Biographical register of the officers

2009·36.4 MB·English

by  Cullum, George Washington

APPLJwooIV
MILITARY HISTORY
SIR]rs
1879
Biographical Register
of the Officers
AfidGnuifM/esoff//eU. S. Milituty
Acade^M)jmm 1H02to 1867
GcorjycWashingtonCullum
APPLEWOOD'S
MILITARYHISTORY
SERIES
Biographical Register of
the Officers
ylndGraduates ofthe U. S. Military
A^cademjfrom 1802 to 1867
GeorgeWashington Cullum
APPLEWOOD BOOKS
Bedford, Massachusetts
Copyrightedmaterial
BiographicalRegisteroftheOfficers
was originallypublished in
1879
ISBN:978-1-4290-2129-6
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NOTICES
OPTOE
lODrcijjIjiccil ^ri]istcr of (l^fficcr^ auti' (iraliuat^s
OFTHE
11. S. MILITARY ACADEMY AT TOT POINT,
FKOM ITS ESTABLISHMENT, iLVECH IG, 1S02, TO THE AEMY REOEGAN-
IZATIOX OF 1SG6-G7.
By BBJGVET MAJOR-GENERAL GEORGE W. OULLUM,
Colonet,CorpsofKiiffineers,UnitedStatesAi^ny.
(ThisBiooBAiincALRegistercorapriscsthofitats doServiceofaUgi'acluatesfrom
thoestnblishineDtoftheMilitarj-Academy, in 1802, to 18C7, inclusive, givingtheir
promotions,stations,commands,warrecords, and civilserviceswhentheyhaveleft
attahfboolielftolrifmstyoio:lfabtohtcetolemmsip,lliecttoaemrybrapctogssi,tslssoiroefogfftsh,tehaecUtnioifotlniesc,deraSetnaodtfesst,khieprrmieinsssehtneitst,uatniiondnw,phawisitcthh; tgahrneaidarulpahhtiasehtseotrhiiaecvsael
pwahretincciepatgcriald;uabteessidweesremuacphpoionttheerdcuasdeeftusl,atnodwhsatattiastrimcaslpirnofmoormtaetdi,ont,heshcoaswuianlgtiefsroomf
service,theirrebellionn-cord,andci\iloccupationsafterleavingthoarmy. Thework,
containingsome2,3(X)bioymphies,ispublishedintwolargeoctavovolumesofnearly
700pogeseach,andprintedfromentirelynewtype,onlinepaper, beinginamountof
mattereqnoltoobout five orsixordinaryoctavovolumes. Thesubscriptionpriceis
$10inclothbinding,or$14inhalfmorocco,fortheentirework.
—
lYomOen. U.S. Grant General-irirOhief.
HEADQDAP.TEE3AbM?OFTHEUNITEDSTATES,)
Washington,D.C,February17,1868. f
MtDea£Geneeal—Ihavereceivedyour"BiographicalRegisteroftheOfficersand
GradaatesoftheUnitedStatesMilitaryAcademy,"whichyonhavedonemethehonor
toforwardformyacceptance. TheworkoughttoshowtotheenemiesoftheMilitary
AcAtlemy,thatiftheyexpecttoharmthe in.stitutionintheminds ofthe Axnerican
people,theymustkeepfrom their viewthe servicesrendered to the countrybyits
gradoates. Yoorbookwillreceivethefavorofallgraduates,except,perhaps,here-
after,fromthosewhoseerecordedagainstthem,"JoinedintheRebellionof1861-66,
againsttheUnitedStates." Thisoughttobeodious.
Withgreatrespect,yourobedientservant,
U.S.Gbaot, Qmeral
1
•
FromLieut-GeneralW. T.Sheitnan.
HeadqtjabtebsMtt.ttabyDivisionofthe!Missoimi,)
DearGeneeaii—IhavereceivedyourkSitn.dLnoouties,ofFeFherburaurayi1y5,ll1t8h6,8.withthetwoJvol-
umesoftheBiogi-aphicalEegisteroftheOfficersandGraduatesoftheU.S.Military
Academy,forwhichIhavewaitedlong. IbeheveIappreciatethevastamountofcare
andlaboryouhavebestowedonthiswork,andfeelcertainyouwillbewellrewarded
foritinthethanksofthetensofthousandsoffamilieswho^villporeoverthesevol-
pcuurhsmeieefnaesacrenyt,d,oaonfnreidcnetdcshasetinhteayrrhteaosir,fndlamryuemcscirotleriddtfieaitdrrsytttheheadecufqcabuacrtitiiretoefhna.ahtipsatrMnooeyrfieneissnstwieoohlfnloaitlghpeerneiotdrfuemcfsaiastinieontdwnhis.el.llaHnwI,oohwwmaevqdemuieucrscietnahiedo,nmymootaruh-ere
necessarywithuswhoholdinourhandsthehvesofsomanypeople,andthehonor
andgoodnameofthecountiyitself?
