Table Of ContentBothalia
AJOURNALOF BOTANICAL RESEARCH
Vol. 27,1 May 1997
TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS OF THE NATIONAL BOTANICAL INSTITUTE,
PRETORIA
OAfbrtiacian.abAlecaftraolmogtuheeoNfataillonaavlaiBlaobtlaenipcuabllIincsattiituotnes,wPirlilvabteeiBsasgueXd1o0n1r,ePqrueetsotr.ia0001,RepublicofSouth
BOTHALIA
BothaliaisnamedinhonourofGeneralLouisBotha,firstPremierandMinisterofAgricultureofthe
UnionofSouthAfrica.ThishousejournaloftheNationalBotanicalInstitute,Pretoria,isdevotedto
the furtherance ofbotanical science. The main fields covered aretaxonomy, ecology, anatomy and
cytology. Two parts of the journal and an index to contents, authors and subjects are published
annually.
Twobookletsofthecontents(a)toVols 1-20and(b)toVols21-25,areavailable.
STRELITZIA
Aseries ofoccasional publications on southern African floraand vegetation,replacingMemoirsof
theBotanicalSurveyofSouthAfricaandAnnalsofKirstenboschBotanicGardens.
MEMOIRSOFTHEBOTANICALSURVEYOFSOUTHAFRICA
The memoirs are individual treatises usually ofan ecological nature, but sometimes dealing with
taxonomyoreconomicbotany. Published:Nos 1-63 (manyoutofprint).DiscontinuedafterNo. 63.
ANNALSOFKIRSTENBOSCH BOTANICGARDENS
A series devoted to the publication ofmonographs and major works on southern African flora.
Published: Vols 14-19 (earlier volumes published as Supplementary volumes to theJournalof
SouthAfrican Botany). DiscontinuedafterVol. 19.
FLOWERINGPLANTSOFAFRICA(FPA)
Thisserial presentscolourplatesofAfricanplantswithaccompanyingtext.Theplatesareprepared
mainly by the artists at the National Botanical Institute. Many well known botanical artists have
contributed to the series, such as CythnaLetty (over700 plates), Kathleen Lansdell, StellaGower,
Betty Connell, PeterBally, FayAnderson,EllaphieWard-HilhorstandGillianCondy. TheEditoris
pleased toreceivelivingplantsofgeneral interestorofeconomic valueforillustration.
FromVol. 55, twentyplatesarepublishedatirregularintervals.
An index toVols 1^9isavailable.
FLORAOFSOUTHERNAFRICA(FSA)
Ataxonomic treatise on the floraofthe Republic ofSouth Africa, Lesotho, Swaziland, Namibia and
Botswana. The FSA contains descriptions of families, genera, species, infraspecific taxa, keys to
genera and species, synonymy, literature and limited specimen citations, as well as taxonomic and
ecological notes.
Contributions totheFSA alsoappearin Bothalia.
PALAEOFLORAOFSOUTHERNAFRICA
A palaeollora on a pattern comparable to that of the Flora ofsouthern Africa. Much of the
information is presented in the form oftables and photographic plates depicting fossil populations.
Nowavailable:
MoltenoFonnation(Triassic)Vol. 1. Introduction.Dicroidium,byJ.M.&H.M.Anderson.
MollenoFormation (Triassic) Vol. 2.Gymnosperms(excludingDicroidium), byJ.M. &
H.M.Anderson.
ProdromusofSouth African Megafloras. Devonian toLowerCretaceous, byJ.M. & H.M.
Anderson. Obtainable from: A.A. BalkemaMarketing, Box 317,Claremont7735,RSA.
