Biorecalcitrant industrial wastewater treatment by integrating

27 Pages·2010·0.66 MB·English

by  Giuseppe Mascolo

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BIORECALCITRANT INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER
TREATMENT BY INTEGRATING ADVANCED
OXIDATION AND BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES
A. Zapataa, I. Ollera, C. Sirtoria, A. Rodríguezb, I. Moscatoc, A.
Massonec, S. Malatoa*
a Plataforma Solar de Almería, Spain
b Albaida Residuos S.L., Spain
c Austep S.r.l., Italy
Neptune and Innowatech End User Conference
January 27th 2010, Congress centre Het Pand Onderbergen, Gent, Belgium
Biodegradable substances:

Biofilter treatment/ activated sludge treatment /MBRs
Non-biodegradable substances can show

Non-toxic / inert behaviour

Acute toxicity

Chronic toxicity
Alternative
treatment
Neptune and Innowatech End User Conference
January 27th 2010, Congress centre Het Pand Onderbergen, Gent, Belgium
Integration of AOPs as part of a treatment train
Biological Treatment
Organic
 Inhibition of bacterial activity
“Clean”
Biorecalcitrant
Effluent
Pollutants  Toxicity effects
Separation Technology
 Pollutants “pass through” the bioreactor
 Generation of a concentrated effluent
 Not able to oAxiddizvea npocleludta nts
 Entails a transference of the problem to
Oxidation
another phase
Processes
Feasible for accelerating the oxidation and destruction of a wide range
of organic contaminants in polluted water
Neptune and Innowatech End User Conference
January 27th 2010, Congress centre Het Pand Onderbergen, Gent, Belgium
Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP)
“near ambient temperature and pressure water treatment
processes which involve the generation of hydroxyl radicals
in sufficient quantity to effective water purification”
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HHyyddrrooggeenn Peroxide 11..3311
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PPeerrmmaannggaannaatte 11..2244
Chlorine dioxide 11..1155
CChhlloorriinnee 11..0000
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Neptune and Innowatech End User Conference
January 27th 2010, Congress centre Het Pand Onderbergen, Gent, Belgium
Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP)
H O /UV Fenton
2 2
H O hν→2OH • Fe2+ + H O → Fe3+ + OH − + OH •
2 2
2 2
TiO /hν/O O / H O
2 2 3 2 2
(Photocatalysis)
+
hν H
TiO → e− + h+ H O ←→ HO− + O → O + HO−
2 2 2 3 2 2
h+ + H O→•OH + H + HO− + O → HO• + O•−
2 3 2 3
2
HO• ⇔ H + + O•−
2 2
Photo-Fenton
O•− + O → O + O•−
hν 2 3 2 3
Fe3+ → Fe2+ + HO•
O•− + H + → HO•
3 3
HO• → HO• + O
3 2
Neptune and Innowatech End User Conference
January 27th 2010, Congress centre Het Pand Onderbergen, Gent, Belgium

AOPs may be used for decontamination of water containing organic
pollutants, classified as bio-recalcitrant, and/or for disinfection
removing current and emerging pathogens.

The overarching goal for the future of reclamation and re-use of water
is to capture water directly from non-traditional sources such as
industrial or municipal wastewaters and restore it.

Futuristic direct re-use systems envisioned involve only two steps: a
single-stage MBR with an immersed nanofiltration membrane, followed
by a photocatalytic reactor to provide an absolute barrier to
pathogens and to destroy organic contaminants that may pass the
nanofiltration barrier.
Science and technology for water purification in the coming decades. Nature, 452,
301-310, 2008.
Nevertheless, technical applications are still scarce. Process costs may
be considered the main obstacle to their commercial application
Neptune and Innowatech End User Conference
January 27th 2010, Congress centre Het Pand Onderbergen, Gent, Belgium
PROMISING COST-CUTTING APPROACHES
 To minimize residence time (i.e. energy) and reagent
consumption in the more expensive AOP stage by applying
an optimized coupling strategy.
 The use of renewable energy sources, i.e., sunlight as the
irradiation source for running the AOP.
 Integration of AOPs as part of a treatment train: Application
of AOPs as a pre-treatment stage to enhance
biodegradability and reduce toxicity followed by
biological post-treatment.
Neptune and Innowatech End User Conference
January 27th 2010, Congress centre Het Pand Onderbergen, Gent, Belgium
Check if WW is potentially treatable Wastewater characterisation + check for
Step 1
by AOP and/ or biotreatment volatility, solubility, pre-liminary kinetic study
Selection of treatment strategy as a Decision if only AOP, AOP-BIO, only BIO or
Step 2
function of wastewater characteristics discharge are the best option
Only if AOP-BIO was chosen as the best
Develop and optimise
Step 3 option. Various AOPs can be tested.
coupling strategy
Process optimisation. Strategy depends on
Step 4 Pilot-plant studies on process kinetics problem and AOP. Various AOPs can be
tested.
Necessary for correct posterior economic
Step 5 Theoretical up-scaling
assessment.
Takes into account investment + O&M costs
Economic study
Step 6 + their variation depending on process scale.
= AOP that solves given problem (defined by
Step 7 Choose best-performing AOP WW characteristic + flowrate) at lowest
price.
Step 8 Final plant design
Neptune and Innowatech End User Conference
January 27th 2010, Congress centre Het Pand Onderbergen, Gent, Belgium
Viability of AOP treatment?
LC-UV
Bioluminescent
TOC
bacteria
LC-IC
COD
Basic Parameters Toxicity
Heteroatoms AOS Degradation of Toxicity Toxicity
release stabilized non-biodegradable stabilized below 50 %
compound/s
Biodegradability
should be evaluated
Optimised AOP-BIO
coupling strategy
Neptune and Innowatech End User Conference
January 27th 2010, Congress centre Het Pand Onderbergen, Gent, Belgium
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Toxicity?
DPs R-COOH CO + H O +XH
2 2
Biodegradability?