Ialsoobservethatyoumeetanobjectionbysomepeopleintheearlypartofourcivil
war,whenthemindsofallwerearoused,excited,andapttorunasti-ay. Noneofus
contendthatbecausewegraduatedatWestPoint,wearethelessmen,withallthe
paansdsifoignusi'aesndgiwveeankbneysysoesuoafreoctohnecrlumseinv,ehoanbtlheistopeoni-n,t,antdhatevienntthoecgrriemaet;hbeuatvitnhgecfaaucstes
thatshookournationalfabric,alessproportionofourgraduateswere bUndedand
misledthanofSenatorsandRepresentativesinCongi-ess,ofJudges ofthe Suprem—e
Com-t,orofthecollegeslocatedinthemostrigidlypatriotic spotsofourcountry
YaleandHarvard.
IdonotthinkweclaimthatWestPointcaninfouryearsaccompHshmiraclesand
utterlyremouldthecharacterofitspupils,butithasinthepastandwiQmakeinthe
futm-e,menmoreusefulinthedetailsoflife,morereUableandfaithfultothen-trusts,
whetherprivateorpublic,andmorenationalinthen-attributesandaspirations,than
iajnyyouorthneartisoynsatleMmiloiftaerdyucAactaidoenmyhi.thertotried; andtheseresultsarecheaplyattained
WhilethereissuchunlimitedfreedomtotheexpressionofiDublic opinionasinour
tcioounntcioyn,viwnecemsusmteetxhpaetcatttnhoefwoirdmesetrcpreirtiiocdisomfaonurdhtihsetowiiylwdeassttvhieeAwsca;dbeumtymmyoroebsfeiii--vmal-y
rootedintherespectandgoodopinionofourpeoplethannow,andIhavenofears
butthatitwiUalways receivethegenerousandfosteringcareoftheGovernment.
Inthecourse of ser%'ice I havebeenthrown mostintimately-svithvolunteer
oefxfciecpetrisown,horehgaredtnteodttrheacteitvheejd'thhaedandovtanetnajgoeyeodf,tihneeWarelsytliPfoe,intthecomuirnsuete;bauntdaUs,yswtietmhaotuitc
instructioniutheelementsofthemilitaryprofession,whichtheyrealizedwerebetter
taughtatWestPoiatthanatanyotherinstitutionofourcountry.
Insteadofleamiugthesamethingswiththeaidofbooks,theyhadtolearnthemin
camp,sometimesattheexpenseofvaluablelives.
Knowingtheintenseinterestyou take in thissubject,Iassureyouofmyardent
sympathyandbestwishesforyourenth-esuccess.
Withgi-eatrespect,
W.T.SHEBimj,Lieutenant-General'..
FromMajor-GeneralGeorgeH. Thomas.
Louisville,Kt.,February17,1868.
My Deab Geotseal—I yesterday received, per Adams' Express, the copyofthe
RegisteroftheOfficersandGraduatesoftheU.S.MihtaryAcademy,whichyouwere
sokindastosendme,forwhichIbegyoutoacceptmysincerethanks.
Asidefi-omitsvaluetothegraduatesoftheMilitaryAcademy,ascontainingacon-
densedandrehablesummaiyoftheirmilitaryand ci^'il history after gi-aduating,it
mustbeasourceofjustiDridetothemtoseethererecordedinclisj)utableevidenceof
asmuchloyaltyamongthealumniofourAlmaMaterascanbemetwithamongany
otherclassofAmericancitizens.
Iventureunhesitatiuglyto say,also,thatno otherinstitution oflearning in the
countiyhascontributedmoretotheadvancementofscienceandLiteraturethanthe
MilitaryAcademyatWestPoint.
Iam,verytrulyyours,
Geo. H. Thomas,Major-GeneralXT.S. A.
2
JVo?nadistinguishedOfficerofVolunteers.
—
MtDeak Gentikal la.acknowledgingacopj'ofj'ourEegisterto-daj' received, I
ctuarkesotrhyeelxiabmeritnyattioosnajo'fhiotwsmmouscthlacubroiroiioTussidnesttairlusc,tionIaanmdrpelmeiansudreedIofhatvheefexopurnedssiivne,a
sternsilenceofthevacantplace onthewaU, onceoccupiedbythe pictureofMarino
FalieroamongtheDogesofVenice, whenIlookatyoiirshortfinal recordofsuch
graduatesasJeftersonDavisandRobertE.Lee. It seems to meveryfelicitousto
leavethemandalltheirbarren honorswithoutawordofmention,whentheysevered
theirconnectionwithaninstitutionwhich has been thesplendidmnse—jjroisidiumet
decus—ofNationalLifeandLoyaltj'. Itisgrand.