BOTHALIA
AJOURNALOFBOTANICALRESEARCH
Volume 27,1
Scientific Editor: O.A. Leistner
Technical Editor: B.A. Momberg
NATIONAL
§8 O T A N CAL
I
INSTITUTE
2CussoniaAvenue,Brummeria,Pretoria
PrivateBagX101, Pretoria0001
ISSN00068241
May 1997
EditorialBoard
D.F. Cutler Royal BotanicGardens, Kew, UK
B.J.Huntley NationalBotanicalInstitute,CapeTown,RSA
P.H. Raven MissouriBotanicalGarden, StLouis,USA
J.P. Rourke Compton Herbarium, NBI,CapeTown, RSA
M.J.Werger UniversityofUtrecht, Utrecht,Netherlands
CONTENTS
Volume27,1
1. NotesonPlectrantlms(Lamiaceae)fromsouthernAfriea.E.J.VANJAARSVELDandT.J.EDWARDS 1
2. Live newspeciesofLachenalia(Hyacinthaceae)fromarid areasofSouthAfrica. G.D. DUNCAN 7
.
3. StudiesintheliverwortgenusFossombronia(Metzgeriales)fromsouthernAfrica. 1.Threenewspecies
fromNorthern Province, GautengandMpumalanga. S.M. PEROLD 17
4. Studies in the liverwortgenusFossombronia (Metzgeriales) fromsouthernAfrica. 2. Anamendment
tothree speciesfromWesternCape,describedby S.W. Arnell. S.M. PEROLD 29
5. Studies in the liverwortgenus Fossombronia (Metzgeriales)from southernAfrica. 3. An amendment
toF. spinifolia. S.M. PEROLD 39
6. Notes ofAfricanplants:
Apiaceae (Umbelliferae).AnewnameforaSouth AfricanPeucedanum. B.L. BURTT 51
Asteraceae.NewcombinationinDicoma.S.ORTIZ,J.RODRIGUEZ-OUBINAandI.PULGAR 48
Boraginaceae. ThetaxonomicstatusofLobostemonhorridus.M.H. BUYS andJ.J.A. VANDER
WALT 55
Eabaceae.AsurveyofantipodalsinthegametophyteofthetribesPodalyrieaeandLiparieae.A.L.
SCHUTTE 43
Proteaceae. Anew speciesofLeucadendron fromthewesternLittleKaroo. J.P. ROURKE.... 52
Rubiaceae. AnewspeciesofVangueria fromtheSoutpansberg. N. HAHN 45
Thymelaeaceae. NewcombinationsinLachnaea.J.B.P. BEYERS 45
Vitaceae. A new species of Rhoicissus from the Eastern Cape. E. RETIEE and E. J. VAN
JAARSVELD 49
7. Composition and biogeography offorest patches on the inland mountains ofthe southern Cape. C.J.
GELDENHUYS 57
8. Cytogenetic studies in some representatives ofthe subfamily Pooideae (Poaceae) in South Africa. 3.
ThetribePoeae.J.J. SPIES, S.M.C. VANWYK, I.C. NIEMANandE.J.L. LIEBENBERG. ... 75
9. Comparativefieldperformanceofthreedifferentgasexchangesystems.G.E.MIDGLEY,M. VESTE,
D.J. VONWILLERT,G.W.DAVIS,M. STEINBERGandL.W. POWRIE 83
10. Obituary: LeslieCharlesLeach(1909-1996). R.H. ARCHER 91
11. Bookreviews 97
Digitized by the Internet Archive
2016
in
https://archive.org/details/bothaliavolume2727unse
—
Bothalia27,l: 1-6(1997)
NotesonPlectranthus (Lamiaceae)fromsouthernAfiica
E.J. VANJAARSVELD*andT.J.EDWARDS**
Keywords: comb,nov.,Lamiaceae, Plectranthusspp.,southernAfrica,spp.nov.,stat.nov.,taxonomy
ABSTRACT
FournewPlectranthustaxafromSouthAfricaaredescribed: PmalvinusVanJaarsv. &T.J.Edwards,P.saccatussubsp.
pondoensis VanJaarsv. &S.Milstein,P.purpuratussubsp. tongaensisVanJaarsv. &T.J.EdwardsandP.purpuratussubsp.
montanus VanJaarsv. &T.J.Edwards. P. aliciae (Codd) VanJaarsv. &T.J.EdwardsandP. lucidus(Benth.) Van Jaarsv. &
T.J.Edwardsaregivennewstatus,andP.pentheri(Giirke)VanJaarsv.&T.J.EdwardsistransferredtothisgenusfromColeus
andrecognizedasaspecies.
