Automated Program and Model Transformation Technology

136 Pages·2005·2.09 MB·English

Automated Program
and
Model Transformation
Technology
Ira D. Baxter, Ph.D.
Tutorial Overview
• Part I. Program Transformation
– Transformation Tool overview and Relevance to ADM
– Theory of transformation systems
– Some transformation systems and applications
• Part II. Model Transformation
– Model Transformation to Support Model Evolution
– Model-Driven Program Transformation
© Semantic Designs 2005 2
Who are we?
• Dr. Ira D. Baxter
– CEO of Semantic Designs
– 35 years Software Engineering:
OS, Compilers, Transform Systems, Reuse
– Architect of Design Maintenance System (DMS)
• Dr. Jeff Gray
– CIS Department, University of Alabama at Birmingham
• Assistant Professor
• Research Focus: Software engineering, model-integrated computing,
generative programming, aspect-oriented software development
– PhD from Vanderbilt University
• Institute for Software Integrated Systems (ISIS)
– 2000-2005: DARPA PCES Project on Model-Driven Transformation
– 2005-2007: NSF CSR Project on Model-driven Performance Analysis
© Semantic Designs 2005 3
Contents
� Introduction
• Theory
• Implementation
• Some Transformation Systems
• Applications
• Summary
© Semantic Designs 2005 4
Transformation Systems
Stepwise Semiautomatic Conversion of Specs to Code
Spec
Rqmts Prog
Transform
f
S
t
i Engine fG
Transforms
aka “rules”
distributive unity remove like-term factoring
law multiplier parentheses combination
t t t t t
1 2 k-2 k-1 k
f
S f1 ... fk-1 fk fG
(x-1)y+2y (xy-1y)+2y xy-y+2y xy+y (x+1)y
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Spec Transformed to code with Transforms:
Summing A Unix File
Specification f
S print sum(<file:"invoices">);
Some sequence of transforms t1, t2, … tk
local s,i,n1,f1,v1; s=0;
f1=new filehandle; open f1,"invoices";
n1=0; while not(eof(f1))
Implementation f do { position f1,sizeof(v1)*n1;
G
read f1,v1; n1=n1+1;
s=s+v1; }
close f1; free(f1); print s;
© Semantic Designs 2005 6
A Simple Example: Summing A Unix File
Specification print sum(<file:"invoices">);
t1 local s,i,t1; s=0;
local n1,f1,v1; n1=0;
print ( local s,i; s=0; f1=new filehandle; open f1,"invoices";
for i=1 to length(<file:"invoices">) while not(eof(f1)) do
{ s=s+<file:"invoices.txt">[i]; } { read f1,v1; n1=n1+1;};
s ); close(f1); free(f1); t1=n1;
for i=1 to t1
t2 { s=s+<file:"invoices">[i]; }
print s;
local s,i; s=0;
for i
s=1s +t<of ilen:g"tihn(v<ofiiclees:."tixntv"o>i[cie]s;">) t6
print s;
local s,i,n1,f1,v1; s=0; n1=0;
t3 f1=new filehandle; open f1,"invoices";
while not(eof(f1)) do
local s,i; s=0; { read f1,v1; n1=n1+1;};
for i=1 to (local n,f,v; n=0; f=new filehandle; close(f1); free(f1);
open f,"invoices"; for i=1 to n1
while not(eof(f)) do { s=s+<file:"invoices">[i]; }
{ read f,v; n=n+1; }; print s;
close(f); free(f);
s=s+<file:p")invoices">[i]; t7
print s;
local s,i,n1,f1,v1; s=0; n1=0;
f1=new filehandle; open f1,"invoices";
t4 while not(eof(f1))
do { read f1,v1; n1=n1+1;};
local s,i; s=0; close(f1); free(f1);
local t1; for i=1 to n1
{ local n,f,v; n=0; t5 { s=s+(local v,f; f=new filehandle;
f=new filehandle; open f,"invoices"; open f,"invoices";
while not(eof(f)) do position f,sizeof(v)*(i-1);
{ read f,v; n=n+1}; read f,v; close f; free f; v);
close(f); free(f); t1=n}; }
for i=1 to t1 print s;
