Architectures for the IoT

95 Pages·2016·45.8 MB·English

The Internet of Things and Multiagent Systems
Tutorial
Munindar P. Singh and Amit K. Chopra
NorthCarolinaStateUniversity
LancasterUniversity
July 2016
'Singh&Chopra (NCSU&Lancaster) TheInternetofThings July2016 1
IntroductiontotheInternetofThings
Introduction to the Internet of Things
Representative Applications of IoT
Architectures for the IoT
Discovery and Selection
Achieving Coherence and Cooperation
Decentralization and Interaction for IoT
Governing Interactions in the IoT
Synthesis
'Singh&Chopra (NCSU&Lancaster) TheInternetofThings July2016 2
IntroductiontotheInternetofThings
Froma
sociotech-
nical
Anintro-
perspective
ductionto
anewarea
Scope and
motivation of
Notapro-
this tutorial
gramming
Witha guide
hopeto
helpbuild
aresearch
community
Focuson
research
challenges
'Singh&Chopra (NCSU&Lancaster) TheInternetofThings July2016 3
IntroductiontotheInternetofThings
Track
Controlit resource Understand
states theenvi-
Reason ronment
aboutit Exploitthe
information
aroundus
Decide
Bringthe Whydo effectively
physical usersand
Senseit
world enterprises
intoIT care?
Collaborate
effectively
Internet of
Things: What
Opportu-
nityfor is It and BigData
dynamism
Impor- Who Cares? Algorithmic
tanceof challenges
federation
Whydoall
Impor- Why computer
tanceof should
modeling wecare? scientists
care?
'Singh&Chopra (NCSU&Lancaster) TheInternetofThings July2016 4
IntroductiontotheInternetofThings
IoT Federation Levels
Each level offers abstractions for what transpires at or flows across that level
Governance Negotiation Governance
Services Value Services
Ontology Meaning Ontology
Connectivity Information Connectivity
Thing Thing
'Singh&Chopra (NCSU&Lancaster) TheInternetofThings July2016 5
IntroductiontotheInternetofThings
Lowpower Wearables Health Power
andpassive systems
techniques
Batteries Monitoring
infras- Context
Commu- tructure awareness
nications
Appli-
Enablers
cations
Robotics Augmented
Sensing reality
Vehicles
Internet
of Things
Governance Security Autonomy Number
Com- anddecen-
position tralization
Size
Discovery Ap- Scale
and Challenges
proaches
selection
Data
volume
'Singh&Chopra (NCSU&Lancaster) TheInternetofThings July2016 6
IntroductiontotheInternetofThings
Heartrate Light
Envi-
Human
ronment
Biochem:
Cortisol, Particles
hydration
Bioelec-
trical: Skincon- Airtem- NOO2z,oHne2S,
EKG,EEG, ductivity perature
Sensors
GPS
Vibrations
WiFi
Object Space
Tem-
perature
Bluetooth
'Singh&Chopra (NCSU&Lancaster) TheInternetofThings July2016 7
IntroductiontotheInternetofThings
Core: Connectivity
Combination of low and high-bandwidth
(cid:73) Low-bandwidth connectivity
(cid:73) Between RFID tags and readers
(cid:73) Between sensors and base stations
(cid:73) High-bandwidth
(cid:73) Wireless, with aggregator nodes such as smartphones and Arduino
devices
(cid:73) Broadband, from aggregator nodes to store data in the cloud
'Singh&Chopra (NCSU&Lancaster) TheInternetofThings July2016 8
IntroductiontotheInternetofThings
Core: Passive and Low Power Technologies
Many dimensions
(cid:73) Passive (batteryless)
(cid:73) No power
(cid:73) Require a proximal (within ∼10cm) reader
(cid:73) Active, battery-based
(cid:73) Can send information
(cid:73) Can last years but need battery replacement
(cid:73) Active, self-powered
(cid:73) Harvest power from the
(cid:73) Environment, e.g., solar
(cid:73) Human body, temperature differential
(cid:73) Human body, movement
(cid:73) Enough power to transmit to a local, e.g., on-body, hub
(cid:73) Low-power radio: 10−7W (versus Bluetooth: 10−3W)
(cid:73) Can potentially last “forever”
'Singh&Chopra (NCSU&Lancaster) TheInternetofThings July2016 9
IntroductiontotheInternetofThings
Microcontrollers for Programmably Controlling Actuators
k
Yor
w
Ne
uit,
afr
d
A
'
'Singh&Chopra (NCSU&Lancaster) TheInternetofThings July2016 10