Table Of ContentISSN00068241 = Bothalia
Bothalia
AJOURNALOF BOTANICAL RESEARCH
Vol. 26,1 May 1996
TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS OF THE NATIONAL BOTANICAL INSTITUTE,
PRETORIA
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BOTHALIA
BothaliaisnamedinhonourofGeneralLouisBotha,firstPremierandMinisterofAgricultureofthe
UnionofSouthAfrica.ThishousejournaloftheNationalBotanicalInstitute,Pretoria,isdevotedto
the furtherance ofbotanical science. The main fieldscovered are taxonomy, ecology, anatomy and
cytology. Two parts of the journal and an index to contents, authors and subjects are published
annually.
AbookletofthecontentstoVols 1-20isavailable.
STRELITZIA
Aseriesofoccasional publicationson southernAfricanflora andvegetation, replacingMemoirsof
theBotanicalSurveyofSouthAfricaandAnnalsofKirstenboschBotanicGardens.
MEMOIRSOFTHEBOTANICALSURVEYOFSOUTHAFRICA
The memoirs are individual treatises usually ofan ecological nature, but sometimes dealing with
taxonomyoreconomicbotany. Published: Nos 1-63(manyoutofprint).DiscontinuedafterNo. 63.
ANNALSOFKIRSTENBOSCHBOTANICGARDENS
Aseries devoted to the publication ofmonographs and major works on southern African flora.
Published: Vols 14-19 (earlier volumes published as Supplementary volumes to theJournalof
SouthAfrican Botany). DiscontinuedafterVol. 19.
FLOWERINGPLANTSOFAFRICA(FPA)
ThisserialpresentscolourplatesofAfricanplantswithaccompanyingtext.Theplatesareprepared
mainly by the artists at the National Botanical Institute. Many well known botanical artists have
contributed to the series, such as Cythna Letty (over 700plates), Kathleen Lansdell, Stella Gower,
Betty Connell, PeterBally, Fay Anderson, Ellaphie Ward-HilhorstandGillian Condy.TheEditoris
pleased toreceive livingplantsofgeneral interestorofeconomicvalueforillustration.
FromVol. 55,twentyplatesare publishedatirregularintervals.
An indextoVols 1-49isavailable.
FLORAOFSOUTHERNAFRICA(FSA)
Ataxonomic treatiseon the flora ofthe RepublicofSouthAfrica, Lesotho, Swaziland, Namibia and
Botswana. The FSA contains descriptions of families, genera, species, infraspecific taxa, keys to
genera and species, synonymy, literature and limited specimen citations, as well as taxonomic and
ecological notes.
ContributionstotheFSA alsoappearinBothalia.
PAIAEOFLORAOFSOUTHERNAFRICA
A palaeoflora on a pattern comparable to that of the Flora ofsouthern Africa. Much of the
information ispresented in the form oftables and photographicplatesdepictingfossil populations.
Now available:
MoltenoFormation(Triassic)Vol. 1. Introduction.Dicroidium,byJ.M.&H.M.Anderson.
MoltenoFormation (Triassic)Vol.2. Gymnosperms(excludingDicroidium),byJ.M. &
H.M.Anderson.
ProdromusofSouth African Megafloras. Devonianto LowerCretaceous,byJ.M. & H.M.
Anderson. Obtainablefrom: A.A. Balkema Marketing,Box317,Claremont7735, RSA.
BOTHALIA
AJOURNALOFBOTANICALRESEARCH
Volume 26,1
Scientific Editor: O.A. Leistner
Technical Editor: B.A. Momberg
NATIONAL
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ISSN00068241
May1996
EditorialBoard
D.F.Cutler Royal BotanicGardens, Kew, UK
B.J.Huntley NationalBotanical Institute,CapeTown, RSA
P.H.Raven Missouri BotanicalGarden,StLouis,USA
J.P.Rourke ComptonHerbarium,NBI,CapeTown,RSA
M.J.Werger UniversityofUtrecht,Utrecht,Netherlands
.
