Table Of ContentBioethics
BLACKWELL PHILOSOPHY ANTHOLOGIES
Each volume in this outstanding series provides an authoritative and comprehensive collection of the essential
primary readings from philosophy’s main fields of study. Designed to complement the Blackwell Companions to
Philosophy series, each volume represents an unparalleled resource in its own right, and will provide the ideal
platform for course use.
1 Cottingham: Western Philosophy: An Anthology (second edition)
2 Cahoone: From Modernism to Postmodernism: An Anthology (expanded second edition)
3 LaFollette: Ethics in Practice: An Anthology (third edition)
4 Goodin and Pettit: Contemporary Political Philosophy: An Anthology (second edition)
5 Eze: African Philosophy: An Anthology
6 McNeill and Feldman: Continental Philosophy: An Anthology
7 Kim and Sosa: Metaphysics: An Anthology
8 Lycan and Prinz: Mind and Cognition: An Anthology (third edition)
9 Kuhse and Singer: Bioethics: An Anthology (second edition)
10 Cummins and Cummins: Minds, Brains, and Computers – The Foundations of Cognitive Science: An Anthology
11 Sosa, Kim, Fantl, and McGrath Epistemology: An Anthology (second edition)
12 Kearney and Rasmussen: Continental Aesthetics – Romanticism to Postmodernism: An Anthology
13 Martinich and Sosa: Analytic Philosophy: An Anthology
14 Jacquette: Philosophy of Logic: An Anthology
15 Jacquette: Philosophy of Mathematics: An Anthology
16 Harris, Pratt, and Waters: American Philosophies: An Anthology
17 Emmanuel and Goold: Modern Philosophy – From Descartes to Nietzsche: An Anthology
18 Scharff and Dusek: Philosophy of Technology – The Technological Condition: An Anthology
19 Light and Rolston: Environmental Ethics: An Anthology
20 Taliaferro and Griffiths: Philosophy of Religion: An Anthology
21 Lamarque and Olsen: Aesthetics and the Philosophy of Art – The Analytic Tradition: An Anthology
22 John and Lopes: Philosophy of Literature – Contemporary and Classic Readings: An Anthology
23 Cudd and Andreasen: Feminist Theory: A Philosophical Anthology
24 Carroll and Choi: Philosophy of Film and Motion Pictures: An Anthology
25 Lange: Philosophy of Science: An Anthology
26 Shafer‐Landau and Cuneo: Foundations of Ethics: An Anthology
27 Curren: Philosophy of Education: An Anthology
28 Shafer‐Landau: Ethical Theory: An Anthology
29 Cahn and Meskin: Aesthetics: A Comprehensive Anthology
30 McGrew, Alspector‐Kelly and Allhoff: The Philosophy of Science: An Historical Anthology
31 May: Philosophy of Law: Classic and Contemporary Readings
32 Rosenberg and Arp: Philosophy of Biology: An Anthology
33 Kim, Korman, and Sosa: Metaphysics: An Anthology (second edition)
34 Martinich and Sosa: Analytic Philosophy: An Anthology (second edition)
35 Shafer‐Landau: Ethical Theory: An Anthology (second edition)
36 Hetherington: Metaphysics and Epistemology: A Guided Anthology
37 Scharff and Dusek: Philosophy of Technology – The Technological Condition: An Anthology (second edition)
38 LaFollette: Ethics in Practice: An Anthology (fourth edition)
39 Davis: Contemporary Moral and Social Issues: An Introduction through Original Fiction, Discussion, and Readings
40 Kuhse, Schüklenk, and Singer: Bioethics: An Anthology (third edition)
Bioethics
An Anthology
THiRD EDiTiON
Edited by
Helga Kuhse, Udo Schüklenk, and Peter Singer
This third edition first published 2016
Editorial material and organization © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, inc
Edition history: Blackwell Publishing Ltd (1e, 1999 and 2e, 2006)
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Contents
Acknowledgments xii
Introduction 1
Part I Abortion 9
Introduction 11
1 Abortion and Health Care Ethics 15
John Finnis
2 Abortion and Infanticide 23
Michael Tooley
3 A Defense of Abortion 38
Judith Jarvis Thomson
4 Why Abortion Is Immoral 49
Don Marquis
Part II Issues in Reproduction 61
Introduction 63
Assisted Reproduction 69
5 Multiple Gestation and Damaged Babies: God’s Will or Human Choice? 71
Gregory Pence
6 Assisted Reproduction in Same Sex Couples 74
Dorothy A. Greenfeld and Emre Seli
7 Rights, Interests, and Possible People 86
Derek Parfit
8 The Ethics of Uterus Transplantation 91
Ruby Catsanos, Wendy Rogers, and Mianna Lotz
Prenatal Screening, Sex Selection, and Cloning 103
9 Genetics and Reproductive Risk: Can Having Children Be Immoral? 105
Laura M. Purdy
vi contents
10 Prenatal Diagnosis and Selective Abortion: A Challenge to Practice and Policy 112
Adrienne Asch
11 Genetic Technology: A Threat to Deafness 127
Ruth Chadwick and Mairi Levitt
12 Sex Selection and Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis
The Ethics Committee of the American Society of Reproductive Medicine 136
13 Sex Selection and Preimplantation Diagnosis: A Response to the Ethics Committee of
the American Society of Reproductive Medicine 141
Julian Savulescu and Edgar Dahl
14 Conception to Obtain Hematopoietic Stem Cells 144
John A. Robertson, Jeffrey P. Kahn, and John E. Wagner
15 Why We Should Not Permit Embryos to Be Selected as Tissue Donors 152
David King
16 The Moral Status of the Cloning of Humans 156
Michael Tooley
Part III Genetic Manipulation 173
Introduction 175
17 Questions about Some Uses of Genetic Engineering 177
Jonathan Glover
18 The Moral Significance of the Therapy–Enhancement Distinction in Human Genetics 189
David B. Resnik
19 Should We Undertake Genetic Research on Intelligence? 199
Ainsley Newson and Robert Williamson
20 In Defense of Posthuman Dignity 208
Nick Bostrom
Part IV Life and Death Issues 215
Introduction 217
21 The Sanctity of Life 225
Jonathan Glover
22 Declaration on Euthanasia 235
Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith
Killing and Letting Die 241
23 The Morality of Killing: A Traditional View 243
Germain Grisez and Joseph M. Boyle, Jr.
