Biosurfactants for the Biobased Economy

273 Pages·2022·6.013 MB·English

by  Rudolf Hausmann, Marius Henkel

Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology 181
Series Editors: Thomas Scheper · Roland Ulber
Rudolf Hausmann
Marius Henkel Editors
Biosurfactants
for the Biobased
Economy
181
Advances in Biochemical
Engineering/Biotechnology
SeriesEditors
ThomasScheper,Hannover,Germany
RolandUlber,Kaiserslautern,Germany
EditorialBoardMembers
ShimshonBelkin,Jerusalem,Israel
ThomasBley,Dresden,Germany
JörgBohlmann,Vancouver,Canada
ManBockGu,Seoul,Korea(Republicof)
WeiShouHu,Minneapolis,MN,USA
BoMattiasson,Lund,Sweden
LisbethOlsson,Göteborg,Sweden
HaraldSeitz,Potsdam,Germany
AnaCatarinaSilva,Porto,Portugal
An-PingZeng,Hamburg,Germany
Jian-JiangZhong,Shanghai,Minhang,China
WeichangZhou,Shanghai,China
Aims and Scope
This book series reviews current trends in modern biotechnology and biochemical
engineering. Its aim is to cover all aspects of these interdisciplinary disciplines,
whereknowledge,methodsandexpertisearerequiredfromchemistry,biochemistry,
microbiology,molecularbiology,chemicalengineeringandcomputerscience.
Volumesareorganizedtopicallyandprovideacomprehensivediscussionofdevel-
opmentsinthefieldoverthepast3–5years.Theseries alsodiscussesnewdiscov-
eriesandapplications.Specialvolumesarededicatedtoselectedtopicswhichfocus
on new biotechnological products and new processes for their synthesis and
purification.
In general, volumes are edited by well-known guest editors. The series editor and
publisher will, however, always be pleased to receive suggestions and supplemen-
taryinformation.ManuscriptsareacceptedinEnglish.
In references, Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology is abbreviated
asAdv.Biochem.Engin./Biotechnol.andcitedasajournal.
(cid:129)
Rudolf Hausmann Marius Henkel
Editors
Biosurfactants for the
Biobased Economy
With contributions by
(cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1)
S. Albrecht I. M. Banat M. Bechet I. Benneceur
(cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1)
L. Bippus A.-K. Briem A. Burger M. Deleu
(cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1)
R. Hollenbach A. C. R. Hoste P. Jacques S. Kubicki
(cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1)
R. Marchant P. Noll K. Ochsenreither M. Ongena
(cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1)
A. Oraby R. W. M. Pott A. Rigolet S. L. K. W. Roelants
(cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1)
N. Sithole G. Soberón-Chávez W. Soetaert C. Syldatk
(cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1)
A. Théatre S. Thies M. Trindade J. Von Johannides
S. Zibek
Editors
RudolfHausmann MariusHenkel
InstituteofFoodScienceand InstituteofFoodScienceand
Biotechnology Biotechnology
UniversityofHohenheim UniversityofHohenheim
Stuttgart,Germany Stuttgart,Germany
ISSN0724-6145 ISSN1616-8542 (electronic)
AdvancesinBiochemicalEngineering/Biotechnology
ISBN978-3-031-07336-6 ISBN978-3-031-07337-3 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07337-3
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Preface
Biosurfactants represent an interesting group of substances in industrial microbiol-
ogy,whichisincreasinglygainingresearchinterest.Theydonotrepresentauniform
class, but are characterized by their great structural diversity. Structural classes
relevant to a future bioeconomy are glycolipids and lipopeptides, which receive
specialattentioninthisvolume.Assuch,thisvolumefocusesonthesemicrobially
andenzymaticallyproducedbiosurfactantsofindustrialbiotechnology.