Your preface meets mywarm sympathy. As a volunteerit was mylot to serve
under,with,andovergraduatesofWestPoint. Ifeltthegreatdelicacyofcommand-
ing men bred to "^emetier des amies"withoiitoftendingtheirself-loveormyown.
AnAitisapleasantmemorj-to methatmywarmestfriendshipswerewithregulars,
gtrruaed,ualotyeasl,chainefdlywh;oalne-dsoIuhlaevdesoefrtveincesaoifdtthhoasteImweans,wihnoevkenreywdustoj%mupecrhfebcettltyesrutrheaonfmtyh-e
wsehlifchw,heitnheetr'emrjy/'ionrsdtearncsewoefremycoerxrepcetrieennocuegihntsoerj\udsctei,fyItrheecerievaedd}.'aMndyegnreartgiettuidcestouptphoerste
gacaantUdealnymtycmognercnaetaielsf'eugdllahedoswttoemefmuincfdhoertvtheehnyetmchoiuaslllpd—rtitevhaatocehseemxwep,hroetshstaiatounIg.hotugmIhohtominunocrmehydapanondsditthfieoolsntetfoowrhkotnhodewelm—i-;
hasleftmewithamostfraternalloveformanyindividuals,andthehighestregardand
respectforthejililitaiyAcademyasafaithful,essentialbulwarkofoursafety.
FromaGraduateofHarvardCollege.
Gent:i;al— .... Althoughastranger,permitmetoexpresstheobligationswhich
everycitizenshouldfeelforthismostvaluableandimportantcontributiontothehistory
tohfatnheyonauteiovnen;aarnedwiitlslipnrgeptaoraaltlioown.musthaveinvolvedamuchgreateramountoflabor
Thedefenceof"WestPointinyourintroductionwillbeofgreatvalue,andyetitis
rathermelancholytothinkthatanywordofdefenceisJieeded,whenthewholecountrj%
andevenotirheavens, arecovered^^'ithmonumentsofitsscientificattainmentsand
acliievements,andwhilethepathsofthedeadarebuttoo thicldystrewedwdth those
othersadmonumentswhichspeakofpatriotism,heroism,andfaithfulendeavor.
heaBruttsyaonudrupnadgeerssthaanvdeinagreofcoarlldtohfisthgeenHevriantgi,onw—hiicfhwemuexsctepetndamebairtitohuesAdceacdleaimmycrtsoatnhde
pwoilliltiecxaclusdeemmaegoigfuIetsa;keanthdefhorbetrhteysoefrvitcheuswheixpcrhesysoiunghamvyegdroanteeftuoltahcekbnoowdlyepdoglimteinc,tsy.ou
F)'OmtheIsoiihAmericanEeview.
GeneeaxCulltoihasfinallypublishedhislong-expectedRevisedRegisterofWest
PointGraduates. Itisabookindispensable toevciyonewho studies the mihtary
historyorestabUshmentoftheRepublic;butitskeenestinterestisforthosewhoareits
subject Itgivesconcisely,butfullyandaccurately,theleading eventsinthelifeof
eachgraduate,fromtheopeningoftheAcademytothereorganizationofthearmy,in
1866;andthesimplerecordofeftbrts,triumphs,andtragediesisthemoreaffectingto
thesurvivorsfromtheclosetieswithwhichtheAcademyhasboundtogethertheReg-
ularArmy. Anespritdecorps,unknowntoanyothercollegeinthecountrj',iscreated
bytheverynatureandregulationsoftheinstitution. Cadetsjustemergingfromboy-
hoodareseparatedfromtheirhomesandfromtheworldforfouryears. Foramends,
theyareboundtogetherbyconstantintercourseandasystematicemulationinstudies,
arts,exercises,andamusements. Theyarein constantandfamiliarassociationwith
lwohcialcihtietsheainrdoswcneneesxpflaomitosusarienCtaodebtetardaddeidti,o—nbfoorththfeordemeidnsgotfhtrhoeuigrhi^trheedierceslsiovress,atno
exhatistlessthemefor thenightwatchesinthesteamingjunglesoftheEvergladesor
theicymountains ofOregon. And towliatevcrpost an officermaygo, howillbo
welcomedbythosewhoknowhimiutimatelj',atleastbyreputation,andwithwhom
habosohlausteadetshpooutsiasnmdocfoWmemsotnPoiinntte,resptasr.tysIpsiorliattirounnsmahgignhi,fiaensdtrfiofrleste;naynedarisnbetfhoerelittthleo
war,theCadetstooksidesintheirviolentpoliticaldisputes,almosttoaman,asthey
m•Eweeebsresellatifootendri;wsacarunsdssddoaivsveirtdheetdnh,,eiirnaflthieafreshotrhetihnedidspepeautrthfe,o.ioTCQnaadntechteeshowafordut-lhfdeoiruqguhhiotertbslaeytstflaeaU-tfiicenalvdaasnho-dfymtdhia-eirlclg,rhesoat,ot
duringthewar,onoursideatleast,aftertheprisonerswerebroughtin,itwasnorare
sighttofindaRebelasmuchathomeinthecampofsomeformerroom-mateorcom-
rade,asthoughfor thetimeeveryprincipleofthe "littleunpleasantness"wasfor-
gnootttheinn,gabnudttthheeodldinsgpyrniRceebuenlifgorr-may,wmoarse.tfraamnislfioarrmteod,thaenmdbortehprtehsaenntaendy'toothtehr.eir eyes
Thisfreemasonryseemsanobnoxiousexclusivenesstosomeunreasonableopponents
whoignoreitsadvantages. Itisprobablyoneofthecausesoftheviolentandunjust
attackstowhichtheAcademyisso oftensubject. ThePrefaceofGeneralCullum's
Registergivesandsuggestsfactswhichshoulddisarmsuchassailants,andwhichare
invaluablefor the defence madeby itsfiiends, andfor candidinquirers after the
truth.