INTRODUCTION upperlip7mmlong,2-lobed,laterallobes3mmlong,lower
lip boat-shaped, 5 mm long. Nutlets brown to black, ovoid,
Plectranthus includes 45 southern African species 1.5 X 1.0 mm. Flowering time: March to May. Eigure 1.
which are found in the subtropical forests and savannas
ofthe summer rainfall region. The genus was revised by This species was collected along forest fringes on
Codd (1975, 1985) whorecognized44species in southern quartzitic sandstones of Mount Sullivan (W end). It has
Africa. Subsequent collections and additional information been cultivated as a ground cover at Kirstenbosch Na-
have resulted in the recognition of another species and tional Botanical Garden for a number ofyears under the
threenewinfraspecifictaxawhicharedescribedhere.Two name P. ciliatus ‘Bingham’. Codd (1975) related this
varieties are raised tospecies level and one species, origi-
nally described under Coleus, is transferred to Plectran-
thus. The newly described taxa belong to the subgenus
Plectranthus.
1. Plectranthus malvinus Van Jaarsv. & T.J.Ed-
wards sp. nov. a P. ciliato E.Mey. ex Benth. folds firmis,
coriaceis, succulentis, marginibus serratis pagina foliorum
strigosa floribusque malvinis differt.
—
TYPE. EasternCape,3129(PortStJohns); MountSul-
livan, (-DA), E. van Jaarsveld & Bingham 10522 (NBG,
holo.).
Decumbent, strigose, mat-forming herb; roots shallow,
fibrous. Stetns4-angled, purple-green, ± 3 mm in diame-
ter, strigose (white multicellular hairs), punctate; inter-
nodes 10-40 mm apart. Leaves fleshy, firm, ovate to
obovate, 40-90 x 30-50 mm, strigose, serrate with 8-10
pairs of teeth; abaxial surface strigose, veins purple,
densely strigose, hairs white, gland dots colourless,
sunken; base cuneate, apex acute; petiole 5-10 mm long,
purple, densely villose on adaxial surface, decurrent. In-
mm
florescence a raceme or lax panicle, 180-210 long;
cymes 3-flowered, 10-15 mm apart; bracts ovate-lanceo-
late, 7x2 mm long; pedicels ± 10 mm long. Calyx 4
mm long (enlarging to 10 mm), upper lobe ovate, 2 mm
mm mm
long (5 in fruit), lower lobes 4, linear, 1.5 long
(4 mm afterflowering). Corolla ± 12mm long, pink(vio-
mm
letgroup 84c), tube laterallycompressed, 6 long, sac-
mm mm
cate atbase and 3 deep, narrowingto2 atthroat.
*NationalBotanicalInstitute.Kirstenbosch,PrivateBagX7,Claremont
7735,CapeTown.
** Botany Department, University of Natal, P.O.Box 375, Pieter- EICURE 1. P.malvinus,E. vanJaarsveld&Bingham 10522,PortSt
maritzburg3200. Johns,EasternCape.Habit,x0.5.Scalebar:12mm.Artist:Vicky
MS.received: 1996-04-20. Thomas.
2 Bothalia27,l(1997)
taxonbothtoP.strigosusandP. ciliatus. Itisdistinguished nate, with 3 pairs ofteeth, subglabrous,rubropunctatebe-
by its firm, succulent, ovate to obovate leaves which are neath, apex rounded, base truncate to cuneate. Raceme
serrate, have densely pilose purple veins and are densely 30-120 mm long, often with a pair of side branches;
punctate underneath. The latter feature immediately sepa- cymes 3-flowered, 5-10 mm apart; bracts ovate-lanceo-
rates it from P strigosus or P lucidus which have red late, 2mmlong,persistent; pedicel2-3 mmlong;fruiting
gland dots. The flowers are reminiscent ofP ciliatus but calyx 5 mm long. Corolla 10-11 mm long, white, tube ±
are generally smaller and are an attractive mauve. P cili- 4 mm long, constricted in middle. Nutlets brown, 1 mm
atus has soft leaves and usually bears white flowers. long. Figure 2.