CONTENTS
Volume 26,1
l 1. Four new species and one new subspecies ofLachenalia (Hyacinthaceae) from arid areas ofSouth
Africa. G.D. DUNCAN 1
/ 2. Saxicolous species of the genus Rinodina (lichenized Ascomycetes, Physciaceae) in southern
Africa. M. MATZERandH. MAYRHOFER 11
J 3. FSAcontributions4: Agavaceae. G.F. SMITHandM. MOSSMER 31
,/ 4. FSAcontributions5: Buxaceae. H.F. GLEN 37
5. NotesonAfricanplants:
/ Apiaceae.AnewspeciesofCentella. M.T.R. SCHUBERTandB.-E. VANWYK 50
d Celastraceae. Correct orthography and authorcitation forElaeodendron. R.H. ARCHER and
A.E. VANWYK 41
sj1 Convolvulaceae. New records, name changes and a new combination in southern Africa. A.D.J.
MEEUSEandW.G.WELMAN 46
J Crotalarieae. RareorextinctspeciesofArgyrolobium T.J. EDWARDS 42
v 6. Cytogeneticstudies in some representativesofthe subfamily Pooideae(Poaceae) in SouthAfrica. 1.
ThetribeAveneae,subtribeAveninae.J.J. SPIES,S.K. SPIES,S.M.C.VANWYK,A.F.MALAN
andE.J.L. LIEBENBERG 53
d 7. Cytogeneticstudies in some representativesofthe subfamily Pooideae (Poaceae) in SouthAfrica. 2.
ThetribeAveneae,subtribesPhalaridinaeandAlopecurinae.J.J.SPIES,S.K.SPIES,S.M.C.VAN
WYK,A.F. MALANandE.J.L. LIEBENBERG 63
\J 8. AtributetoFrankWhite(5thMarch 1927to 12thSeptember1994).A.ANGUSandJ.D.CHAPMAN 69
9. Obituaries:vArthurKoeleman(1915-1994). G.F. SMITHandA.E.VANWYK 77
,/ WernerBahneGeorgJacobsen(1909-1995).N.H.G.JACOBSENandJ.B.E.JACOBSEN 79
v 10. Bookreview 81
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Bothalia26,1: 1-9(1996)
FournewspeciesandonenewsubspeciesofLachenalia (Hyacinthaceae) from
aridareasofSouthAfrica
G.D. DUNCAN*
Keywords:Hyacinthaceae,Lachenalia,newspecies,newsubspecies,SouthAfrica
ABSTRACT
FournewspeciesofLachenaliaaredescribed:L.karooicaW.F.BarkerexG.D.DuncanfromtheGreatKarooandsouthwestern
FreeState,L.perryaeG.D.DuncanfromtheLittleKarooandsouthernCape,aswellasL.neiliiW.F.BarkerexG.D.DuncanandL.
alba W.F.Barker ex G.D.Duncan, both from the Nieuwoudtville-Calvinia District ofthe Northern Cape. In addition, a new
subspecies,L.marginataW.F.Barkersubsp.neglectaSchltr.exG.D.DuncanisdescribedfromtheWesternCape.
INTRODUCTION Deciduous,winter-growinggeophyte45-220mmhigh.
