Blackwell's five-minute veterinary consult. Laboratory tests and diagnostic procedures : canine & feline

808 Pages·2009·8.789 MB·English

by  Shelly L. Vaden, Joyce S. Knoll, Francis W.K. Smith, Jr., Larry P. Tilley

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Blackwell’s Five-Minute
Veterinary Consult:
Laboratory Tests and
Diagnostic Procedures:
Canine & Feline
This page intentionally left blank
Blackwell’s Five-Minute
Veterinary Consult:
Laboratory Tests and
Diagnostic Procedures:
Canine & Feline
Shelly L. Vaden
Joyce S. Knoll
Francis W.K. Smith, Jr.
Larry P. Tilley
A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication
Editionfirstpublished2009
(cid:2)C 2009Wiley-Blackwell
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1.Veterinaryclinicalpathology–Laboratorymanuals. I.Vaden,ShellyL. II.Title:Five-minuteveterinaryconsult.Labtestsanddiagnosticprocedures.
III.Title:Labtestsanddiagnosticprocedures.
[DNLM:1.LaboratoryTechniquesandProcedures–Veterinary–Handbooks. 2.AnimalDiseases–Diagnosis–Handbooks.SF772.6B6322008]
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1 2009
Contents
Preface xvii
Acknowledgements xviii
ContributorsList xix
StandardAbbreviations xxvii
GettingtheMostoutofYourDiagnosticLaboratory xxviii
GeneralPrinciplesforPerformingBloodTests xxx
GeneralPrinciplesforPerformingFecalTests xxxii
GeneralPrinciplesforPerformingUrineTests xxxiii
GeneralPrinciplesofEndoscopy xxxv
GeneralPrinciplesofRadiography xxxviii
GeneralPrinciplesofUltrasonography xli
Topic
AbdominalRadiography 2
AbdominalUltrasonography 8
AbdominocentesisandFluidAnalysis 11
AcetylcholineReceptorAntibody 16
Acetylcholinesterase 18
ACTHAssay 20
ACTHStimulationTest 22
ActivatedClottingTime 24
AcutePhaseProteins 26
AdrenalUltrasonography 28
AlanineAminotransferase 32
Albumin 34
AlkalinePhosphatase 36
Allergen-SpecificSerology 38
Alpha-1ProteaseInhibitor 40
AmbulatoryElectrocardiographicMonitoring 42
Ammonia 45
Amylase 48
AngiographyandAngiocardiography 50
AnionGap 54
AnticoagulantProteins 56
AnticoagulantScreen 58
AntinuclearAntibody 60
AqueocentesisandVitreocentesis 62
ArthrocentesiswithSynovialFluidAnalysis 64
Arthroscopy 69
AspartateAminotransferase 72
Babesia 74
BacterialCultureandSensitivity 76
Barium-ImpregnatedPolyethyleneSpheres(BIPS) 79
Bartonella 82
Bence-JonesProteins 85
Bicarbonate 88
BileAcids 91
Bilirubin 94
BladderTumorAnalyte 96
v
vi Contents
Topic
BleedingTime 98
BloodGases 101
BloodPressureDetermination:NoninvasiveandInvasive 104
BloodSampleCollection 107
BloodSmearMicroscopicExamination 109
BloodSmearPreparation 112
BloodTyping 114
BoneBiopsy 117
BoneMarrowAspirateandBiopsy 119
BoneMarrowAspirateCytology:MicroscopicEvaluation 122
BoneScan 126
Brain-StemAuditoryEvokedResponse 129
BrainUltrasonography 132
BronchoalveolarLavage 135
Bronchoscopy 138
BrucellosisSerology 141
BuffyCoatPreparations 144
Calcitriol 146
Calcium 148
CardiacCatheterization 151
Carnitine 160
Catheter-AssistedStoneRetrieval 164
CentralVenousPressure 166
CerebrospinalFluidTap 168
Chloride 172
Cholesterol 174
CoagulationFactors 176
Cobalamin 179
Colonoscopy 182
CompleteBloodCount 185
