Table Of Content....
BreakiFnrge e
TheT ransforPtnoawteirv e
ofC ritPiecdaalg ogy
Editbeyd
PEPIL EISTYNA ARLIEW OODRUM STEPHEAN. S HERBLOM
• •
HarvaErddu catiRoenvaile• wR eprSienrti Neos2.7
BreakiFnrge e
TheT ransofrmatiPvowee r
ofC ritilcP aedago·g y
Editbeyd
PEPIL EISTYNA
ARLIEW OODRUM
STEPHENA .S HERBLOM
ReprSienrti Neos.2 7
HarvaErddu catiRoenvailew
ThirPrdi nti1n9g9,9
Copyrig©h 1t9 96b yP residaenntdF elloowfsH arvardC ollege.
Allr ights resNeorv peadr.ot f t his publimcaaytb ieor ne producoerd
transmititnae ndy f orm boyra ny meaenlse,c troonrim ce chanicianlc,l uding
photocopryec,o rdionrga ,n yi nformatisotno raagned r etriesvyaslt ems,
withopuetr missiinow nr itifrnogm thep ublisher.
LibraorfyC ongreCsast alCoagr dN umber9 5-78432
ISBN0 -916690-29-6
HarvardE ducatioRneavli ew
GutmanL ibraSryu it3e4 9
6 AppiaWna y
CambridgMAe ,0 2138
TypesettbiynS gh eila Walsh
EditorPiraold uctiboyDn o dyR iggs
CoveDre sigbny D odyR iggs
CoveArr tworbky P epLie isty"nTah:ei dewaa si nspirbeydt hew orko fa
NativAem ericaanr tiwshto sen ameI d on otk nowb,u tw hoseg ifItc arrwyi th
me witghr eaatp preciation."
Contnets
Inrtoduction v
1 Conetxatn dC ultuWrhea:It s C ritPiecdagalo gy? 1
PeipL eisatnyAdnr al Wiooed rum
PartO ne:E ducatiionnI t sS ociCaoln text
InrtodtuiconA: C alfloM ru litplLei teracies 9
2 InS earocfah C ritPiecdaalgy o g 13
MaxiGnree ene
3 LiterfaocSryt upidifiTchaePt eidoang:oo fgB yi Lgi es 31
Doand/oP .M acedo
4 TransitBiiolnianElgd uuacla tainodtn h Seo cialiozfa ti5o9n
Immigrants
DavSipde ner
5 Doing CuSlttuudrYiaoelus t:ah n dt hCeh alleonfg e 83
Pedagogy
HenryA .G iroux
6 A DialowgiuteNh o amC hosmky 190
WithPe ipL eistySntape heaSnnh de rblom
7 AcdaemiFcr eedaonmd Ptaher ameotfeK rnso wledge 192
WilliGa.Tm i erney
8 RetnhkiinLgi bearnadRl a diPcearls pievecostn 194
RaciIanelq uayli inSt choolMiankgi:tn hgCe a sfoer
Nonysnchrony
CamerMocnC arthy
9 A TetnatiDvees criopftP ioosnt -FoTrhnmikailn g: 167
TheC ritCiocnaflr ontwaittCihoo gntn iivTeh eyo r
JoLe. K inchaenlSdoh ei rRl.Sey t einberg
PartT wo:T heP roceosfsL earnianngd T eaching
IntroduAc Ctailoln C:rfo irt Eidcuacla tors 197
10 A DialoCguulet:u Lraen,g uaagnedR, a ce 199
PauFlroie raen Ddo naPl.dM oa cedo
11 BeyontdhM ee thoFdeists :Th owaradH umanizing 229
Pedagogy
LilIi.Ba a rtmoel o
12 A DiscoNuortsIe n tenfodre dH eLre:a rnainndg 253
Tecahiwnigt hPiant riarchy
MagdLae wainsRd o gI.e Sri mon
13 TeachePros liatsAi cctaoFlrr so:Rm eprotdiuvce 273
Theotroyt hCer iosfiS sc hooling
DenniCsa rlson
14 TeachEedru cataindo tnh Peo liotfiE cnsg agement: 301
TheC asfoer D emocrSacthioco ling
HenryA .G ioruaxn Pde tMecrL aren
Glosrys a 333
RecommenRdeeadd ing 345
Aboutth Ceo ntributors 365
Aboutth Eed itors 369
Introudctoin
Ati stm osbta sicrci,t piecdaalg porgoyv iadl eesnt sh rouwghihc ehd ucators
areb ettaebrlt eoe xaimnaen d inetrawcitt thh e poolfie tdiuccsa tBiyo n.