Bulbglobose, 10-20mm in diam., whitewith thinbrown
Lachenalia Jacq. f. ex Murray is the largest genus outerscales,usuallyproducedintoaneckterminatingjust
withinthe southernAfrican Hyacinthaceae andcomprises below ground level. Leafusually solitary, occasionally 2,
more than 100 species (Duncan 1988, 1992). The genus lanceolate, conduplicate, 40-200 x 5-20 mm, glaucous
is endemic to this region where it has a very wide distri- with depressed longitudinal veins on upper surface and a
bution extendingfromthe southwesternpartsofNamibia, coriaceous margin, and irregularly scattered brown, green
southwards throughout Namaqualand, the Western Cape ormaroonblotchesmainlyonuppersurface; claspingleaf
and Great Karoo to asfarinlandasthe southwestern Free base 5-30 mm long with magenta bands or blotchesjust
State, from where its probable boundary makes an arc to below ground level, shading to purplish maroon above
the southeast down to Transkei on the east coast of the ground level. Inflorescence spicate or subspicate, few to
Eastern Cape (Barker 1987). Mostofthe taxonomicwork many-flowered, 20-150 mm long with a short sterile tip;
on Lachenalia carried out this century has been under- peduncle erect to suberect, 20-80 mm long, slender or
taken by the late Miss W.F. Barker, formerly curator of sturdy, shorterthan length ofleaf, mottled with very pale
the Compton Herbarium at Kirstenbosch Botanical Gar- maroon and green; rachis mottled with very pale maroon
den. Herstudies,both duringherterm ascuratorandsub- and green; pedicels absent or up to 2 mm long; bracts
sequent toherretirement, have resulted in thepublication ovate, greenish white, 1-2 mm long. Flowers patent, ob-
ofmore than forty new species for the genus. A number long-campanulate, dullwhite togreenishwhite, oftendis-
of new Lachenalia species have still to be formally de- colouring to a dull purple on herbarium sheets; outer
scribed and published, and this paper serves as the first perianthsegmentsoblong,5-7x2-3mm,withorwithout
in a series tobe published as a continuation ofthe recent bluishbases,withpurplishmaroonorgreenishbrowngib-
work of W.F. Barker (Barker 1978, 1979, 1983a & b, bosities; innerperianth segments obovate, recurved, 7-10
1984, 1987, 1989) and the current author (Duncan 1993) x3mm,withbrownishgreenkeels.Stamenswellexserted
mm
towards a revision ofthe genus. beyond tipofperianth, spreading; filamentswhite, 10
long; antherspaletodarkmaroonpriortoanthesis,yellow
at anthesis. Ovary ovoid, pale green, 2-3 mm long; style
NEWSPECIESINLACHENALIA white, 10 mm long, protruding well beyond stamens as
ovary enlarges. Capsule ovoid, membranous, 5-7 mm
Lachenalia karooica W.F.Barker ex G.D.Duncan long. Seedglobose with an arillode with a terminal ridge
, ofmediumheight.Chromosomenumber: 2n = 16.Figures
sfpl.orinbouvs.pdaitsetnitnigbuuist,urobilnofnlogroe-sccaemnptiaanuslpaitciastavivreelllissubcsupmicavtela 1A; 2 & 3.
sine basibus excaeruleis, segmentibus interioribus perian-
thii recurvatis, staminibus bene exsertis patentibus, Etymology namedaftertheGreatKaroowherethefirst
plerumque folio singulari lanceolato conduplicato venis specimens were collected, and from where the largest
longitudinalibus depressis, supra maculis brunneis, number ofcollections are known.
viridibus vel marroninis irregulariter dispersis.
— Diagnosticcharacters
TYPE. Free State, 2925 (Jagersfontein): Fauresmith
veld, 0.5 km on road from Fauresmith to Koffiefontein, L. karooica is characterised by a spicate or subspicate
(-CB), 6-8-1976, Chaplin s.n., (NBG, holo.!). inflorescence ofpatent,oblong-campanulateflowers,with
the inner perianth segments distinctly recurved and con-
*NationalBotanicalInstitute,Kirstenbosch,PrivateBagX7,Claremont siderably longer than the outer ones. The spreading sta-
7735,CapeTown. mensarewellexsertedbeyondthe tipoftheperianth, and
MS.received: 1995-10-09. the anthers are conspicuously pale to dark maroon prior
2 Bothalia26,1(1996)
—
FIGURE1. InflorescencesoffournewspeciesandonenewsubspeciesofLachenalia.A,L.karooica,Chaplins.n.;B,L.perryae,Perrys.n.;C,
L.neilii,Duncan196;D,L.alba,Steiner1366;E,L.marginatasubsp.marginata,Duncan197;F,L.marginatasubsp.neglecta,Duncan
238.Scalebars:10mm.
to anthesis. The plant usually has a single lanceolate leaf curved, and the leaf pale green and unblotched without
which is glaucous and distinctly conduplicate, with de- coriaceous margin.
pressed longitudinal veins on the upper surface, and ir-
regularly scattered brown, green or maroon blotches,
mainly on the upper surface. Floweringtime:JunetoSeptember.