{ s=s+<file:"invoices">[i]; }
print s;
t8 Naïve intermediate program
Opens file and reads it twice
© Semantic Designs 2005 7
t8
local s,i,n1,f1,v1; s=0; n1=0;
f1=new filehandle; open f1,"invoices"; local s,i,n1,f1,v1; s=0; n1=0; A Simple Example II
while not(eof(f1)) f1=new filehandle; open f1,"invoices";
do { read f1,v1; n1=n1+1;}; while not(eof(f1))
close(f1); free(f1); do { position f1,sizeof(v1)*n1;
for i=1 to p1 read f1,v1; n1=n1+1;}; Transforms on this page optimize
{ s=s+(local v,f; f=new filehandle; close(f1);
open f,"invoices"; for i=1 to n1 naïve program into efficient one
position f,sizeof(v)*(i-1); { local v2; open f1,"invoices";
read f,v; close f; free(f); v); position f1,sizeof(v2)*(i-1);
} read f1,v2; close f1;
print s; s=s+v2;
} More transforms
t9 free(f1); print s;
local s,i,n1,f1,v1; s=0; n1=0; local s,i,n1,f1,v1; s=0;
f1=new filehandle; open f1,"invoices"; f1=new filehandle; open f1,"invoices";
while not(eof(f1)) n1=0; while not(eof(f1))
do { position f1,sizeof(v1)*n1; local s,i,n1,f1,v1, v2; s=0; n1=0; do { position f1,sizeof(v1)*n1;
read f1,v1; n1=n1+1;}; f1=new filehandle; open f1,"invoices"; read f1,v1; n1=n1+1;};
close(f1); free(f1); while not(eof(f1)) i=0; while i<=n1-1
for i=1 to n1 do { position f1,sizeof(v1)*n1; do { position f1,sizeof(v1)*i;
{ local v2,f2; f2=new filehandle; read f1,v1; n1=n1+1;}; read f1,v1; i=i+1;
open f2,"invoices"; close(f1); open f1,"invoices"; s=s+v1; }
position f2,sizeof(v2)*(i-1); for i=0 to n1-1 close f1; free(f1); print s;
read f2,v2; close f2; free(f2); { position f1,sizeof(v2)*i;
s=s+v2; read f1,v2; s=s+v2;
} }
print s; close f1; free(f1); print s;
t10 t
k
local s,i,n1,f1,v1; s=0; n1=0;
f1=new filehandle; open f1,"invoices";
while not(eof(f1)) local s,i,n1,f1,v1,v2; s=0;
do { position f1,sizeof(v1)*n1; f1=new filehandle; open f1,"invoices";
fcLolor
{oc salie
pl
r
s=o(o =ec1fsfsa a1i2+dlt)t;rv o;i ef2v ofa;2n2fn2d,;1r = v efnf2oe2e1;p(,w, efsvcn1fi1l )iz;of;le s2eone,hf1 "a(=finvn2nd21;vl)+oe*1i(;ci}e-;s1"); in=10=d;d0o o;w h{w} i hplpiroelo=es seiai +dt<tn1 i=io;fonot1n1n(,- evf1fo211f1;,(, sfsni1i=1z)s=e)+nov1f2+(;1v;21});*in;1; lfnco1lc=oand0sleo;e w s{wf,f h1ipir;s,lole =neseafs1hi dr+,atn evfniofe11dot1(;,ln(,f ve ev1}1;fo1); 1f; o,( spsfnp=ei1r0nz)=i; e)n fo1t1f+ ,(1s"v;i1n)v*oni1c;es";
} close f1; free(f1); print s;
free(f2); print s;
© Semantic Designs 2005 8
A Simple Example: A transformed spec
t
2
local s,i; s=0;
for i=1 to length(<file:"invoices">)
s=s+<file:"invoices.txt">[i];
print s;
t
3
local s,i; s=0;
for i=1 to (local n,f,v; n=0; f=new filehandle;
open f,"invoices";
while not(eof(f)) do
{ read f,v; n=n+1; };
close(f); free(f);
p)
s=s+<file:"invoices">[i];
print s;
© Semantic Designs 2005 9
A Simple Example:
Some of the Transforms Used
(local n,f,v; n=0; f=new filehandle;
open f,"filename";
while not(eof(f)) do
t
3 length(<file:"filename"> { read f,v; n=n+1; };
close(f); free(f);
p)
(local v,f; f=new filehandle;
open f,"filename";
t
7 <file:"filename">[i] position f,sizeof(v)*(i-1);
read f,v; close f; free f; v)
for i=lb to ub local f; f=new filehandle;
{ code1 // that doesn’t touch f for i=lb to ub
local f; f=new filehandle; { code1
t code3 // that doesn’t free f code3
10 free(f);
code2
code2 // that doesn’t touch f }
} free(f)
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