"poilciwste" dnoo mte ant h"eR epublicana/ttD"ye pmoeofp c orlibtuitc,s ,
rather, utnhdee rrlepyaoilwn,erg re latiotnhsashtti rpusc otuuwrro er lfodr:
examlpeh,o ww em akmee anionfcg o mmolnapceev entthspe,u rpoasned
goaolfsp ubleidcu ciaotnh,o ws choaorlsest ructtuhrteey dpo,ef p repaar
tiotne achreercse itvhewea, y s tudeanrteps e rceiavnedtd r eattehdce,u r
rciuluwmeu sea,n ds ofo rt.hB reakiFrnegTe h:Te r anfsoartmiPvoew oerf Cr tiical
Pedagao cgyo,l cliteonof eyssos raigipnuablllyi sihnte hdeH arvarEdd uca
tioRneavli weawsc, o nceptuwailtithhz ceee dnr atplu rpoosfse e rvaisna gn
itnroducttoti hiofsnei ldI.to f efrrse aders esdeivteosrruaiplap lot rofat csi li
tatteh euinrd erstaonftd hiceno gm plyeo xfsi utcwho rCkh.a ptOenre" ,Co n
texatn dC ultuWrhea:It sC ritPiecdaalg opgryo?v"i adnee xsp lanoaftt ihoen
cenratclo ncsea pntdt heortiheaastr eg energarloluyp uendd etrh ete rm
"cirtipceadla goTghyer. e"m ainodfte hrbe o oikds i vided into two parts. The
firstp arotff ervsa ripoeurss tpievcest hleoa nr gseorc ainadlp olitciocnatle xt
withinw hicehd ucatipoonlailac inedps r acteixciePssat r.Tt w ofo cusoens
threo loeft eachaenrdss t udeinntt hspe r ocoefsl se arnainndtg e aching.
Theb ooiksd esignheedl rpte oa dbeergsit one xplcorriet piecdaalg ogy's
widrea ngoefs tyalnedsi deaTsoe. a steh ree ard'eesnt riyn ttoh icso mplex
field,p rwoev tiwdoee d itoariidFasil.r esatc,ch h apbteegri wnista hne ditors'
inrtoduct(iibonon l tdh)a lto catepsa rtthieac uutlhaortr h beir no adceorn
versaotfi otbnho eo kS.e contdhk,ee tye ramnsd c onceipnet asc chh apter,
ifno t dewfiintehdai nan u trh'otse xatr,de e finienda ne ditfoorost'n aott e
theb ottoofmt hpea gSeo.m dee finiatpipoeniasnmr o rteh aonn ec hapter
ino rdetrof acilrietaadteuern sd'e rstaonftd hiensge itnev ramrsic oouns
texAt gsl.o ssaattr hybe a cokft hbeo opkr oviadm eosr eex tendseisvcer ip
tioonfm ankye yc oncsea pntdt heoreptoisicioatnlas n,db otthh gel orsys a
andt haen notabtiebodlg irapohffyes ru ggesfotrifu orntsh setru dAyl.t hough
eacht hocefh aptcearnbs er eaidn depenldyte,h nictso llieocntd eissi gned
as iantne grawthoelde .
We witsoph o ionuttt o t hree adtehra t wtorhokef t haeu thiornlscu ded
int hisc ollieocnte viesr -levviaonstg h ceu ltuarnadpl o litliacnadls caanpde
languuasgaeg ceo nitnuetosc hange. Hoouwree vfefortr,ot l si neka rlier
wortko m oerc urnrtte hinkiinsagn a ttemtpopt r ovaih dies topreircsaple c-
v
vi BreakFirnege
tivoens omoef t he wianwy hsi cchr itiincqaulhi arrsy e spontdove adr ious
ands hiftinga ndspo ocliiatclio cneacrln s.