24 Active and Passive Euthanasia 248
James Rachels
25 Is Killing No Worse Than Letting Die? 252
Winston Nesbitt
Contents vii
26 Why Killing is Not Always Worse – and Sometimes Better – Than Letting Die 257
Helga Kuhse
27 Moral Fictions and Medical Ethics 261
Franklin G. Miller, Robert D. Truog, and Dan W. Brock
Severely Disabled Newborns 271
28 When Care Cannot Cure: Medical Problems in Seriously Ill Babies 273
Neil Campbell
29 The Abnormal Child: Moral Dilemmas of Doctors and Parents 285
R. M. Hare
30 Right to Life of Handicapped 290
Alison Davis
31 Conjoined Twins, Embodied Personhood, and Surgical Separation 292
Christine Overall
Brain Death 305
32 A Definition of Irreversible Coma 307
Report of the Ad Hoc Committee of the Harvard Medical School to Examine
the Definition of Brain Death
33 Are Recent Defences of the Brain Death Concept Adequate? 312
Ari Joffe
34 Is the Sanctity of Life Ethic Terminally Ill? 321
Peter Singer
Advance Directives 331
35 Life Past Reason 333
Ronald Dworkin
36 Dworkin on Dementia: Elegant Theory, Questionable Policy 341
Rebecca Dresser
Voluntary Euthanasia and Medically Assisted Suicide 351
37 The Note 353
Chris Hill
38 When Self‐Determination Runs Amok 357
Daniel Callahan
39 When Abstract Moralizing Runs Amok 362
John Lachs
40 Trends in End‐of‐Life Practices Before and After the Enactment of the Euthanasia Law
in the Netherlands from 1990 to 2010: A Repeated Cross‐Sectional Survey 366
Bregje D. Onwuteaka‐Philipsen, Arianne Brinkman‐Stoppelenburg, Corine Penning,
Gwen J. F. de Jong‐Krul, Johannes J. M. van Delden, and Agnes van der Heide
41 Euthanasia in the Netherlands: What Lessons for Elsewhere? 377
Bernard Lo
viii contents
Part V Resource Allocation 381
Introduction 383
42 Rescuing Lives: Can’t We Count? 387
Paul T. Menzel
43 Should Alcoholics Compete Equally for Liver Transplantation? 390
Alvin H. Moss and Mark Siegler
44 The Value of Life 397
John Harris
45 Bubbles under the Wallpaper: Healthcare Rationing and Discrimination 406
Nick Beckstead and Toby Ord
Part VI Obtaining Organs 413
Introduction 415
46 Organ Donation and Retrieval: Whose Body Is It Anyway? 417
Eike‐Henner W. Kluge
47 The Case for Allowing Kidney Sales 421
Janet Radcliffe‐Richards, A. S. Daar, R. D. Guttmann, R. Hoffenberg, I. Kennedy, M. Lock,
R. A. Sells, N. Tilney, and for the International Forum for Transplant Ethics
48 Ethical Issues in the Supply and Demand of Human Kidneys 425
Debra Satz
49 The Survival Lottery 437
John Harris
Part VII Experimentation with Human Participants 443
Introduction 445
Human Participants 449
50 Ethics and Clinical Research 451
Henry K. Beecher
51 Equipoise and the Ethics of Clinical Research 459
Benjamin Freedman
52 The Patient and the Public Good 466
Samuel Hellman
53 Scientific Research Is a Moral Duty 471
John Harris
54 Participation in Biomedical Research Is an Imperfect Moral Duty: A Response to John Harris 483
Sandra Shapshay and Kenneth D. Pimple
