Assessing the impact of reasonable sufficiency on the structure and missions of the former Soviet Navy.

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by  Stanley, Scott Michael.;Tritten, James John.

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TITLE {IncludeSecurity Classification)
ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF "REASONABLE SUFFICIENCY" ON THE STRUCTURE AND MISSIONS OF THE
FORMER SOVIET NAVY
PERSONALAUTHOR(S)
STANLEY, SCOTT M.
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16 SUPPLEMENTARYNOTATION
The views expressed in this thesis are those ofthe authorand do not reflectthe official policy or position ofdie Departmentof
Defense or the U.S. Government.
17. COSATICODES 18. SUBJECT TERMS (continueon reverseifnecessaryamiidentifyby blocknumber)
FIELD GROUP SUBGROUP REASONABLE SUFFICIENCY; DEFENSIVE SUFFICIENCY;
DEFENSIVE-DEFENSE; RUSSIAN NAVY; SOVIET NAVY
19. ABSTRACT (Continueon reverseifnecessaryandidentifybyblock number)
Using contentanalysis oforiginal writings and speecches by formerSoviet military andpolitical leaders, this paper
ascertains the impact ofdie concept of "reasonable sufficiency fordefense" on the former Soviet military in general, and its Navy in
particular. The research begins with the eraofreform initiated in 1985 and ends coincidental with the dissolution ofthe former
USSR in December 1991. This review demonstrates that "reasonable sufficiency", as acomponentofthe new defensive-defense
oriented Soviet military doctrine, significandy affected the organizadonal structure and assigned rolesofthe former Sovietmaritime
forces. The final chapter summarizes the historical aspects of"reasonable sufficiency" and projects die concept's future impact on die
Russian Navy as the logical successor to the Soviet Navy. As the Russian Navy evolves from the roots of its predecessor, ii ill
continue to play a viabl in the national defense ofRussia. The influences of"reasonable sufficiency" on the Russian Navy will
continue to be significant into the next century.
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Prof. James J. Tritten [phone] Code NS/Tr
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Assessing the Impact of "Reasonable Sufficiency" on the Structure and Missions of
the Former Soviet Navy
by
Scott Michael Stanley
Lieutenant, U.S. Navy
B.A., St. John's University, 1982
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of
MASTER OF ARTS IN
NATIONAL SECURITY AFFAIRS
from the
NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
June 1992
ABSTRACT
Using content analysis of original writings and speeches by former Soviet mil-
itary and political leaders, this paper ascertains the impact of the concept of rea-
sonable sufficiency for defense on the former Soviet military in general, and its
Navy in particular. The research begins with the era of reform initiated in 1985
and ends coincidental to the dissolution of the former USSR in December 1991.
This review demonstrates that reasonable sufficiency, as a component of the
new defensive-defense oriented Soviet military doctrine, significantly affected the
organizational structure and assigned roles of the former Soviet maritime forces.
The final chapter summarizes the historical aspects of reasonable sufficiency and
projects the concept's future impact on the Russian Navy as the logical successor to
the Soviet Navy. As the Russian Navy evolves from the roots of its predecessor, it
will continue to play a viable role in the national defense of Russia. The influences
of reasonable sufficiency on the Russian Navy will continue to be significant into
the next century.
m
/
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
I. 1
METHODOLOGY
A. 2
B. "REASONABLE SUFFICIENCY" AND THE NEW MILITARY DOC-
TRINE
4
ROOTS OF SOVIET NAVAL POWER
II. 8
A. "OLD," "YOUNG, " AND "SOVIET" SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT 9
.
1. The "Old School" vs. "Young School" 9
SOVIET SCHOOL
2. 10
B. CHERNAVIN ASSUMES THE REIGNS OF POWER 11
MILITARY REFORM AND THE BIRTH OF "REASONABLE SUFFI-
III.
CIENCY" 14
A. 1986: NEW YEAR ADDRESS AND THE 27TH CPSU CONGRESS
SPEECH
16
B. MILITARY REACTION 17
1. Military Reacts Favorably 17
2. Military Reacts Negatively 19
C. SOCIAL SCIENTISTS ENTER THE DEBATE 21
IV. "NEW THINKING" AND THE UNITED NATIONS 25
PROS
A. 28
CONS
B. 29
V. POLARIZATION: THE MILITARY AND THE SOCIAL SCIENTISTS 31
A. THE MILITARY VIEW OF "REASONABLE SUFFICIENCY" ... 32
IV
B. THE SOCIAL SCIENTIST VIEW OF "REASONABLE SUFFICIEN-
CY"
34
1. Arbatov Defines Sufficient Defense 35
2. Strategic Nuclear Applications 37
3. Conventional Force Applications 38
EXPANSION OF THE DEBATE
C. 41
VI. MILITARY-TECHNICAL PERSPECTIVE OF "REASONABLE SUFFI-
CIENCY"
48
A. NAVY BEGINS TO DEFINE ITS ROLE 48
B. CHERNAVIN DEFINES NAVAL MISSIONS 50
VII. ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE OF "REASONABLE SUFFICIENCY" 58
.
A. REDUCTIONS IN MILITARY BUDGET: RESISTANCE AND WARN-
INGS 59
B. DEBATE OVER CREATION OF A PROFESSIONAL MILITARY 63
.
C. MILITARY ECONOMIC REFORM AND THE POINT OF NO RE-
TURN
65
VIII. MILITARY SUPPORTERS OF MILITARY REFORM 68
A. MAJOR LOPATIN AND THE PRO-REFORM ALLIANCE 68
B. PROPOSED DRAFT OF MILITARY REFORM: POSITIVE VIEWS 70
C. PROPOSED DRAFT OF MILITARY REFORM: NEGATIVE VIEWS 72
IX. TOWARDS REALIZATION OF "REASONABLE SUFFICIENCY" 75
. .
A. GENERAL STAFF MILITARY DOCTRINE DRAFT PROPOSAL 76
.
1. Political Aspect 76
2. Military-Technical Aspect 77
B. THE NEW MILITARY DOCTRINE: APATHY AND DISSENT 79
. .
1. Non-Commitment 79
v
2. Objection 80
X. "REASONABLE SUFFICIENCY" AND THE END OF THE UNION 85
.
A. THE AUGUST COUP: CHANGES IN LEADERSHIP 85
B. CHERNAVIN ASSESSES THE FUTURE 89
CONCLUSION
C. 93
LIST OF REFERENCES 99
INITIAL DISTRIBUTION LIST 109
VI