Distributionandhabitat
L. karooica is related toL. bowkeri Baker, an as yet
poorly known species from the southern part of the
Material of this very distinctive species was first col-
Eastern Cape, in that both have a usually single con-
duplicate, lanceolate leaf and oblong-campanulate, dull lected by DouglasF. Gilfillan in August 1899 in the Mid-
white to greenish white, patent flowers which are ses- delburg District of the Eastern Cape. It has since been
sile or have very short pedicels. The anthers of both recorded from several widely separated localities in the
species are distinctly pale to dark maroon prior to an- Great Karoo and Northern Cape, and from one locality at
thesis. L. bowkeri differs in having included, declinate Karoopoort. It is distinguished from all other lachenalias
in having a single glaucous, conduplicate, lanceolate leaf
stamens, the tips of the outer perianth segments not re-
with a coriaceous margin, and oblong-campanulate flow-
Bothalia26,1(1996) 3
near Prieska, (-DA), Aug. 1935, Bryant 592 (PRE); Prieska, (-DA),
June 1969, Hardy & Rauh 1591 (PRE). 3025 (Colesberg): Colesberg
commonage,(-CA),Aug. 1925,Bothas.n. (PRE).3124(Hanover): 12.6
km from T-junction on Nieuw Bethesda road to Middelburg, (-DC),
Sept. 1990, VanJaarsveld11160(NBG).
—
FREESTATE. 2925(Jagersfontein):FauresmithBotanicalReserve,
(-CB), Aug. 1938,Henrici3158 (PRE); Sept. 1925, PoleEvans 1825
(PRE); Sept. 1925,Smith 404 (PRE); 0.5 km on road from Fauresmith
to Koffiefontein, (-CB), Aug. 1976, Chaplin s.n. (NBG); Aug. 1993,
Duncan367(NBG);Aug. 1976,Lumleys.n. (NBG).
—
EASTERN CAPE. 3125 (Steynsburg): Farm Conway, Middelburg
Dist.,(-CB),Aug.1899,Gilfillans.n.inHerb.Galpin5578(PRE).3225
(SomersetEast):MountainZebraNationalPark,topofBabylon’sTower,
(-AB),Aug. 1963,Liebenberg 7248(PRE).
WESTERN CAPE.—3319 (Worcester): Karoopoort, (-BC), Aug.
1980,KarooNationalBotanicGardensexpeditions.n. (NBG).
Lachenalia perryae G.D. Duncan, sp. nov. distin-
guitur inflorescentia racemosa floribusoblongo-campanu-
latis segmentibus exterioribus perianthii pallide azureis
declinatis,staminibus inclusis, foliosingulari arcuatocon-
duplicato anguste lanceolato infra fasciis perspicuis
viridibus vel magenteis.
—
TYPE. Western Cape, 3319 (Worcester); Karoo Na-
tional Botanic Garden veld reserve, Worcester, (-CB),
Aug. 1985, P.L. Perry s.n. (NBG, holo.l; PRE).
Deciduous, winter-growing geophyte 120-320 mm
high. Bulb globose, 10-20 mm in diam., covered with
darkbrown spongy tunics produced into a short neckter-
minating just below ground level. Leafusually solitary,
occasionally 2, 240-300 x 10-23 mm, arcuate, condupli-
cate, narrowly lanceolate, yellowish green, banded below
with dark green shading to maroon or magenta on the
pale white clasping leafbase. Inflorescence subspicate or
mm
— racemose, lax, few to many-flowered, upto 130 long
FIGURE2. HolotypeofLachenaliakarooica,Chaplins.n. with a very short sterile tip; peduncle slender, suberect,
up to 260 mm long, pale green; pedicels 2-3 mm long;
ers with spreading, exserted stamens, of which the an- bracts ovate to lanceolate, greenish white, 1-2 mm long.
thers are distinctly pale to dark maroon prior to anthe- Flowers patent or slightly cemuous, oblong-campanulate;
sis. The largest number of specimens is recorded from outer perianth segments oblong, very pale blue, 5-6 x 3
the Fauresmith District in the southwestern part ofFree mm, with pale green or brown gibbosities; innerperianth
State, and it is very likely that the plantoccurs through- segmentsobovate,obtuse,7-9x4-5 mm, protrudingwell
out the Great Karoo and much of the Northern Cape; beyondouterperianthsegments,palewhitetowhitishyel-
it is no doubt due to the remote nature of this area and lowwithgreenkeelsandrecurvedtips.Stamensdeclinate;
the inconspicuousness of the flowers that only a small
number of scattered specimens has been recorded. L.
karooica although growing in areas with predominantly
,
summerrainfall,followsthe typicalpatternofwinterrain-
fall growth and summer dormancy characteristic of the
vast majority ofspecies belonging to this genus.