Iitso uhro pteh attha ec cessyo ifbt ihlbioisot kd t ahndei verosfai rttyi cles
chosweinli ln sprieraed etroes x plofurret htehrei mplicatoifco rnist ical
pedagoagnydt, h aBtr ekainFgre wei lslev rea sa s tepp-isntgofnoetr h owsheo
arwei lltiopn ugr spuaer ticidpiaatloorsgyeu- elemf,p owermaenndet d,u ca
tiontarla nsfoiromnWa.eto fftehrfoe l lowiinnsgi gihntt hshe o pteh atth ey
wilslre veu sa liln o urd iveerfsofer ttsor ealmiezaenn gifudle,m oactric
chan.g e
PepLie istyna
ArlWioeo drum
StephAe.Sn h erblom
HarvarGdrd auaStceh ooEofdl u cation
1
Conteaxntd C ultu:r e
What IsC rticialP edgaog?y
PEPIL EISTYNAa ndA RLIEW OODRUM
Int hcel assraonodo mnt hset reeevtesr,ye dxapye rioefnr caecsid sims,c rimi
naitona,n dv oilenbcees petahkre e ayl iotfg rae maatn Aym ericEavnesn.
thouegxh clusryip ornaactaincdes so ciuanlr eisntt h eU nitSetda taerse
beindigs cuwsitshiendt hdei scooufrs soec ainadle ducatrieofonrabmlo, t h
thceo nsveartiavnde l ibeerffaolr ttosr estrupcutbulrsiecc h ooling are se
verelliym ibtyet dh pea radifrgommw hicthh ey waonrdak r,e tihnuasd e
quataen di neeffctiviend eailnwgi tthh pel ethooftr oady a'sso cideitlaelm
masa ndt nesions.
Consveartitveec hnomcordealttsih cadato minmaatien rsetaemd ucational
progra(mwsh incahr rocwolnyc epttueaalcihzaienn dlg e arnaisan d gi screte
ands ciiefinuctn dertaekmibnrga)dc eep ersonmaeltihzofoedrdse ducating
studetnhtasot,f tetnr ansilnaott teh er egulaatnidso tna ndardoifz ation
teachperra ctaincdec su rircuAsl as.u cthh,er oloeft het eacheri s( who
"trnaeidi"sr) e ducteotd h aotfa p ass"iovjbece,t ivaen,d"" efi fcite"dn istribu
tor iofonfr matni.o
Enodrsian mge chnaicaaplp roatcorh e adiwnrgi,t ianngdm, a tht,h is
movemenrte,f ertroe "dab sa tcobk a sifcosc,u"ps reism aornit lhyte r aenrso ff
bassikci frlolmst he instrutcott hosert udethnrto umgihn dldersisal nlds
rotmee morizaotfis oenl ec"tfaecdtt sh"ac ta ne asbielm ye asurtehdr ough
standartdeiiszntegSd.u cah p edagogmiocdaewllh ,i cfho cuses exclusively
onp reparsitnugd efonrtt shw eo rfko rcaeb,s treadcutcsa tfrioomtn h ceh al
lengoefds e evlopia cnrgi ticcoanlslcyis ooucsi,ra elslpyo nsainbdpl oel,i ti
calalcyt isvteu dbeondtay n dc iitzeyn.Ir nfa ctc,o nsveartihvaevaser gued that
attemtpot sr etvheuean ld erlpyoiwnergre latiotnhsashtti rpusc etduurcea
toinaplo licaindep sr acthiacveceso rrupttheaedc adeemnivcoi nrmenAt .
a
Wordsi ni talaircesd efinedw ithitnh et exta,sw elals i nt heg lossalryo catiendt heb acko f
theb ookT.h eset ermasr efr equentulsye di nt hel iteratounr ec ritpiecdaalg ogy.
1
2 BreankgFi ree
consequoeftn hceets eec hnocmroadteiilcsts h at ltahregh eiorsr ti,ci adleo
logieccaoln,o maincdc, u ulrtaclo nditoiuoton fs iwchtho dya'sso ciaanld
instituctriiohsnaeavsgel r owgne nergaolu lnyq uestiino nsecdh ools.