In thefirstyears of the latewar, manyundeservedreproacheswerethrown out
againsttheAcademyforfailingtoaccompUshimpossibiUties,andthecountryseemed
igrgenaotracntomomfatnhdeefrasm,ihaabirliptryi,nckinpolew,leodfgew,hiacnhdGeexnpeerrailenCcuel—luamUhtehrreeer—eamriendesssuesn,titalh.atfIonr
1861therewasnomilitaryexperienceinthecountryatallproportionedtothelieces-
swahioyssecatlaestoefshopaedraitmipoenlsl;edthtehreemwatso,seneokdWoeusbtt,Pomionrt,etmhialnitaarmyonabgiUtthyesaammoengnutmhbeemreinn
uciavtiels.lifeU;nadnedrmtihleistearcyirkcnuomwslteandcgees,waistwcoounlfdinseedetmottohehaRveegubleaernAclremarywahnedretooutrhelegardaedr-s
shouldhave beensoughtexclusively atthe outset. Theassembled wisdom ofthe
nationthoughtdifferently,anditisaninstructivestudytocomparetheplacesheldby
politicalgeneralsintheUnionArmyearlyinthewarwiththeresultstheyhadaccom-
plishedatitsclose. GeneralCullum,withthemodestyofaveteran,doesnotreferto
tthhiesR;egbuultarthAei'AmrymaytRtheegiesntedroifbtrh1e86wa6rs,haowUsb,utthaotn,eowfetrheegrsaedvueantteesenofgeWneesrtalPooifnfitc;erasnodf
withoutdetractingfromGeneralTerry'sglory,itisjusttosaythathispromotionwas
ratherdue-totheenthusiasmforonevaluablevictoi-ythanforwell-estabUshedgeneral-
ship,andthatthisvictorywasofthestraightforwardsortthat dependsmoreonthe
bodyoftroopsthanontheirhead.
Butwar,ifanexpensive,isalsoathoroughschool,andtheknowledgeandexperi-
ence gained in the Rebellionwere so great in proportion, that they were rapidly
adensdtrboyyitnhgetehnedaodfvtahnetawgaer,inletahdeesres,rewshpeetchtserbeVfoolruentheeelrdobryRergeuglualra,rlwyeerdeucfaasttedfalsloilndgieirnsto;
theplacestheirabilityentitledthemto.
ItistruemanyWestPointcommandersfailed,evenwherethiswasnotduetotheir
supportersorto circumstances. ThisisonlyallowingthataU didnotpossess the
threerequisitesthathavebeenmentioned. ButitmustberememberedthattheCon-
federacyadvanceditsWestPointgraduatesmuchmoresystematicallythanwedid,
andthatmanyadefeatfortheUnionwasstillasuccess,thoughonthewi'ongside,for
WestPoint.
Thisleadsus to speakoftheloyaltyofWestPointgraduates. Itisacommon
notionthattheywereunder peculiar obligationsto the UnitedStates Government.
ThismistakeiswellexposedbyGeneralCullum,whoarguesunanswerablythatthey
wheasrepredouvceadttehdebeyctohneomcoyuonftrtyhefoArciatdsebmeyne,fietv,enanidnndooltlfaorrstahnedirceonwtns.;aTnhdisthiastctlheaerefvreonmt
aafvteirewgrwahdiucahtintgh.eaIutnhotrhesoenlfyouhrinytesarast,.moEsvteroyfCtahdeemt—isalleitdhiossteeditnostsaefri'vecofropusr—yheaavres
responsibilitiesandperformdutiesthatincommerciallifewouldcommandpayenough
higherthantheyreceivetoamplycompensateforthe costoftheireducation. Itis
difficulttoseethatthecrimeofaSoutherngraduate,inrebelling,isanygreaterthan
thatofanyothergovernmentofficial.
