Biotreatment of Industrial Effluents

337 Pages·2005·1.76 MB·English

by  Mukesh Doble

Biotreatment of
Industrial Effluents

Biotreatment of
Industrial Effluents
Mukesh Doble
Department of Biotechnology
I.I.T. Madras, Chennai,
India
and
Anil Kumar
Department of Chemistry
Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning
(Deemed University)
Puttaparthi, Ananthapur District, Andhrapradesh,
India
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To my parents
M.D.
To Bhagawan Sri Sathya Sai Baba
A.K.

Contents
Foreword ix
Preface xi
1. Introduction 1
2. EnvironmentalDisasters 11
3. AerobicandAnaerobicBioreactors 19
4. MathematicalModels 39
5. TreatmentofWastefromOrganicChemicalIndustries 55
6. ChlorinatedHydrocarbonsandAromatics,andDioxins 65
7. FluorideRemoval 83
8. BiodegradationofPesticides 89
9. DegradationofPolymers 101
10. DegradationofDyes 111
11. TextileEffluent 123
12. TanneryEffluent 133
13. TreatmentofWastefromMetalProcessingand
ElectrochemicalIndustries 145
14. SemiconductorWasteTreatment 157
vii
viii Contents
15. WastefromNuclearPlants 169
16. CyanideWaste 177
17. TreatmentofWastefromFoodandDairyIndustries 183
18. SugarandDistilleryWaste 189
19. PaperandPulp 197
20. PaintIndustries 209
21. Pharmaceuticals 217
22. HospitalWasteTreatment 225
23. TreatmentofWastefromExplosivesIndustries 233
24. PetroleumHydrocarbonPollution 241
25. Biodesulfurization 255
26. TreatmentofSolidWaste 267
27. TreatmentofMunicipalWaste 275
28. GroundwaterDecontaminationandTreatment 285
29. Denitrification 295
30. GaseousPollutantsandVolatileOrganics 301
Index 313
Foreword
Industrialization has led to growth of manufacturing industries and the
associated waste generated by them. Although green technologies that are
devoidofwastewouldbetheidealsolution,itiscertainthatindustrieswill
continuetogenerateeffluentwellintotheforeseeablefuture.Environmen-
talactivism,stricterlegislation,andimprovedawarenessofenvironmental
issuesonthepartofindustrieshavecollectivelyledtoaseriousefforttoiden-
tifybestsolutionstotheproblemofwastemanagement.Biochemicalmeans
of effluent treatment provide an attractive option that makes use of mild
biological conditions for the treatment of the waste and does not produce
new effluents. Moreover, identification of new microbial systems, includ-
ingextremophiles, hasopenedupnewpossibilitiesforsuchtreatment, and
concerted efforts are being made in industries, academic institutions, and
researchlabsintheareasofbioremediationandbiodegradationofwaste.
Thisbookcoversthetreatmentofeffluentsfrommanufacturingindus-
tries as diverse as chemical and electronic. It also looks at other complex
wastes such as hospital waste. Comparisons are drawn between current
chemical methods and biochemical methods of treatment, including their
economics.Severalofthebiotreatmenttechniquesarestillintheinfantstage
andneedsustainedresearchanddevelopmentbeforetheywillbeacceptedas
viabletechnologyoptions.Thebookalsodiscussessuccinctlythesynergies
betweenvariouseffluenttreatmenttechniques,aparticularlyusefulcontri-
bution.Icomplimenttheauthorsfortheeffortstheyhavemadetobringout
thistimelypublication.
DrPushpitoGhosh
Director,CentralSaltandMarineResearchInstitute
Bhavnagar,Gujarat,India
ix