Evetnh meo rper ogrepsospiuvlreae forr emff or-ttsh mea inrsetammu l
ticulmtouvreamle fonrte ,x amplfaei tl-o chalelffeencgtietv hepilrsye vail
ing parUanddigetmrh. re u broif"c m uilctuulrtaeld ucant,ai"g o redaeta olf
rescehalr,ti eratcuurrer,i acnudcl laa,s srporoamc tices presently attempts to
addretshsei ssuoefcs u ulrtadli verass�w cye,la lsr aciaanlde conomiinc
equaliHtoiweesv.et rh,me ajoritoyft hiwso rkw,hi cehn deavosrismy p tlo
affirmd iverasnidti yd entitthiroeuspg ohts iiviem agoefss ubordinated
groudpose,s insa ol imeidfat shiofno,c usoinnc go lcooro rdiionnfa,ot od
festivcaults-,a nda-dpda-sottnoets h eex isctainnogan n,dg roup-bmaestehd
odologTiheesse.efof rtbsy,a bstrapcatritnigcg urloaursp isl'ma irifrtoime s
anu nderstaonftd hienvigar r ious com(puslcehax sdi iteffireesn acmeso ng
them tienr mosfg ender, claosrsi,en tsaeecttx).iuo,oafn lt, fae nli ln ot the
traopfe ssteinal(izei.pngeg.r ,c eiavlBilln agc kbse t those a em),o bjectifying
(i..s,ee eipnego palsoe bj ectosf e ducatipoonlaislca nidep ractriactehse,r
thaans s e-ldfteerminsiujnbcegst w itah s aiyn t heierd uca)t,ioor en ven
romantitchilezi ivnoegfts h oosnet hmea rgins. suWcilhti hmeiidnmt odels
that feoxccuilsvu esolnyt h"eO htert,h"ce o nceopf"t d ierffencieso" f ten
notta keunpi nt ermsr eocfo gnainzdi cnrgi tiecnaglalgyti hen dgo minant
reefnegtrr oupt hien visniobrlomef t hWeh ite,d lm-eicldahsest,e rosexual
-
malbey w hicahlo lt hearrsme e asurCeodn.s eqtuletynh,ia slt lo coo mmon
depolitliicbiez"remadul,l ttiucruallfiasitmlo"es x mainaed equattheield ye
ologtiheasit n fournme qupaolw erre latainodsn osc isatlr atifiaclaotnigo n
suclhni es raasc eet,h nyi,cc liatgsesn,d earnd, s exuoarli einotnaT.th ese
mainstreenadvmeo arcsa ni nvistuer fraecfeo rbmustm, e rerleyc oigzning
ourd iefrfenwcielsnl o t leaat dr atnos formoaftt hieeoxn c lusryis otnrauc
turaanldi deolopgaitctaeolrf on usru nequsaolcy i.e t
Critpiecdaalg oognyt ,h eo thehra ndw,h ilwied emliys underasntdo od
misienrtprectheadl,l eunstg oer se cogneinzgea,ga en,dc riti(qsuoe t oa s
traonrsm)fa neyx isutnidnegm ocsroactpiiracal c taincdie nsis ttutisotnraulc
turtehsa ptr oduacneds ustianienq uaalnidto ipepsr esssoicviiead le ntities
and relatWihoinltseh. i tysp eo fw ork bheaesin n flueanctriotashlsse o cial
scienictvesas sl,tti e rataunrdhe i osrthya voef tbeene snu perficdiiaslmliys sed
withsicnh ooofle sd ucataisbo eni ntgoi od eoloagndi tcoaoolp aq,uo era s
ofefrisnigm pilc"i bsitbga ngs"o liuotnAss .ar esutleta,c ehdeurc atpiroon
gramasnd policaiswe esla,lse ducatrieosneaalar ncdch l assrporoamc tices,
arlea rgbeelryteo fft hdei aloignusehi,stg ,an dc ontribtuhtasituo cnphse r
spetcivoefesfr I.n o rdetroc larsiofym oef thmeissec onicoenapsnt dfa cile
dismistshacilhssa ,ps teetrs fort wiott asstekolsi f:n trordeuacdete orc sr itical
pedagoagndy t,od ebusnokm oef tmhyet htsh ahta vger owunpa rouintds
theorainedps r actices.
Contratrocy ommomni sperceopfct riiotnpisec daalg aosga ym onoilthic
discseot,uh raitso ,n ep artiwcauylo afsr e eitnhgwe o rl-dt hev asltei rtature