Onereasonfortheincreasingresearchinterestinbiosurfactantsistheundeniable
warming of the earth’s climate and the finite nature of fossil resources. In general,
this has led to increased use of renewable raw materials as carbon sources in the
chemicalindustry.Inthiscontext,theslowbutsteadyparadigmshiftinrecentyears
has brought to light the need to replace the substrates previously used for
biosurfactant production, especially glucose and vegetable oils that compete with
food,withnewbioeconomicsubstrates,especiallywoodsugars.
Inaddition,consumerdemandforsustainableandcarbon-neutralproductsisalso
drivingtheneedtoreplacepetrochemicallyproducedchemicalswithbiochemically
producedalternativesbasedonrenewableresources.Alreadytoday,somemicrobial
surfactants, namely the glycolipids, mannosylerythritol lipids, rhamnolipids,
sophorose lipids, and the lipopeptide surfactin are commercially available on an
industrial scale. It is foreseeable that screening and synthetic biology will lead
researchintonewcommerciallyrelevantbiosurfactants,whichwillincludedesigner
biosurfactants.
It is anticipated that bioproduction of microbial surfactants will bring increased
efficiency in the future through metabolic engineering and new bioprocesses to be
developed for in situ product separation, ensuring economic competitiveness in an
increasing number of applications. Biosurfactantsserve these requirements in their
entirety.Surfactants,ingeneral,areamongthehighestvolumechemicalsandtodate
have been produced by petrochemical or oleochemical routes. In both cases, envi-
ronmental andclimate issues are evidentdueto theuseof fossil carbon ortropical
palmoil,respectively.
v
vi Preface
Biosurfactants,however,offeradditionaladvantagesbesidessurfaceactivity.As
a rule, biosurfactants exhibit specific bioactivities against fungi and other agricul-
tural pests. Here, it is important to further explore and implement this potential as
biopesticides.
Inthiscontext,itisofparticularimportancetoscientificallyprovethepresumed
ecological benefits of biosurfactants and make them transparent through well-
established life cycle assessments. So far, however, there is a need for research in
thecreationofthebiotechnologicalandprocessengineeringdatabasis.
Withthevolumepresentedhere,theworld’sleadingexpertsinthevariousfields
ofbiosurfactantresearchpresenttheirviewsonthesubject.Weareverypleasedto
present deep insights into the current and future development of biosurfactant
researchwiththiscollectionofarticles.
Stuttgart,Germany RudolfHausmann
MariusHenkel
Contents
IndustrialPerspectivesfor(Microbial)Biosurfactants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
SophieL.K.W.RoelantsandWimSoetaert
ScreeningStrategiesforBiosurfactantDiscovery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
MarlaTrindade,NombusoSithole,SonjaKubicki,StephanThies,
andAnitaBurger
ParametersInfluencingLipase-CatalyzedGlycolipidSynthesis
by(Trans-)EsterificationReaction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
RebeccaHollenbach,KatrinOchsenreither,andChristophSyldatk
OverviewonGlycosylatedLipidsProducedbyBacteriaandFungi:
Rhamno-,Sophoro-,MannosylerythritolandCellobioseLipids. . . . . . . 73
SusanneZibekandGloriaSoberón-Chávez
Bacillussp.:ARemarkableSourceofBioactiveLipopeptides. . . . . . . . . 123
A.Théatre,A.C.R.Hoste,A.Rigolet,I.Benneceur,M.Bechet,
M.Ongena,M.Deleu,andP.Jacques
AchievingCommercialApplicationsforMicrobialBiosurfactants. . . . . 181
RogerMarchantandIbrahimM.Banat
ProcessDevelopmentinBiosurfactantProduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
RobertW.M.PottandJanisVonJohannides
EnvironmentalImpactsofBiosurfactantsfromaLifeCycle
Perspective:ASystematicLiteratureReview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Ann-KathrinBriem,LarsBippus,AmiraOraby,PhilippNoll,
SusanneZibek,andStefanAlbrecht
vii
AdvBiochemEngBiotechnol(2022)181:1–16
https://doi.org/10.1007/10_2021_175
©SpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2021