At the Fauresmith site, plants occur singly or in small
groups on south-facing aspects on dolomite outcrops, often
growinginthe shadeofRhusburchelliiSond. ex Engl.Two
other geophytes encountered at this site are the white-flow-
ered Freesia andersoniae L.Bolus and the yellow-flowered
Homeria pallida Baker, both widespread, spring-flowering
geophytes which follow the winter growth cycle.
Materialexamined
—
NORTHERN CAPE. 2824 (Kimberley): between Campbell and
Schmidtsdrif,(-CA),Aug. 1963,Stayners.n. (NBG); FarmWolwefon-
tein,BarklyWest,(-DA),July 1936,Acocks540(PRE).2922(Prieska):
4 Bothalia26,1(1996)
tanical Gardens at Worcester, in recognition of her valu-
able work in collecting and recording the bulbous flora
ofthe Little Karoo.
Diagnosticcharacters
Superficially,L.perryaeisreminiscentoftheveryvari-
ableandwidespreadL. unifoliaJacq.,towhichitisrelated
due to the combination of features of a single narrow,
bandedleaf,patentorslightlycemuous,oblong-campanu-
late flowers with pale blue outer perianth segments and
whitish inner segments, and included stamens. It differs
mainly in leaf morphology, and to a lesser extent, in
pedicel length, flower shape and seed morphology. In L.
unifolia, which never has more than one leaf, the leaf
blade is linear, widening abruptly into a loosely clasping
base. L. perryae, on the other hand, usually has a single
leaf,oroccasionallytwo,withanarrowlylanceolateblade
which does not widen abruptly. Furthermore, the flowers
ofL. perryae have short pedicels no longer than 3 mm,
whereas L. unifolia usually has very long pedicels up to
mm
12 long. Although both these species have oblong-
campanulate flowers, the perianth segmentsofL. unifolia
are usually appreciably longer and the tips of the inner
perianth segments ofL. perryae considerably more flared
than inL. unifolia. In addition, the seed ofL. perryae has
an arillode with a terminal ridge of medium height,
whereas in L. unifolia the arillode is almost obsolete.
Floweringtime:July toSeptember.
Distributionandhabitat
The first specimens ofL. perryae were collected by
Miss W.F. Barker in August 1949 near Robertson in
FIGURE4.—HolotypeofLachenaliaperryae,Perrys.n. trheecorLidtstloefKtahreoos,peacniedsitaries kfnroowmn;thitsherelgairognestthantummboestr
of collections have been made in the veld reserve of
fiinlnearmepnetrsiawnhtihtes,egamsenltosn.gOvasaroyrgvleorbyosesl,igphatlleyglroeenng,er2tmhamn the Karoo National Botanical Garden at Worcester. The
long; style white, 8-10 mm long, protruding well beyond species is currently known from the Worcester District
stamens as ovary ripens. Capsule globose, 5-7 mm long. in the north to Port Beaufort in the south and eastwards
to Albertinia, all in the Western Cape, with one isolated
Smeeeddiugmlobheoisgehtw.iFtihguarnesarIiBl;lod4e&wi5t.h a terminal ridge of rerencorCdapmeu.chItfoucrctuhrerseianstarniedararKeoamsmiandcalgaygaorinsathnedyEassoti-l
amongst succulents, usually on south-facing aspects.
Etymology: L. perryae is named after Miss Pauline Plants occur singly or in small groups, and are locally
Perry, formerly horticulturist at the Karoo National Bo- common in some areas. It is quite a variable species as
—
FIGURE 5. Distribution ofLache-
naliaperryae,•;andL.alba,
