0
PaviliDoens igns
Domed PrayeHra lDle signs1 80 INDIGENOUSA RCHITECTURIEN THE
HousePsa,l aacneUdsr ,b aPant te1r8n4s PRE-COLUMBIANA MERICAS 275
Triboefts hG er eat aPnltdah iGenr seL aatk e2s7 5
Triboefts hN eo rthe2a7s6t
CHAPTER8 Triboefts hM ei ssisRisviBeparps ii2 n7 7
EARLY MEDIEVAANLD ROMANESQUE EssaTyh:e B irthpolfat cheeC hoctaw2s7 8
ARCHITECTURE 191 Arcatnidc Subarc2t7i9c Tribes
Triboefts hN eo rthawneNsdot r thCearlonir fni2a8 0
CaroliAnrgcihaint e1c9t1u re Trbieosft hSeo uthw2e8s1t
192
TheR evivoaflM asonrCyo nstruction MexiCceon,t Armaelr iacnaSd,o uAtmhe ri2c8a3
195
Monasteries 283
TheO lmecosf t heE asteMrenx icaCno ast
Anglo-aSnaVdxio kniAr ncgh itec1t9u8r e Teotihuaciintnh eV alloefyM exico2 83
198
EngliCshhu rches
199 TheZ apoteacnsd M ixteactsM onteA lbanO,a xaca2 85
NorwegiSatna vCeh urches 286
TheM aya
EarRloym aneAsrqcuhei te2c0t2u re 287
Tikal
RomaneAsrqcuhei toeftc hteur HeR oolmyaE nm pire 288
Copana ndP alenque
205 Uxmala ndC hichen-lt2z8a9
PilgrRiomaadg2se1 0 TheT olteicnst heV alleoyfM exico2 91
TheO rdoefrC lun2y1 3 TheA ztecastT eonchti2t9l2a n
EssaThye: M ystMiicl flr omW zelay2 15 TheI ncaisn th eA ndes 292
AquitaaniPdnr eo ven2c1e7
CisteMrocnaisatne r2i2e1s
NormAarnc hite2c2t4u re
CONTENTS
vi
CHAPTER1 1 CHAPTER1 2
RENAISSANCAER CHITECTURE 295 BAROQUE ARCHITECTURE 353
296 353
FilipBprou nelleschi TheR eformatainodnC ounter-Reformation
296 353
FlorenCcaet hedral IIG esuR,o me
299 355
OtheFrl orentBiuniel dings PopeS ixtVu sa ndt heR eplannionfRg o me
302 357
MichelozBzaor tolomaenodt heP alazMzeod ici St. Peter's
303 358
LeonB attiAsltbae rti GianloreBnezron ini
303 358
Writings TheC ompletioofSn t P.e ter's
305
TheP alazRzuoc ellFalio.r ence S.An dreaa tQ uirinaRloem,e 361
305 362
Churchiens RimainndiM antua FrancesBcoor romini
Resolu3t0i7o ns 362
EssaPyi:u s's S.C arlaoi lQeu attFroon tanReo,m e
308 363
TheI deaCli ty S.I vod ellSaa pienza
308 365
OtheRre nasisancCei tPyl ans UrbanO penS paceisnB aroquReo me
310 365
TheS preaodft heR enaissance TheP iazzNaav ona
310 367
Urbino Essy:P iazza
a NavonS3a6p-8af AcoS erp ectacle
Milan3 11 TheP iazdzeal P opolo
312
Moscow TheS preaodfB aroquAer chitecttouN roer thern Italy
313 370
LeonardDoa Vinci
314 370
DonatoB ramante GuarinGou arini
316 372
TheT empietRtoom,e BernarVdiot tone
317 372
StP.e terR'osm,e FilipJpuov arra
373
TheB elvedCeoruer tyaarnddt heH ouseo fR aphael, TheB aroquien CentEruarlo pe
318 376
Rome DieW iesB,a varia
319 381
TheL atRee naissaMnacnen,e rism TheB aroquienF rance
320 381
TheV ilMlaad amaR,o me The LouvParrei,s
321 382
TheU ffiFzlio,r ence Fran<;oMiasn sart
322 384
TheP alazdzeolT e,M antua TheC hateaoufxV aux-le-ViacnodmV teer sailles
323 387
Michelangelo Jules-HardMoaunisna rt
323 388
S.L orenzFol,o rence Christopher aWnrdte hne BaroiqnuE en gland
325 389
TheC ampidoglRioom,e The CiCthyu rches
326 390
TheP alazFzaorn esReo,m e StP.a ul's
326 392
StP.e terR'osm,e Housinignt heM anneorf W ren
328
PortPai aR,o me Nicholas HawksSmioJroo rh,nV anbrugahn,d J ames
SforzCah apeRlo,m e 329 Gibbs 393
330
AndrePaa lladia
331
BuildiinngV si cenza
331
VillDaes iginnst heV eneto
335 CHAPTER1 3
ChurchiensV enice
336
TheT eatrOol impico THE EIGHTEENTHC ENTURY 397
336
PalladiVae'nsi ce
398
338 TheE ngliNseho -Palladians
GardeDne sign
BobolGia rdenFsl,o renc3e4 0 TheR eturtnoA ntiquit4y0 0
TheR enaissainncF er ance3 41 EssaPyira: esi's 401
n VioeRfwo me 402
