Arrowheads and Spear Points in the Prehistoric Southeast: A Guide to Understanding Cultural Artifacts

117 Pages·1993·5.89 MB·English

by  Linda Crawford Culberson

Arrowheads and Spear Points in the Prehistoric Southeast
A Guide to Understanding Cultural Artifacts
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Arrowheads
and
Spear Points
in the
Prehistoric
Southeast
A Guide to Understanding Cultural Artifacts
By
Linda
Crawford
Culberson
Illustrated
by
Jim
University Press of Mississippi
Culberson Jackson
All artifacts in this book
ore depicted In their actual size
unless otherwise noted.
Copyright © 1993 by the University Press of Mississippi
All rights reserved
Manufactured in the United States of America
Designed by Sally Hamlin
The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability
of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council
on Library Resources.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Culberson, Linda Crawford, 1953-
Arrowheads and spear points in the prehistoric southeast : a guide to understanding
cultural artifacts / by Linda Crawford Culberson ; illustrated by Jim Culberson.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-87805-643-2 (alk. paper). - ISBN 0-87805-638-6 (pbk. : alk. paper)
I. Indians of North America-Southern States-Implements. 2. Indians of
North America-Southern States-Antiquities. 3. Stone implements-Southern
States-Classification. 4. Arrowheads —Southern States-Classification. 5. Projectile
points-Southern States-Classification. 6. Southern States-Antiquities, I. Title.
E78.S65C85 1993
975'.01-dc20 93-8455
CIP
British Lib'ary Cataloging-in-Publication data available
Contents
Illustrations 7
Preface 1 1
Acknowledgments 13
1 Some Basic Principles of Archaeology 17
2 The First Immigrants 30
3 The Paleo-lndians 40
4 The Archaic Stage 48
5 The Woodland Stage 62
6 The Mississippian Stage 71
Glossary 77
Appendixes
A. Additional Projectile Points 81
B. State Archaeologists in the Southeast 83
C. Museums with Southeastern Archaeological Collections 87
Bibliography 103
Index 1 1 3
5
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Illustrations
Projectile point terminology 25
Direct percussion flaking 26
Indirect percussion flaking 27
Pressure flaking 28
Scraper 28
Grooved ax manufactured by peck and grind method 28
Shovel-shaped incisors and 4 + molar cusp pattern in upper jaw 31
5-Y molar cusp pattern in lower jaw 31
Extent of Beringia in the Western Hemisphere 32
Laurentide and Cordilleran ice sheets 35
Monte Verde, Chile and the Perada Furado Rockshelter, Brazil 38
Clovis point 46
Cumberland point 46
Plainview point 46
Agate Basin point 46
Beaver Lake point 46
Suwannee point 47
Quad point 47
Dalton point 50
Side Notched Dalton point-Greenbriar variety 50
Hardaway point 51
7
San Patrice point 51
Kirk Corner Notched point 51
Pine Tree Corner Notched point 52
Morrow Mountain point 52
Stanly Stemmed point 53
Ungrooved ax or celt 53
Beginning to throw a spear with an atlatl 54
Having thrown a spear with an atlatl 55
Bannerstone 55
Gorget 56
Two plummets 56
Pendant 56
Stone mortar and grinding stone 56
Steatite bowl 56
Cooking balls 57
LeCroy point 57
Eva I point 57
Eva II point 57
Benton Stemmed point 58
Gary points 58
Ledbetter Stemmed point 58
Pickwick point 59
Saratoga Broad Bladed point 60
Saratoga Parallel Stemmed point 60
Saratoga Expanding Stemmed point 60
Savannah River point 60
Turkeytail point 60
Delhi point 60
Wade point 60
Stemmed or hafted scraper 60
Two Microliths 60
Bone awl 61
Jar form DOttery 65
Shallow bowl 65
Rimmed bowl 66
Tripodal bowl 66
Effigy pipe 67
Chipped drill 67
Two Effigy drills 68
Copena point 68
Coosa pcints 69
8 Illustrations
Jack's Reef Corner Notched point 69
Scallorn point 69
Sequoyah point 70
Hernando point 70
Raccoon Side-notched point 70
Bone fish hooks 7 1
Flint hoe 72
Jack's Reef Pentagonal point 72
Madison point 72
Fort Ancient point 73
Nodena point 73
Scrapers 73
Discoidal 74
Ceremonial stone mace 74
Platform pipe 75
Mississippian stirrup jar 75
Mississippian pots 76
Folsom point 81
Lost Lake point 82
Illustrations 9