P malvinus is one of the endemics of the region of P.purpuratussubsp.purpuratusisconfinedtotheDur-
quartzitic sandstone in KwaZulu-Natal and northernEast- ban-Pietermaritzburg region of central KwaZulu-Natal
ern Cape. It is found on MountThesiger, Mount Sullivan (Figure 3) and occurs on rocky outcrops or south-facing
andinadjacentterritoryonforestmargins.Associatedspe- cliffs in bushveld. It is commonly found in association
cies inthe habitatincludeMitriostigmaaxillare,Drimiop- withspeciessuchasAloearborescens, Gasteriacroucheri
sis maculata and P ciliatus. and Plectranthus hadiensis var. tomentosus.
2. Plectranthus purpuratusHarv., Thesaurus cap- Subsp. purpuratus is distinguished from subsp. mon-
ensis 1: 53, t. 83 (1859). Type: ex Hort., Kew, from seed tsauncucsulaenndt,sugblsapb.retsocnegnate,nsissubbryotiutsnddelceuamvbeesntwhhiabciht aanrde
sent from Port Natal [KwaZulu-Natal: Durban], R. Vause
crowded and often subimbricate. Its leaves are entire or,
s.n. (K, holo.!). rarely, obscurely crenate. The typical subspecies was
namedforitspurpleabaxialleafsurfaces.Theplantshave
Procumbmenmt to decumbent, perennial, succulent herb, an erect to decumbent habit.
up to 200 high; roots fibrous. Stems 4-angled, suc-
culent. Leaves broadly trullate, broadly ovate, obovate to
subrotund, 10-15 x 10-15 mm, entire to variably serrate 2b. Plectranthus purpuratus subsp. tongaensis
to crenate with 2 or 3 pairs of teeth, strigose to sub- VanJaarsv. & T.J.Edwards subsp. nov. asubspecie typica
glabrous; lower surface occasionally purplish, rubropunc-
tate; tip acute, base truncate to broadly cuneate; petioles
3-15 mm long. Raceme 30-290 mm long, racemose, oc-
casionally withapairofsidebranches;cymes3-flowered,
5-10 mm apart; bracts linear-lanceolate, 3-4 mm long,
persistent beyond flowering stage; pedicels 3-5 mm long.
mm mm
Calyx 3 long; fruiting calyx 5 long. Corolla
12-13 mm long, whiteorpalemauve, tube5-8 mm long,
basally ventricose, constricted about3 nun from base and
flared at throat, upper lobes emarginate, 3-5 mm long,
lateral lobes ±2mmlong, lowerlipboat-shaped,5-7 mm
mm
long. Nutlets brown or black, 1.5 long.
Plectranthus purpuratus is widely distributed in the
eastern parts of southern Africa from Durban through
KwaZulu-Natal and Swaziland to Mpumalanga (Eastern
Transvaal), occurring in rocky gorges in savanna and
grassland. The species has a diagnostic, medial constric-
tion of the corolla tube which distinguishes it from P
strigosus, P lucidus and P. oertendahlii.
Key to subspecies ofP purpuratus
la Plantserecttodecumbent; leavesentiretoobscurelycrenate,
succulent, subrotund, subglabrous, subimbricate
subsp.purpuratus
lb Plants procumbent; leaves not distinctly succulent, strigose,
lax:
2a Leaves large, trullate (petioles 12-15 mm long), distinctly
serrate, with 3or4pairsofteeth subsp. tongaensis
2b Leaves broadly ovate to obovate (petiole 6-12 mm long),
shallowlyserratewith2or3pairsofteeth . . subsp.rrumtanus
2a. Plectranthus purpuratus Harv. subsp. purpuratus
Stemserect todecumbent, succulent. Leaves subimbri- FIGURE2.—P.purpuratussubsp.purpuratus,E. vanJaarsveld9843,
cate, subrotund to broadly ovate, succulent, 15^5 x MambaValley,KwaZulu-Natal.Plant,x0.5.Scalebar: 10mm.
