Table Of ContentLecture Notes in Networks and Systems 239
Abdalmuttaleb M. A. Musleh Al-Sartawi
Anjum Razzaque
Muhammad Mustafa Kamal Editors
Artificial Intelligence
Systems and
the Internet of Things
in the Digital Era
Proceedings of EAMMIS 2021
Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems
Volume 239
Series Editor
Janusz Kacprzyk, Systems Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences,
Warsaw, Poland
Advisory Editors
Fernando Gomide, Department of Computer Engineering and Automation—DCA,
SchoolofElectricalandComputerEngineering—FEEC,UniversityofCampinas—
UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
Okyay Kaynak, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,
Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
Derong Liu, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University
of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA; Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Beijing, China
Witold Pedrycz, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada; Systems Research Institute,
Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
Marios M. Polycarpou, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
KIOSResearchCenterforIntelligentSystemsandNetworks,UniversityofCyprus,
Nicosia, Cyprus
Imre J. Rudas, Óbuda University, Budapest, Hungary
Jun Wang, Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong,
Kowloon, Hong Kong
The series “Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems” publishes the latest
developmentsinNetworksandSystems—quickly,informallyandwithhighquality.
Originalresearchreportedin proceedings andpost-proceedings represents thecore
ofLNNS.
VolumespublishedinLNNSembraceallaspectsandsubfieldsof,aswellasnew
challenges in, Networks and Systems.
The series contains proceedings and edited volumes in systems and networks,
spanning the areas of Cyber-Physical Systems, Autonomous Systems, Sensor
Networks, Control Systems, Energy Systems, Automotive Systems, Biological
Systems, Vehicular Networking and Connected Vehicles, Aerospace Systems,
Automation, Manufacturing, Smart Grids, Nonlinear Systems, Power Systems,
Robotics,SocialSystems,EconomicSystemsandother.Ofparticularvaluetoboth
the contributors and the readership are the short publication timeframe and the
world-wide distribution and exposure which enable both a wide and rapid
dissemination of research output.
Theseriescoversthetheory,applications,andperspectivesonthestateoftheart
andfuturedevelopmentsrelevanttosystemsandnetworks,decisionmaking,control,
complex processes and related areas, as embedded in the fields of interdisciplinary
andappliedsciences,engineering,computerscience,physics,economics,social,and
lifesciences,aswellastheparadigmsandmethodologiesbehindthem.
Indexed by SCOPUS, INSPEC, WTI Frankfurt eG, zbMATH, SCImago.
All books published in the series are submitted for consideration in Web of
Science.
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/15179
Abdalmuttaleb M. A. Musleh Al-Sartawi
(cid:129)
Anjum Razzaque Muhammad Mustafa Kamal
(cid:129)
Editors
fi
Arti cial Intelligence
Systems and the Internet
of Things in the Digital Era
Proceedings of EAMMIS 2021
123
Editors
Abdalmuttaleb M. A.Musleh Al-Sartawi AnjumRazzaque
Accounting,Finance andBanking Collegeof Business andFinance
Department AhliaUniversity
AhliaUniversity Manama, Bahrain
Manama, Bahrain
Muhammad Mustafa Kamal
Schoolof Strategy andLeadership
CoventryUniversity
Coventry, UK
ISSN 2367-3370 ISSN 2367-3389 (electronic)
Lecture Notesin Networks andSystems
ISBN978-3-030-77245-1 ISBN978-3-030-77246-8 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77246-8
©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicense
toSpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2021
Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsaresolelyandexclusivelylicensedbythePublisher,whether
thewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseof
illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and
transmissionorinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilar
ordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this
publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfrom
therelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse.
The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this
book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the
authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained
hereinorforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregard
tojurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations.
ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG
Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland
Foreword
Sustainable development is one of the greatest challenges of our time. Yet, it has
become one of the most sought-after mission of businesses, economies, govern-
ments, and societies around the world. Nevertheless, without technology, societies
would disintegrate and sustainability would be out of reach. Despite technology
creating many of the problems faced by societies, they are also the answer to
solvingthem.Astechnologyisintrinsicallyingrainedinourlives,anyadvancement
creates economic and social transformation, case in point the First Industrial
Revolution to the current, and Fourth Revolution. Today, we are on a brink of a
newer and faster revolution which involves sustainable technologies such as the
Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI).
One way or another, the term Internet of Things (IoT) has become unavoidable
inthecurrentdigitalanddata-driveneconomy;especiallyinthelastcoupleofyears
where IoT has garnered the interests of scholars, academics, and practitioners. IoT
solutions are virtually extending to all areas of everyday life including education,
healthcare, manufacturing, government services, andthefinancialservice industry
just to name a few. Although IoT seems futuristic, we use it daily through smart-
phones,smarttablets,andsmartwatches.People,especially,theyoungergeneration
arefascinatedwiththewordsmartasitisusedinconcoctionwithtechnologyinall
its forms. The question is how smart technology really is? Another futuristic term,
which has never been more attainable and approachable than today, is artificial
intelligence (AI). AI is all around us in the form of virtual assistants, drones, and
self-driving cars. Despite theadvancementinthe fields ofsustainable technologies
such as AI and IoT, only certain tasks have been fully enhanced by technology.
However,weneedtocontinuouslystrivetoaimformorethanthat.Thechallenges
and opportunities in AI and IoT are both interesting and difficult. Scientists,
researchers, governments, and Higher Education Institutions are working with
reverenceanddeterminationtoprovidenew andimprovedsolutionstohumankind
in the digital era that would support sustainable development.
This book provides a valuable outlook on various concepts and explores novel
themes related to AI, IoT, innovation in the digital era, Industry 4.0, sustainable
technologies, utilization of blockchain, big data, fintech, cybersecurity, and finally
v
vi Foreword
the impending Fifth Industrial Revolution. It looks further into the implications of
technologyoneducation,sustainability,andfinance.Thisbookisagoodstepinthe
direction of offering holistic knowledge to practitioners, scholars, educational
institutions, professionals, students, and governments.
Small steps make big changes.
Arafat Salih Aydiner
Abdalmuttaleb M. A. Musleh Al- Sartawi
Anjum Razzaque
Ahmet Faruk Aysan
Conference Co-chairs
Preface
EAMMIS 2021 is being organized by the Bridges Foundation in cooperation with
the Istanbul Medeniyet University. EAMMIS 2021 probes a deeper academic and
scholarly interpretation through its theme: artificial intelligence systems and the
Internet of Things in the digital era. The EAMMIS provides an international
platform forresearchers,academicians,practitioners,andindustryprofessionals,to
present research findings offering deeper insight into novel theories that embrace
theoretical, managerial, and practical implications withinthe fields of management
and information systems.
InextensiveconsultationwiththeEAMMISexecutivecommitteeandthefaculty
of the organizing universities, it was decided that it is best not to hold only a
physical EAMMIS 2021, given the uncertainty of current circumstances. Our
organizing committee volunteers have already invested so much effort into
EAMMIS 2021, and many of them are already dealing with additional workloads
because of COVID-19. This is an event for both scientific and social interactions.
We believe we can achieve such a conference through a hybrid conference plat-
form.Theconferencescallforpapersaskedforsubmissionsinfullresearchpapers
and, as a result, attracted many submissions from around the world. Submissions
were reviewed in a double-blind process by at least two specialized academics in
the relevant fields. The 2021 conference received a total of 111 submissions, and
overall,48paperswereacceptedwithanacceptancerateof43.2%.Thefinalsetof
proceedings have been grouped according to track, each outlined below.
The book is organized into forty-seven chapters and covers various topics cat-
egorized according to the following tracks: Track 1: Innovation in the digital era,
Track2:Industry4.0managementforsustainabletechnologies,Track3:Utilization
ofBlockchain,DLT,andFintechforAIandIoTinthedigitaleras,Track4:Roleof
Cybersecurity and privacy facilitated by AI and IoT, and Track 5: Fifth Industrial
Revolution: The Internet of Ideas.
