Attosecond Nanophysics: From Basic Science to Applications

392 Pages·2015·7.415 MB·English

by  Peter Hommelhoff, Matthias Kling

Editedby
PeterHommelhoff
MatthiasF.Kling
AttosecondNanophysics
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Editedby
PeterHommelhoff
MatthiasF.Kling
Attosecond Nanophysics
FromBasicSciencetoApplications
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V
Contents
ListofContributors XI
Preface XVII
1 Introduction 1
MatthiasF.Kling,BradyC.Steffl,andPeterHommelhoff
1.1 AttosecondTools 1
1.1.1 StrongFieldControlUsingLaserPulseswithWell-Defined
Waveforms 1
1.1.2 AttosecondLightPulses:TracingElectronDynamics 3
1.2 SolidsinStrongFields 4
1.3 AttosecondPhysicsinIsolatedNanosystems 4
1.4 AttosecondPhysicsonNanostructuredSurfaces 6
1.5 Perspectives 7
References 8
2 Nano-AntennaeAssistedEmissionofExtremeUltraviolet
Radiation 11
NilsPfullmann,MonikaNoack,CarstenReinhardt,MilutinKovacev,and
UweMorgner
2.1 IntroductionandMotivation 11
2.2 ExperimentalIdea 12
2.3 High-OrderHarmonicGeneration 14
2.3.1 Semi-ClassicalModel 15
2.3.2 MacroscopicEffects/Phase-Matching 16
2.3.3 Phase-MatchingintheCaseofOpticalAntennas 18
2.3.4 FieldInhomogeneities 19
2.4 PlasmonicsinIntenseLaserFields 20
2.5 Experiments 23
2.5.1 HistoricalOverview 23
2.5.2 OwnExperiments 24
VI Contents
2.5.2.1 ExperimentalSet-Up 24
2.5.2.2 ExperimentalResults 26
2.5.2.3 GasDensity 28
2.5.2.4 Spectra 29
2.6 ConclusionandOutlook 31
References 33
3 Ultrafast,Strong-FieldPlasmonicPhenomena 39
PéterDombiandAbdulhakemY.Elezzabi
3.1 Introduction 39
3.2 UltrafastPhotoemissionandElectronAccelerationinSurface
PlasmonFields 43
3.2.1 PhotoemissionMechanisms 43
3.2.1.1 LinearPhotoemission 43
3.2.1.2 NonlinearPhotoemissionandPhotocurrents 43
3.2.1.3 DistinctionofthePhotoemissionRegimes 44
3.2.1.4 Multiphoton-InducedPhotoemissionandPhotocurrents 44
3.2.1.5 Above-ThresholdPhotoemission 46
3.2.1.6 TunnelingPhotoemissionandCurrents 46
3.2.2 ParticleAccelerationinEvanescentSurfacePlasmonFields 47
3.3 ResearchonSurfacePlasmon-EnhancedPhotoemissionandElectron
Acceleration 48
3.3.1 PhotocurrentEnhancement 48
3.3.2 Strong-FieldPhotoemissioninPlasmonicFields 50
3.3.3 ElectronAccelerationinPlasmonicFields 51
3.3.4 ModelingandDiscussion 53
3.3.4.1 ModelingTools 53
3.3.4.2 ElectromagneticWaveDynamicsoftheSurfacePlasmonField 55
3.3.4.3 ElectronEmissionChannelsandCurrentsInducedbythePlasmonic
Fields 57
3.3.4.4 ParticleAccelerationintheEvanescentField 58
3.3.4.5 ModelResultsforHigh-EnergyElectronGeneration 60
3.3.5 Time-ResolvedStudiesofUltrashortSurfacePlasmon
Wavepackets 62
3.3.5.1 Experiments 62
3.3.5.2 AutocorrelationReconstructionWithoutFittingParameters 64
3.3.6 TheCarrier-EnvelopePhaseinNanoplasmonicElectron
Acceleration 66
3.3.7 Non-ponderomotiveEffectsandQuiverMotionQuenchingin
Nano-LocalizedFields 69
3.3.8 NanoplasmonicPhotoemissionfromMetalNanoparticles 75
3.4 Conclusions 79
Acknowledgments 81
References 81
Contents VII
4 UltrafastDynamicsinExtendedSystems 87
UlfSaalmannandJan-MichaelRost
4.1 Introduction—WhyUltrafastElectronDynamicsinExtended
Systems? 87
4.2 Multi-PhotonAbsorptioninExtendedSystems 89
4.2.1 GeneralEvolutionofanExtendedSystemExposedtoanIntense
LaserPulse 89
4.2.2 AUnifiedPictureonEnergyAbsorptionfromIntenseLight
Fields 91