15-38 mm, grey-green,entire, occasionally shallowlycre- Artist;VickyThomas.
Bothalia27,l(1997) 3
—
TYPE. KwaZulu-Natal, 2732 (Ubombo): Kosi Bay,
(-BB), Van Jaarsveld 12206 (NBG, holo.).
Procumbent, pubescent to glabrescent, succulent herb,
rooting at nodes. Stems 4-angled, purplish to green, 2-3
mm
in diameter, strigose (purplish to white hairs),
mm
rubropunctate; intemodes 20-30(-60) long. Leaves
ovate tobroadly ovate, 30-34 x 15-18 mm, green orpur-
ple tinged, coarsely serrate, with 3 or 4 pairs of shallow
teeth, abaxial surface strigose to glabrescent, rubropunc-
tate, veins densely strigose, apex acute, base broadly cun-
mm
eate; petiole 12-15 long, strigose, rubropunctate.
Raceme 140-290 mm long, occasionally with a pair of
basal side branches; cymes 3-flowered, 8-20 mm apart;
bracts ovate-lanceolate, ± 3 mm long; pedicel ± 4 mm
long. Calyx ± 3 mm long, enlarging to 6 mm, upper lip
mm mm
ovate, 2 long (± 4 after flowering), lower lobes
FIGURErat3u.s—,D;istrP.ibuptuiropnuroaftPu.sluscuibdsups,,•t;onPg.aepnusripsu,ra;tusPs.ubpsupr.ppuurraptuu-s 4d,enlsienelayr,s±tri1g.o5sem(mflluoshnegd(±wi3t.h5bmlume).loCnogroalftlearf1lm2o-mw1e3rinmg)m,
subsp.montanus.A;P.pentheri, O. long, white, bilabiate, tube basally saccate, 7 long,
upper lip 5-6 mm long, 2-lobed, lateral lobes 2-3 mm
long, lower lip boat-shaped, 5-6 mm long. Nutlets black,
habitu procumbenti foliisque trullatis non congestis, mar- ovoid, 1.5 X 1.0 mm. Flowering time: March to May.
ginibusserrratisparibusdentiumtribusvelquatuordiffert. Figure 4A.
—
FIGURE4. P.purpuratus-.A,subsp.
tongaensis, E. van Jaarsveld,
Van der Walt & Crous 50,
KosiBay,KwaZulu-Natal;B,
subsp. montanus, E. van
Jaarsveld 3386, Barberton,
Mpumalanga. A, B, habit,
X0.7.Scalebars: 14mm.Art-
ist:VickyThomas.
—
4 Bothalia27,l(1997)
The obovate leaves ofthis subspecies are usually cov-
ered in a grey indumentum. The lamina margin is ob-
scurely serrate with two pairs of teeth. The subspecies
occurs along the Mpumalanga (Eastern Transvaal) Drak-
ensberg (Figure 3), usually among rocks in grassland and
forest margins. Associated species include Aloe suprafo-
liata and R verticillatus.
3. PlectranthussaccatusBenth. subsp. pondoensis
Van Jaarsv. & S.Milstein subsp. nov. a subspecie typica
foliis manifesto succulentis, inflorescentia brevi, tuboque
corollae brevi 6-7 mm longo differt.
—
TYPE. KwaZulu-Natal, 3030 (Port Shepstone): Oribi
Gorge, (-CA), E. van Jaarsveld2201 (PRE, holo.).