Publishedonline:18March2022
Industrial Perspectives for (Microbial)
Biosurfactants
SophieL.K.W.RoelantsandWimSoetaert
Contents
1 Introduction................................................................................... 2
2 Surfactants,Biosurfactants,andMicrobialBiosurfactants.................................. 4
3 TheTrendforBiosurfactants................................................................. 11
4 OpportunitiesandRestraintsfor(Microbal)Bio-surfactants................................ 12
5 AmbitionsoftheAuthors..................................................................... 14
References......................................................................................... 14
Abstract Within the bio-economy, more specifically within the bio-based indus-
tries, biomass feedstock – in contrast to fossil feedstocks in the fossil-based
economy–isconvertedintotheso-calledbio-basedproductssuchasbiosurfactants,
bioplastics, pharmaceuticals, paper, textiles, and biofuels using either chemical or
biological production methods or a combination thereof. In Europe a turnover of
60 billion EUR is associated with bio-based plastics and chemicals such as
biosurfactants, and 40% of the global biosurfactant market turnover is associated
with theEuropean market. The growing useofbio-basedsurfactantsindetergents,
personal care products, and oilfield chemicals is fueling the growth of this market,
which is driven, in many applications, by more stringent regulations and by an
increasing consumer demand for “green and sustainable” products. Microbial
biosurfactants are a biologically produced type of bio-based surfactants which are
quicklyevolvingfromascientificcuriositytoanindustrialreality.
S.L.K.W.Roelants(*)andW.Soetaert
BioBaseEuropePilotPlant,Ghent,Belgium
GhentUniversity,CentreforIndustrialBiotechnologyandBiocatalysis,(InBio.be),Ghent,
Belgium
e-mail:[email protected];[email protected]
2 S.L.K.W.RoelantsandW.Soetaert
GraphicalAbstract
Keywords Biosurfactant, Industry, Innovation, Investments, Market failure,
Microbialbiosurfactant
1 Introduction
Anno 2022, one cannot open a newspaper without reading about global warming,
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, (plastic) waste and pollution, and the imminent
shortage of petroleum in the future. Together this has resulted into a new and
growing movement toward the development of a bio-based economy providing an
alternativeforthefossil-basedeconomy.Thefeedstockusedinthebio-economyis
“biomass,” which – in contrast to fossil feedstocks – is a renewable feedstock
derivedfromlandandsea:i.e.,fromplants,algae,animals,fungi,andmicroorgan-
isms.Withinthebio-economy,morespecificallywithinthebio-basedindustries,this
biomass feedstock is converted into the so-called bio-based products including
biochemicals(e.g.biosurfactants),bioplastics,pharmaceuticals,paper,forest-based
industries, textiles, biofuels, and bioenergy using both chemical and biological
productionmethods.Thepercentageofbio-basedcarboninchemicalsandchemical
products produced in the EU-28 – excluding biodiesel and bioethanol (NACE
division 20) – corresponded to 15% in 2017. Surfactants are a class of chemicals
that fall under the abovementioned category of chemicals and a big portion of the
carbon used to produce surfactants is already derived from biomass (i.e.,
oleochemicals) while about 4% of the globally produced surfactants are fully
bio-based [1]. The bio-economy (see Fig. 1) in the EU-28 was characterized by a
turnover of 2.4 trillion EUR in 2017 of which 20% is associated with the primary
sector producing the biomass feedstock, i.e. agriculture, fishery, forestry, etc. and
50% by its main downstream markets, i.e. the food and beverage industries. The
remaining30%oftheoverallEuropeanturnover(750billionEUR)isgeneratedby
the abovementioned “bio-based industries” of which 60 billion EUR turnover is
associated with bio-based chemicals and plastics under which category bio-based
surfactantsalsofall.