ButarewenotassumingaHttletoomuchintakingthedisloyaltyofWestPointfor
granted? Oneofthesaddestexperiencesofthewarwastheobservationofthedeep-
seated, firm convictionin the minds of manyof the most high-minded, rehgious
Southernmenandwomen,andgrowingfromtheirfirstconsciousnessinthemindsof
theirchildren,thattheir causewasarighteous one,andthattheywereresistingan
muthnuyhcoohlfyctowhmeafrSooroutftfihonervraonsuiwroonsmi;dee,onniwemimotfehdttihhaeetempeloenra,sf—auntteuervsee,tnwsmiaogsrhtetshgaitennoeafratglheenaenarcdatlievfevf,iieccwio,erndtbiuattlhwasinytmwhpioatu-ht
us. Thequestionwasnotbroughthometous,anditishardforustoformanideaof
thestreiigth and suffering requiredforakindly,light-minded man to give up the
dearesttiesofearthforapointofabstractmoralityenvelopedinathickcloudofcasu-
istry,andtobecomeareproachandanoutcastinthelandofhisfathers. Ifthosewho
pfraaiilseed,—inatnhdisintesrtefdeerseenrcveetocetnhseusre,e,GecenretraailnlCyntlhUoismegwihveossutsofoadctist;adnedserfivgeurneosocfowmhmiocnh
Wes"IttPiosi\nmtfmoratyunwaetlellbyetrpureoutdh.atmHaensyayfsor:gottheflagunderwhichtheywereeducated,
tofollowfalsegods. Butwhowere theleadersofthis treason,but the honored an—d
trustedintheland,filling,orwhohadfilled,thehighestplacesinthegovernment,
Senators, Eepresentatives, Members of tho Cabinet, Foreign Ministers, Judges of
UnitedStatesCourts,andeven thosewho hadbeenelectedbythepeopletofillthe
highestofficesintheirgift? Wasitthenagreatercrimeforgraduatesofournational
Academytoforsake then-countrythanforthehighestofficialsineverybranchofthe
government,executive,legislative,andjudicial,who,fromthesecedingStates,almost
to"ftBmuatn,letjouisneedxatmheinEeebtehlissRteabnedlalrido?nEecordalittlemoreclosely. Intheexecutive
departmentfourpresidentswerelivingwhensecessionbegan. Ofthese,theonlySouth-
wehrinelrejthoeinoetdhetrhse,Eceerbtealisnl;y,awneotrheenrodtiodvtehre-dceomuonntsrtyramtoirveeihnatrhmeirtheafnl:barntsatvoopwreedseervneemtyhe;
Union. BelongingtothebenchoftheSupremeCoiu'ttherewerefourSouthernJudges,
ofwhomtworemainedloyal,onewas stronglysympatheticwith the South,andone
joined theEebels. The SouthernJudgesofthe'UnitedStatesDistrict;Courtssided
withtheirownpeople. OftheSenatorsinCongressfromthesecedingStates,butone,
andoftheHouseofEepresentatives,butthree,remainedloyal. Nearlyalltheagentsof
theState,Treasury, Interior, and Post-Office Departments, residinginorfrom the
secedingStates,espousedtheEobclcause Ofthoseappointedinthearmy
fromcivillife,nearlyoneha{f.whilebutalittleoveronefifthoftheWestPointofficers
lefttheserviceandjoinedinthoEebellion
"ThestatisticsshowthattheWestPointpartofthearmyhasbeenbyfarthemost
rllsitoevrymeiasapl,iesnmbeo;rdraanenfcdathihtiahnofnfutlohtne;hebettahhtpiatrutldbe,losinafcenordshteaphrlrefnocbUoeanfbi;lotyhnto,hosanettehfahnrtaoefuao,rrneltwyfheierffteoShuowoirofTtufthinhfdotshestsedo,oeodfnafgniiadtrgsmetdhgberylaasdtiuuhdreavdtisoevtwoaonrrfssftiahcceenairndrs
pointwithmanlypride to their services here recorded for the preservationofthe
nation."
With thesefactsstated, theAcademyneedsno eulogy,and can securelyresther
honoronherloyalchildren,andherefficiencyonherturbulentchildrenaswell.