Chateaiunxt heL oirVea lle3y4 1 RoberAtd ama ndW illiaCmh ambers
343 405
SebastiSaenral io Pahnidl ibdeerl t' Orme Etienne-LBoouuilsl aened C laude-NicLoeldaosu x
344
TheL ouvrteh,eF rencPhl acaen dH otePla,r is FrencAhr chiteacntdts h eA ggrandizemoeftn hte S tate
346 409
TheR enaissainncE en gland
347
ElizabetChoaunn trHyou ses FrencAhr chitectural Eadnudct ahteEi coonld ee s
InigJoo nes3 49 Beaux-Ar4ts1 3
413
TheC hallenogfte h eI ndustrRieavlo lution
415
Romanticiasnmdt heP icturesque
416
TheR omantiLca ndscape
417
PicturesBquuiel dings
CONTENTS vii
CHAPTER1 4 CHAPTER1 5
NINETEENTH-CENTURY THE TWENTIETHC ENTURY
DEVELOPMENTS 419 AND MODERNISM 475
Neo-lCassicis4m2 0 The Idoefaa ModernA rchitectu4r7e5
KarFlr iedrSicchhi nke4l2 0 TheW aro fW ords 475
SiJro hnS oane 423 AdolfLoos4 77
BenjamiHne nryL atroabne dT homasJ effers4o2n4 Ornameanntd C rime4 7 7
TheG othiRce viva4l2 9 TheR aumplaann dL oos'Bsu ilding4s7 8
A.W.NP.u gin4 29 FranLkl oyWd right4 80
The EcclesioMloovgeimceanlti nE nglanadn dA merica DevelopitnhgeP rairHioeu se 480
430 EarlPyu blic Build4i8n4g s
Eugene-EmmanVuieoll let-le4-3D1uc TheF ligfhrto mA merica4 86
TheE coldee sB eaux-Art4s3 2 PeteBre hrenasn dt heD eutschWeerr kbund 487
RicharMdo rriHsu nt and Wtohrel d'Cso lumbian
Futurisamn dC onstructivi4s8m8
Expositio4n3 3 Dutcha ndG ermanE xpressioni4s9m 0
McKim,M ead,a ndW hite 434
ArtD eco 495
ProgreisnsI ronF abricati4on3 7 De Stijl5 01
IroBnr idge4s3 7
ExploittihnegP otentoiafCl o ncrete5 03
DevelopmenitnSs t eel4 38
TonyG arniearn dt heI ndustrCiiatly 506
EssaTyh:e C oming thRea ilro4a3d9
of LeC orbusie5r 08
ArchitectAuprpalli catioofn sI raonnd S teeClo nstruction
TheD om-inaon dC itroh!-laonu ses5 08
440
TheV illSat eiann dt heV illa Sav5o0y9e
JosepPha xton4 41
TheC itUen iversitaanidLr eeC orbusie"rF'isvP eo ints"
HenrLia broust4e4 2
511
GustavEeif fe4l4 4
WalteGrr opius5 11
TheF irSskty scrape4r4s5
Skeletal ConstirnuC cotnicorne atned W ood 448 BuildiDnegs igns5 11
TheB auhauisn W eimara ndD essau5 12
TheA rtasn dC raftMso vement 448
EssayR:u ssiPaani ntaettr h e Bauh5a1u3s
JohnR uskin4 48 LudwiMgAi esv and erR ohe 515
WilliaMmo rris4 49
TheB arceloPnaav iliaonndt heT ugendhaHto use 516
RicharNdo rmanS hawC,. F.VAo.y seayn,d H erman
TheW eissenhSoife dluanngd t heI nternatiSotnyalle
Muthesiu4s5 0
518
ArtN ouveau 452
LateWro rko fM iesv and erR ohe 520
VictoHro rtaan dH ectoGru imard 453
Plannianngd B uildiantgI .I.T5.2 1
AntoniGoa udi 454
CharlReesn niMea cl<into4s5h7 LateWro rko fF ranLkl oyWd right5 23
TheV iennese Seces4si6o0n BroadacCriet y 523
TheS earcfho ra nA mericaSnt yle4 62 Fallingwa5te2r3
TheJ ohnsoWna xC ompany 525
HenryH obsonR ichardso4n6 2
TheG uggenheiMmu seuma ndT aliesWiens t 526
LouiHse nrSiu lliva4n6 7
LateWro rk oLfe C orbusie5r 28
Ronchampa ndS te-Marie-de-la-T5o2u9r ette
Chandigar5h3 0
TheD eclinoefM odernism5 31
CONTENTS
viii
CHAPTER1 6
MODERNISMS IN THE MID-AND LATE
TWENTIETHC ENTURY 533
A1vAaarl t5o3 3
EerSoa ari5n3e7n
LouIiK.sa hn5 38
RobeVrentt urRia'dsiC coauln ter-PtroMo opdoesranli sm
541
IntellIencstpuiarflao tPrio osnt-sM ode5rn4i3s m
PhiJloihpn s5o4n4
CharMloeosr e 545
MichGarealv e5s4 7
RobeAr.tMS .t er5n4 9
RichMaeride 5r5 0
TheE xlpoitaotfTie hocnnoo glbyy J amSetsi ralnidn g
Other5s5 1
Deconstr5u5ct7i on
PetEeirs enm5a5n7
EssaMy.:C .E schaenrd t hPea radoxSitcaailr coafs es
Post-Moderni55s8m
FraGnekh r5y 60
Glenn Mu5r6c3u tt
GLOSSARY 568
BIBLIOGRAPH5Y7 2
PICTURCER EDITS5 76
INDEX 577
CONTENTS ix