ComputedTomography 186
ConjunctivalScrapingandCytology 188
Coombs’Test 190
Cortisol 192
Cortisol/CreatinineRatio 194
CreatineKinase 196
Creatinine 198
Crossmatch 200
Cystocentesis 202
CystometryandUrethralPressureMeasurement 205
Cystourethrography 210
Cystourethroscopy 214
D-Dimer 217
DentalRadiography 220
DermatophyteCulture 225
DesmopressinResponseTest 228
Distemper 231
Echocardiography 234
Ehrlichia/Anaplasma 238
Electrocardiography 241
Electroencephalography 245
Electromyography 248
Electroneurography 251
Contents vii
Topic
Electroretinography 254
Epidurography 256
Erythropoietin 258
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy 260
Esophagography 263
Estradiol 266
EthyleneGlycol 268
ExcretoryUrography 270
FecalDirectSmearandCytology 273
FecalElastase 276
FecalFat 278
FecalFlotation 280
FecalOccultBlood 284
FecalSedimentationandBaermannExam 286
FelineCoronavirus 288
FelineImmunodeficiencyVirus 291
FelineLeukemiaVirus 294
Ferritin 297
FibrinDegradationProducts 300
Fibrinogen 303
Fine-NeedleAspiration 306
FluidAnalysis 308
FluoresceinDyeTest 311
Fluoroscopy 314
Folate 316
FoodTrial 318
Fructosamine 320
Gamma-Glutamyltransferase 322
Gastrin 324
GastrointestinalUltrasonography 326
GastroscopicandColonoscopicFood-SensitivityTesting 330
GeneticTesting 333
GiardiaFecalAntigen 336
GingivalSulcusMeasurement 338
Globulins 341
GlomerularFiltrationRate 344
Glucose 347
GlucoseCurve 350
GlycosylatedHemoglobin 353
HeartwormSerology 356
HeinzBodies 358
Hematocrit 360
Hemoglobin 363
HemotrophicMycoplasmas 366
High-DoseDexamethasoneSuppressionTest 368
HorizontalBeamRadiography 370
ImmunoglobulinAssays 373
ImpressionSmear 376
InsulinandInsulin/GlucoseRatio 378
IntradermalTesting 381
IronLevelandTotalIron-BindingCapacity 384
Knott’sTest 386
Lactate 388
viii Contents
Topic
Laparoscopy 390
Lead 394
Leptospira 396
Lipase 399
LiverandGallbladderUltrasonography 402
LiverBiopsy 407
Low-DoseDexamethasoneSuppressionTest 412
LowerGastrointestinalRadiographicContrastStudies 414
LowerUrinaryTractUltrasonography 416
LupusErythematosusCellPreparation 419
LuteinizingHormone 422
LymeDiseaseSerology 424
Lymphangiography 427
Magnesium 430
MagneticResonanceImaging 432
MasticatoryMuscleMyositis(2MAntibodyAssay) 436
Methemoglobin 438
MuscleandNerveBiopsy 440
Myelography 443
NasalFlushandBiopsy 446
NasolacrimalIrrigation 450
NatriureticPeptides 452
OcularUltrasonography 454
Osmolality 457
OsmoticFragility 460
PancreaticLipaseImmunoreactivity 462
PancreaticUltrasonography 464
ParathyroidHormone 467
ParathyroidHormone–RelatedProtein 470
PartialThromboplastinTime,Activated 472
Pericardiocentesis 475
Phosphorus 479
PIVKATest 482
PlateletAntibodyDetection 484
PlateletCountandVolume 486
PlateletFunctionTests 489
Potassium 492
Progesterone 495
ProstaticWash 498
ProteinElectrophoresis 501
ProthrombinTime 504
PulmonaryFunctionTests 506
PulmonaryPerfusionScan 510
PulseOximetry 514
RectalScrapingandCytology 516
RedBloodCellCount 518
RedBloodCellEnzymeActivity 520
RedBloodCellIndices 522
RedBloodCellMorphology 525
Relaxin 530
RenalBiopsyandAspiration 532
RenalUltrasonography 536
ReticulocyteCount 535