Thebookinrespecttotasteandexecutionisadmirable. Itdoesuot stoop to jDre-
servethefameofmisdirectedvalor,andtlie onlynoticeofthemosteminentEebels
afterleavingourservice,asthoughwhentheylosttheirhonortheyhadlosttheirlives
%vithit,is,thatthey"joinedintheEebellionof18G1-GG,against"^tlieUnitedStates,"
withthedateandplaceoftheirdeath,when known. Thelaborofcompilationand
hicnoarpwrpaeryc,t;iaoannnddwaatshneeiwrmemsiulellnutssitesra;atitnohneewofahrtorhnaeonrcgleiamniemnspteoaficsethsetionignuisltastriltajuu'ttihoconorn,hveeanhdi-eeefnaetdn,ydsss.oj'dsitesmtaitnigcu,isahnedd
FromtheNewYorkReraJd.
"Aftermanyyearsofperseveringtoil,"saj'sthe.author, "Ipresentto mybrother
graduatesoftheMilitaryAcademy,thisrecordoftheirservices, honorable to them-
selves,givingworldreno\vntothen-AlmaPlater,andclaimingfortheircountryaplace
inthefirstrankofmilitarynations."
Thiswork^villnotbeconsideredbythepublicinthelightinwhichitsauthormod-
etsatrlyyArceagdaerdmsy.it,aIstihsavaicnogntitrsibcuhtiieofnitnotetrheesthiinsttohreycoifrctlheeocfotuhnetrgyr,adaunadtejsusftronmowthweilMlilbie-
moreespeciallyregardedasacontributiontothehistoryofthewar. Itishardlypos-
fsoibrlme,taovoavsetraemsotiumnatteofitsinvfaolrumeaitniotnhiosfraegkaridn.d'alIwtacyosntdaiifnfsic,ulwteltlodobitgaeisnt,ediiunascmyculcohpcacsdiict
isinsogreatadegreepersonal. Itcomprisesinitstwovolumesofoversishundred
pageseach, "TheEtatsdeService" ofallgi-aduatesfromtheestablishmentof tho
piginrlrsieaAthsdniteutdanaurtttyiteaohAsnenc,sdhaewadpive"ateEmshttypa,;tathrisaetninidrc1ei8ahp0lSia2pes,thrteavotdbrioeic;tteesih,bce"e;asp2lia,rd-ete5fsa0sube0llnlmietunlotcinfsihutmamoelobflt;ehtbraeah,rtectuoltmsemhiespo,lfluiuectgltaohaermynbnradopettogssist,sbtatisteaiorcsogttfroiiafcotpanthlhshei,ieeUus&foncfoi.fint,innceaeitdtrnhsieSowtouaohf.trietdcshi,h-e
narysenseofthe term,nevertheless contain theprominentfactsofeachindividual's
militaryorpubliclife. Theyaretheprotractedcreationsofalifetime,anddouot
comeinthecategoryofthenumerouseasily-writtennarrationsandso-calledhistories
5
;
oftheeventsofourgreatcivilwar,withwhichthepressteems,and,moreover,they
demandhabits ofmind,intellectual qualifications,andtasteswhich arerarelycom-
bined.
When, however, suchaworkdoesatrare intervals appear,itatonce becomesa
necessity. Nohistoriancanwi-ite,nostudentcanreadorstudyhiscountry'shistory
waintyhoounteiwt,hwohihlaestboehcbormaerieasc,qupauibnhtecdawnidthprtihveatec,hairtabcetecromoefsthaissiwnoerqkuaannodn.feeNlsorinwtoeruelsdt
inthecivilormilitarycareerofanyoneoftheAcademy'sgraduates,orwouldhavea
remembranceoftheeventsofourvariousstruggleswithforeignpowersorofthoseof
thatmomentousoneforournationalexistence,willinglybewithoutthesevolumes.
Theprefacetotheworksetsforthinbrieftheimportanceofmilitaryeducation. It
seemsstrangethatitcouldbenecessarytoarguesuchapoint,thatwe couldexpect
individualsornationstoexcelinthemostdifficultofallartswithoutthestudyand
practicewhicheveryotherart,orscience,orcalUugdemandsforitsperfectexercise.
Yetwecannotignorethefactthattherearethosewhodepreciatemilitaiyeducation,
andbythephrase "heaven-borngenerals,"wouldunderstandmenwho,fromthebar
ortheplough,passatoncetothesuccessfulcommandofarmies. Suchanomaliesare
neverpresented. Cromwell,indeed,hadlittleeducationofanykindwhenheentered
publiclife,butitrequiredyearsofthesternteachingsofactualwarfaretomakehim
thegreatsoldierhebecame. Greatsoldierashewas,hebecameyetgreaterasastates-
man,andthat,too,inthesameschoolofactualpracticeintheartofstatesmanship.
Theargumentsagainsteducationwouldinhiscasebeasstrong,therefore,asapplied
toitsuseformakingstatesmen,assoldiers.