The papers in Track 1 address the key innovations in the current digital era,
Industrial Revolution 4.0. The works here stem from innovative technologies
including artificial intelligence and Internet of Things which provide solutions in
business processes. Furthermore, different types of clustering algorithms and
vii
viii Preface
software-defined networking algorithms are examined. Additionally, the papers
tackle various topics in social media usage during COVID-19 pandemic.
The papers in Track 2 explore Industry 4.0 management for sustainable tech-
nologies.Theworksheredealwithmachinelearningforsustainabilityandareview
on Industry 4.0 management for sustainable technologies. Moreover, the papers
investigate sustainable innovations such as novel hydro renewable power platform
and posture of robo-advisor. Finally, Chapter 18 discusses the methods of
increasing productivity and quality with IoT technologies in industrial treatment
systems
The papers in Track 3 address a very critical topic which is the utilization of
blockchain, DLT, and fintech for AI and IoT in the digital eras. Papers investigate
knowledge management in the digital era in relation to Higher Education
Institutions. Another paper explores artificial intelligence opportunities and chal-
lenges to Higher Education Sector. Finally, several papers discuss blockchain
technologies for sustainable development.
TheworksinTrack4addressgovernance,cybersecurity,andprivacyinAIand
IoT.Papersexamined,indetail,financialstatementandfintechfraudandmeasures
takentopreventunethicalpracticesthroughdetailedliteraturereview.Additionally,
thetrackexplorescorporategovernanceandsustainabilityoffinancialindustryand
the impact of women entrepreneurship on sustainable economies.
Finally, Track 5 addresses the Fifth Industrial Revolution and the Internet of
ideas.Papersdiscussnovelideassuchassmartcitiesandtechnologyreadinessand
technology acceptance model.
Nevertheless, in addition to the submissions received and papers accepted, the
successoftheEAMMIS2021 conferenceonartificial intelligence systems andthe
Internet of Things in the digital era which was held on19–20 March 2021 in
Istanbul, Turkey, depended on the efforts of various individuals, committees, and
organizations, mainly the Bridges Foundation and Istanbul Medenyet University.
Abdalmuttaleb M. A. Musleh Al- Sartawi
Anjum Razzaque
Muhammad Mustafa Kamal
Acknowledgements
This book offers a discussion platform for researchers, scholars, students, and
academics to provide insights and explore the opportunities and challenges of
sustainabletechnologiesincludingartificialintelligence(AI)andInternetofThings
(IOT) in the digital era.
ThisbookisinspiredbyProf.AbdullaYusufAlHawaj,FoundingPresidentof
Ahlia University, theKingdom ofBahrain, duetohis immensesupportand efforts
towards sustainable development and technology.
I would like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude to all the con-
tributingauthorsfortheirvaluablechaptersubmissionsandtheirdedicationtojoin
the discussion on sustainable technologies, the Fourth Industrial Revolution and
their impact on education, information systems, economy, and the financial
industry. Moreover, I would like to thank the reviewers for reviewing the chapters
and the authors who served as reviewers.
Special thanks go to the efforts and support of various individuals, committees,
and organizations who contributed towards the success of the European, Asian,
MiddleEastern,NorthAfricanConferenceonManagement&InformationSystems
‘EAMMIS 2021’ which was held on 19–20 March 2021 in Istanbul, Turkey,
namely the Bridges Foundation and Istanbul Medenyet University.
Finally, I would like to extend my thanks to the book Series Editor Prof. Dr.
Janusz KacprzykandtheSpringereditorialteam including EditorialDirector Dr.
Thomas Ditzinger, and Senior Editorial Assistant Mr. Holger Schaepe for their
support and acceptance of this valuable offering to students, practitioners, and
professionals in the form of state-of-the-art knowledge.
Abdalmuttaleb M.A. Musleh Al-Sartawi
Anjum Razzaque
Muhammad Mustafa Kamal
ix
