Bandwidth and Latency Issues

20 Pages·2012·1.37 MB·English

by  Susan Evett

Problem Statement
n  All of the communication’s pundits are projecting exponential growth in data
services. This likely applies to Academia as well general commercial growth

n  SONET is not sufficient to support higher bitrate wavelengths beyond 10G
n  If SONET is being capped, what is the next generation network?
n  Is it a pure packet network?
n  Is it a pure next generation TDM network like OTN?
n  Is it a combination of both?
n  What are some of the strengths and weaknesses of these networks?
n  What is the most cost effective Network Solution that will scale for the future?
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Content + Mobility + Cloud = Big Bandwidth

Bandwidth Predictions
14,000

12,000

10,000

ar 8,000

e
y
/

s

p
b 6,000

G
4,000

2,000

-­‐
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Traditional
 Phone 3G
 Smart
 Phone 4G
 Smart
 Phone Aircard/Hostspots Tablets
Source : UBS 1Q11 – N. America Wireless Demand by device
It would take over 5 years to watch the amount Globally, mobile data traffic will increase 26
of video that will cross global IP networks times between 2010 and 2015.
every second in 2015.

Internet video is now 40 percent of consumer The number of devices connected to IP
Internet traffic, and will reach 61 percent networks will be twice as high as the global
by the end of 2015. population in 2015.
Sources + Cisco VNI, 2011.
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Requirements for the Network
(On Campus and Transport between Campuses)
n  Full Transparency Options
n  Minimum Latency
n  Minimum Jitter
n  1:1 and Mesh Redundancy
n  Full network visibility and remote trouble isolation
capabilities
n  Maintaining SLAs across multiple domains
n  Security (separation between customer and management
planes)
n  Minimum First Cost, minimum Operational Costs
n  Scalable from a 1X, 10X, and 100X
n  Support of Legacy Services
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Today’s IP/MPLS Services
n  VPLS
§  Likely has an OTN/Photonics layer underneath the
n  Private IP routers that can be utilized to expedite traffic
n  Public IP
n  L3 – VPN
n  Telepresence
CPA-

CPA-

EVPL
EVPL
VPLS
VPLS
OTN
ROADM
PIP
PIP
OTN
ROADM
vBNS+
OTN vBNS+
ROADM
OTN
ROADM
Public
Public
IP
IP
OTN
ROADM
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Effects of Latency and Delay
n  Some services have very strict latency and delay requirements
n  VM Migration
n  Financial Services – Stock trading
n  Gaming
n  Two Way Video applications
n  Remote Health services
n  Strict SLA (QoS) across multiple Domains
n  General TCP throughput degradation with Latency
n  These applications can be severely hindered or even denied if latency and/
or jitter become large
n  Want a network where latency is deterministic and known under a standard
working condition and under a fault condition
n  Latency Inflation (where latency can vary between 20 and >100ms within a
day’s time) can be problematic for some services
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Cloud Based Virtual Machine
Migration
n  Being able to migrate Virtual Machines to optimize performance or
minimize power usage without the customer realizing the move occurred
n  Requires Very low latency so that customer’s experience is unchanged
with the migration
Synchronous
 Replica1on

Round
 Trip
 Delay
 -­‐
 Less
 than
 10ms

Ji<er
 -­‐
 less
 than
 2.5ms

Source:
 IBM/Cisco
 SAN

Mul1protocol
 Rou1ng

IBM
 Redbook
 SG24-­‐

7543-­‐01

Migration
Virtual Machine Virtual Machine
A
B
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Financial Transactions
n  Low latency is a feature directly tied to the core business process of trading,
says Steve Kammerer, IPC VP. “And that means low latency is the priority.”
n  “Missing the transaction by just a nano-second could cost the financial
institution money”, says Optimum Lightpath VP Glenn Calafati.

Latency
 for
 Trading

Round
 Trip
 Delay
 -­‐
 Less
 than
 10ms

Low latency is critically important in the options market, and in the coming years it will only become more
Chicago Stock so. Latency is already being reduced at each stage of the trading process but at increments and levels of
priority that vary by firm. Options pricing and analytics will be shaved from minutes to seconds, market data
Exchange
will be disseminated in single- rather than double-digit milliseconds, and trading opportunities will be
identified and acted upon within microseconds. The timelines to reaching these goals, too, are constantly
being shortened.
Source: http://www.tabbgroup.com/PublicationDetail.aspx?
PublicationID=401&MenuID=14&ParentMenuID=2&PageID=9
Los Angeles
Transport
Stock
Network
NY Stock
Exchange
Exchange
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Gaming
Latency Can Kill: Precision and Deadline in Online Games,
Mark Claypool, et.al
Avatar:
 First
 Person
 (Players
 shoot
 directly
 at
 each
 other)

Round
 Trip
 (<100ms)

Round
 Trip
 (60ms)
 -­‐
 has
 shown
 to
 affect
 player's
 accuracy

"An
 evaluaDon
 of
 Problems
 and
 SoluDon
 of
 Latency
 in
 Online
 Games",

Gert
 Scholten,
 January
 31,
 2008.

Gamers in Dallas
Gamers in
Transport
Austin
Network
Gamers in
Houston
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Two Way Video applications
n  Latency
n  Two-way interactive communication is sensitive to delays in the network.
n  300ms of lag causes users to resort to one-at-a-time, walkie-talkie-style conferencing to
communicate.
n  Jitter
n  Causes irregularities in the flow and delivery of data.
n  Even 100ms of jitter causes conferencing quality to suffer
"   Source: Optimizing Video Performance Across the Distributed Enterprisesuffer, Blue Coat Whitepaper
Two
 Way
 Video
 (includes
 encoding/decoding/transport)

One
 Way
 Delay

<400ms
 with
 Echo
 suppressor

<150ms
 (preferred)
 with
 Echo
 suppressor

<80ms
 with
 Lip
 Synchroniza1on

Source:
 ITU
 G.1010

Transport
Network
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Remote Health services
n  Tele-surgery
n  Delay in sensor feedback can distract the surgeon and cause serious safety hazard
n  Varying latency significantly reduces the operators’ performance both with robotic
telesurgery and virtual reality (VR) applications (Thomson et al., 1999).
"   Source: Extreme Telesurgery, Tamás Haidegger and Zoltán Benyó,
Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary
n  Tele-diagnostic
n  Interactive video communication requires low delay of 200 to 300 ms round-trip and an
average jitter that is not more than 30 ms
n  Speech latency should be less than 200-300 ms and jitter must be limited to 50ms (Cisco
Systems, 2002; Sze et al., 2002; Hassan et al., 2005; Tobagi, 2005).
" QoS in Telemedicine, Phumzile Malindi, Walter Sisulu University, South

Africa
Telepresence
 (Remote
 Surgery
 (Video)

One
 Way
 Delay
 <
 120ms

Source:
 MEF,
 ImplementaDon
 Agreement
 MEF
 23.1,
 Carrier

Ethernet
 Class
 of
 Service
 -­‐
 Phase
 2,
 January
 2012.

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