Many,however,admitthenecessityofmilitaryeducationwhiledenouncingtheMil-
itaryAcademyasameanstothatend.
AgainsttheaspersionsofsuchitisthefeatureofGeneralCuUum'sworkthatitfur-
nishessorichmaterialsforitsvindication. ToshowinghowtheAcademyhasbeen
notonlythemeansofgivingusanaccomplishedbodyofofficersforourarmy,butalso
ofraisingthestandardofscientificeducationinallthecollegesoftheland,andof
stimulatingthedevelopmentofworksofcivilengineeringandinternalimprovements,
byfurnishingthecountrywithablecivilengineers,aportionoftheprefaceisdevoted
and wethinkhisstatements,foundedastheyareuponthe carefullycollectedfacts
whichthebookrecords,mustbeconvincingtoallwhoarenotprejudicedbeyondthe
poweroftruthtoconvince.
Theauthorisnotlessearnestandfullindealingwithchargesof"disloyaltj'." He
provesthatthemostloyalbranchofthepublicservice,whenlookedatasawhole,was
thatmainlyconstitutedbytheAcademyanditsgraduates.
Inthebriefspacewecandevotetothesubject,wecanbutindicateitsmainfeatures,
andexjDressourconvictionoftheconscientiousfidehtyvnthwhichtheauthorhaselab-
oratedhiswork,andofthej)eculiarvalueofthatworktothecountry,whichshouldbe
themoregratefultotheauthor,sincegratitudemustbetakenbyhiminpartpayment,
forthesaleofsuchbooksseemsnecessarilyrestricted.
FromtheBostonWaichmmiandReflector.
Thesetwovolumesofthirteenhundredpages areamonumentofGeneralCuUum's
reverenceforhisAlmaMater,andofthepatientindustrywithwhichhehasransacked
archives,examinedtonsofmanuscripts,andwrittenthousandsofletterstocollectand
condensethe'summariesoftheservicesofthegraduatesoftheMilitai-yAcademy. The
workcontainsthe"StatisticsrelatingtotheGraduates;"arecordofthe"Battlesand
CombatsfoughtbytheUnitedStatesArmiessincetheestablishmentoftheAcademy;"
ahstofthe"Forts,Arsenals,andMihtaryPostsoftheUnitedStates;"a"Registerof
theOfficersoftheAcademj'-,"oftheir"ServicesandPromotions," anda"Registerof
theGradiiates"fromitsestablishmentuntil1867. Theaccuracyandcompletenessof
theworkwillrenderitserviceabletothehistorian,whileitsbriefbutfrequentnaiTation
ofserviceswillservetocorrecttheprejudice againsttheAcademywhichsostrangely
exists. Whileonehalfoftheofficersappointedinthearmyfrom'civillifejoinedthe
rebellion,butalittleoveronefifthoftheWestPointgraduates desertedtheirflagto
serveinthe ranks ofsecession. Onehalfoftheofficersappointedfrom the South
tahdehierrleidvets,otohneehUanlifowne;reonweoufinfdthedo,faalnldthtohseesgurravdivuoartsesmaej'n^gaagnesdweirnhtohsetiwlaercrliatiidcidsomwonf
theirAlma Materbypointingwith manlyprideto theservices recordedinthesevol-
umes. GeneralCullumsaysthat "theentirecostofeducatingthewholeoftheseced-
inggraduates,inmoney,wasnotmorethanwassavedbythemilitaryknowledgeofits
(WestPoint's)loyalgraduatesoneverydayoftherebellion."
D'orntheNewYorkTimes.
TheBeeches,Monday,March9,1868.
Ishoulddoinjusticetomyo\msenseofitsvalue,andto theextraordinarypains
GeneralCuUnmhastakeninitspreparation,ifIdidnotnotice,inwhattermsoffavor
Icould,theBiographicalKegisteroftheOfficersandGraduatesofthe UnitedStates
MilitaryAcademy. Inmjopinion,nomorevaluablematerialforhistoryexistsinthis
country. The triennialcatalogiiesofoiu- collegesutterlyfailinthatforwhichthey
mightbemadeofincalculablevalue. Thisisinshowingwhatthegraduatesofcolleges
havedone. Theydoshowwhenagraduatehas becomeaclergyman,andwhenone
gnootthainngA.ofM.w,haDt.tDh.e,j'ohraLvLe.doDn.e;.buMtetnhisgesthDo.wsD.v'esraynldittLlLe.ofD.wh'saotfttehneywhreeanllythaerey,haanvde
doneverylittleto deserve them. An LL.D.,in itstrue sense,is adistinctionfor
greatlearning,butwhenourcollegesgivesuchadegreetoamanforfightingbattles,
itisjustasif"WestPointconferredD.D.'sforthesamething. Eventheuniversities
ofEnglandhavegottogi^'iuglearnedtitlesjustastheGermanprincesconferthetitle
ofBaron,marketouvert. Forthisreasonthecataloguesofcolleges,liketheWestPoint
Eegistei-,shouldtellwhatthegraduateshavedone,whattheyhavelivedfor,whatthey
haveshowntojustifyaliberaleducation.