4.2.3 HardandSoftRecollisionsinAtomicSystems 93
4.2.4 ExtendedSystemsandOpticalSwingbys 94
4.2.5 ResonantAbsorptionbyElectronMotionOutofPhasewiththe
LightField 97
4.3 CoulombComplexes:ASimpleApproachtoUltrafastElectron
DynamicsinFEL-IrradiatedExtendedSystems 99
4.3.1 Photo-Activation 101
4.3.2 TheIonicBackgroundPotential 102
4.3.3 FormationoftheElectronSpectra 103
4.3.4 ScalingintheDynamicsofCoulombComplexes 105
4.4 Nano-PlasmaTransientsontheFemtosecondScale 106
4.4.1 CreatingandProbingaDenseNon-equilibriumNano-Plasmaby
Sub-femtosecondPump-ProbePulses 106
4.4.2 UltrafastCollectiveElectronDynamicsinCompositeSystems 111
4.5 Summary 115
Acknowledgments 115
References 116
5 LightWaveDrivenElectronDynamicsinClusters 119
CharlesVarin,ChristianPeltz,ThomasBrabec,andThomasFennel
5.1 Introduction 119
5.2 ResolvingLight-MatterInteractionsontheAtomic-Scale 120
5.2.1 TheoreticalFoundationsofClassicalLight-MatterInteraction 120
5.2.2 MolecularDynamics 125
5.2.3 TheParticle-in-CellMethod 125
5.2.4 TheMicroscopicParticle-in-CellMethod 126
5.3 FundamentalsoftheMicroscopicParticle-in-CellApproach 127
5.3.1 TheoreticalBackground 127
5.3.2 NumericalImplementation 130
5.3.2.1 TheElectromagneticSolver 130
5.3.2.2 Gaussian-ShapeParticlesandMicroscopicForceCorrection 131
5.3.2.3 LinearScalingwithMicPIC 133
5.3.2.4 TypicalNumericalParameters 134
5.3.3 LinktoMolecularDynamics 134
5.3.4 LinktoContinuumModels 135
5.4 MicroscopicAnalysisofLaser-DrivenNanoclusters 137
VIII Contents
5.4.1 NanoplasmaFormationinaSmallRare-GasCluster 138
5.4.2 ClusterDynamicsintheLinearResponseRegime 140
5.4.3 LinearAbsorptionandScatteringofLight 142
5.4.4 CompetitionofBulkandSurfaceEffectswithRadiationDampingin
ResonantClusters 144
5.4.5 MicroscopicAnalysisofNonlinearLightScattering 145
5.5 Conclusions 149
References 150
6 FromAttosecondControlofElectronsatNano-ObjectstoLaser-Driven
ElectronAccelerators 155
FrederikSüßmann,MatthiasF.Kling,andPeterHommelhoff
6.1 AttosecondControlofElectronsatNanoscaleMetalTips 155
6.1.1 Multi-PhotonIonization 156
6.1.1.1 CoherentEffects 157
6.1.1.2 LightShifts 157
6.1.2 Sub-CycleDynamics 158
6.1.2.1 RecollisionandRescattering 158
6.1.2.2 CEPEffectsandMatterWaveInterference 160
6.1.2.3 ModelingofStrong-FieldPhysicsataMetalTip–Instructively 160
6.1.2.4 ModelingofStrong-FieldPhysicsataMetal
Tip–Microscopically 161
6.1.3 OpticalNear-FieldSensor 162
6.1.4 ASub-Laser-CycleDurationElectronSource? 164
6.2 ExperimentsonDielectricNanospheres 165
6.2.1 ModificationsbyCollectiveExcitations/SpaceCharge 165
6.2.2 CEP-DependentPhotoemissionfromSiO Nanospheres 166
2
6.2.3 TheoreticalModelingofthePhotoemission/Acceleration
Process 169
6.3 TheInfluenceoftheSpatialFieldDistributiononPhotoelectron
Spectra 171
6.3.1 TransitionfromDipolartoMultipolarResponse 172
6.3.1.1 MieSolutionforNanospheres 172
6.3.2 AngularResolvedPhotoemissionfromSiO Nanospheres 176
2
6.4 TimeResolvedPump-ProbeSchemes 177
6.4.1 TheAttosecondStreakCamera 177
6.4.2 AttosecondStreakingfromNanostructures 179
6.4.3 TheRegimesofNear-FieldStreaking 179
6.4.4 SimulatedStreakingSpectrogramsforAuSpheres 182
6.5 ElectronAccelerationwithLaserLightatDielectric
Nano-Gratings 185
6.5.1 Near-FieldModeAcceleration 186
6.5.2 Proof-of-ConceptData 189
6.5.3 OutlookonFutureAccelerationMechanisms 190
References 191