Trailing, glutinous succulent herb. Stems obscurely
mm
four-angled; young stems 2-5 in diameter, purplish,
minutely glandular pubescent, becoming glabrous; older
stems striate; intemodes 6-40 mm long. Leaves ovate to
broadly trullate, 12-27 x 10-28, both surfaces minutely
glandularpubescent, abaxial surface slightly costate; peti-
ole 5-25 mm long. Racemes secund, 30-50 mm long;
bracts linear, ± 1 mm long, caducous; pedicels 6-7 mm
long. Calyx 3-6 mm long (enlarging to 8 mm), upper lip
mm
ascending, ovate, 1 long, lower lobes 4, narrowly
FIGUREE0..55.,vaArntPi.Jsats:aarcVscivacetkluyds:2T2bA0o-1mC,a,sO.sruibbsip.Gosragcec,atuKsw;aZDu,lusu-bNsapt.aplo.ndHoaebnits,isx, lXin3e-ar7-lmanmc,eoluatpep,er1 lmipm2-lloonbge.d,Co9r-o1l3laxsa7cc-a1t2e,mtmu,bee6r-ec2t0,
lobes folded back, lower lip horizontal or slightly droop-
ing, blue to pale mauve-pink, innersurface speckled with
This subspecies is locally common or sporadic in purple (often in 4 rows), lower lip 8 mm long, speckled
coastal sand forest from StLuciato Kosi Bay in northern with purple. Stamens ± 14 mm long, declinate in lower
KwaZulu-Natal (Figure 3). Plants are often found in as- lip, free for 8 mm; anthers purple, bent upwards. Style
sociation with Crassula expansa subsp.fragilis, Plectran- 11-12 mm long. Figure 5D.
thuspetiolaris and Cussonia arenicola.
P. saccatus subsp. pondoensis is distinguished from
2c.Plectranthuspurpuratussubsp.montanus Van the typical subspecies by its distinctly succulent leaves
Jnaoanrsvc.on&gesTtJi.sEdlwaamridnisssuobbsopv.atniosv.maarsugbisnpiebcuisetvyipxicsaerfroaltiiiss aunpdtode4cummbleonngt.tTohperosceucmobndeanrtyhgabriotwtwhitohfftlheexisbpleecisetsemiss
paribus dentium duobus differt. anomalous withmany broadcollenchymatousrayswhich
impart flexibility.
—
TYPE. Swaziland, 2631 (Mbabane); Mbabane, (-AC),
Compton 32207 (NBG, holo.). The two subspecies are ecologically separated, with
subsp. pondoensis being common in scrub along gorge
lips, and subsp. saccatus being common in forest. Suc-
Procumbent, pubescent, succulent herb; roots shallow,
mm culence occurs in a numberofcliff-dwelling species {P.
afimbertoeurs,.sSttriegmosse4,-raunbgrloepdu,ncptuartpel;isihntteorgnroedeens,52-.152mmilnondgi.- ernstii, P purpuratus and P strigosus). The two sub-
Leavesovate to broadly ovate, 12-15 x 10-15 mm, green supneicfioersmmacuilnttiaviantiotnh.eirNovegheytbartiivdes cbheatrawceteenristthicesmuhnadveer
to purplish, teeth (2 pairs) shallow, serrate tocrenate-den- been observed.
tate, abaxialsurfacesparselystrigose,rubropunctate,veins
densely strigose, base cuneate, apex obtuse to acute; peti-
ole 6-12 mm long, strigose, rubropunctate. Raceme Psaccatussubsp.pondoensisisrestrictedtothequartzitic
30-100 mm long, occasionally with a pair of side sandstoneclifffaces oftheMsikabaRiverofnorthernEast-
branches at base; cymes 3-flowered, 5-12 mm apart; ern Cape (northern Transkei) and southern KwaZulu-Natal
bracts ovate-lanceolate, ± 2 mm long; pedicels 2-4 mm (Figure 6). Associated species include Cryptocarya wyliei
long. Calyx 3 mm long, enlarging to 6 mm; upper lobe 2 and Crassula sarmentosa var. sarmentosa.
mm long (4 mm after flowering), ovate and lower lobes
4, linear,± 1.5 mm long(3.5 mmafterflowering),densely P saccatus subsp. saccatus is very variable, with sev-
mm mm
strigose. Corolla 14-15 long, white, tube7 long, eral local forms (Figure 5A-C). The recognition of var.
upper lip 5-6 mm long, 2-lobed, lower lip boat-shaped, longitu- bus Codd within this species is contentious. The
3-4 mm long. Nutlets black, ovoid, 1.5 x 1.0 mm. Flow- corollatube length is highly variableand appearstoform
ering time: March to May. Figure 4B. a continuum.