Inthisrespect,Gen.Cirllum'sEegisterofWestPointisinvaluable. Ifanyonehas
gotanythingtosayagainstWestPoint,lethim takeup thatRegister,andsayit,but
sayit^\iththisrollofhardwork,ofhonorableservice,andofgreatperfoi'mancebefore
him. Iundertaketosaythat,talcingtheaverageoftheiryearsandopportunitiesinto
view,the'2,200graduatesofWestPointhave done more solidwork thananyequal
numberofanyprofession.
tmhaaSdtoewmaebrypisemraesrnocnehsnaonmitamsyouassnadyevtiplho.altititGchrieaannwsto.ritkT;hfboeurtwEmhaiislctihtIanitdyhiemayeCanroemdopeadnnuocytamt(eaadkceioswmaaprn.aneyvWiloafrwsomreakrr-e;
cahnadntsso)ldmieardseomnotrheewfaacresoafndthceaeuasretdh.morAendblmooordeshtehdanthhaanlfauojf'emqouadlenmumwabresrhoafvoeffbiceeei'nS
causedbywhatiscalledaggressiononcommerce. Andeventheprofessedministers
ofthechiirch,thebrilliantpriestswhofigiu'edasthestatesmenofthemiddleages,and
ofBourbonsandStuarts,mademorewarsthananygeneralsofthearmy. Warisnot
thedesire,buttoconductwaristhebiisinessofeducatedsoldiers. Aslongasavarice
andambitionmakewarabusinessamongmanlcind,theremustbemeneducatedtoit.
Thatneedsnoargument.
AgraverchargehasbeenmadeagainstWestPoint,thatitisimmoralandirreligious.
Thelatesteditionofthischargeisinaletter,professedlyfromsomeunfledgedcadetto
apaperinChicago,andsubsequentlyquotediuCongress. Now,supposethiswasactu-
allytrue,isitnotequallytrueofeverycollegeintheland? Itisahighcomplimentto
WestPointtoexpectitsyoungmentobeperfectwhenitisnotexpectedofanycollege
in the country. Iundertaketosay,withoutfearofcontradiction,thatthereismore
restraintandlesstemptation todissipation at WestPointthan there is atHarvard,
Yale,orPrinceton. WhatrestraintisthereatHarvardorYale to'preventdissipation
oriramoraUtyamongyoungmentoanyextent? WoulditbedifficulttofindHarvard
studentsingrossdissipation? WoulditbedifficulttofindYalestudentswherethe
lawsofthecollegeforbidthemtogo? Ontheotherhand,itisbarelypossibleforthe
cadetsatWestPointtoescapeatnightandengagein someimmorality. Thisispos-
sible,butitisnotcommonanditisnoteasy. Thewhole establishmentand grounds
boeultownagrdtotetmhpetGatoivoenrsnsmmeanltl.; tThheedipscuibpUlicneseisrvsitcreisctofanrdelimgoisontarriegidplryopeenrfloyrcaetdt,eandneddtthoe,
andthereisacadet'sprayermeetingonceaweekforthosewhoarereligiouslyinclined.
Thechaplainstands toWestPointin thesamerelation thattheProfessorofMoral
PhilosophyandEthicsdoestothe colleges. He coulddosomethingmoreifhewas
entirelyrelieved(asheoughttobe)fi-omthedutiesofaprofessorship. Iknewachap-
lainatWestPointtodosomethingIhavenotseentheprofessorsincollegesdo. The
corps ofcadetsweredra^^•nup atsum-ise each morningofthespring,in ahoUow
square,andinthecentreofthatsquarethepiousandamiablechaplainkneltdownon
theyetwetgrassand offeredupworship and service to thelivingGod. I amnot
awarethatthechaplainsofcollegesdomuchbetterthanthat. Butthereisinsome
thingsanairofreligionaboutcolleges7iotseenatWestPoint. Why? Mainlybecause
alargenumberofyoungmengotocollegesfortheexpresspurposeofbeingeducated
faonrdtehaernmeisntiisntiryel;igainodu,sodufticeosi.n-sc,therearealargemimbertherewlioaremorerigid
OnegreatwronghascreptintoWestPoint,whichisinimitationofcollegepractices,
calledhazing. I am toldit is nearlydoneawaywith. Anyinstitutionwill loseby
permittingthatpractice. Fortheoldercadetsorstudentstoimposeupontheyoung