Apache Jakarta-Tomcat

199 Pages·2001·1.78 MB·English

by  James Goodwill

For all the people which doesn't have enough money to buy good books.
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Apache Jakarta-Tomcat
by James Goodwill
ISBN: 1893115364
Apress © 2002 (237 pages)
Learn about Tomcat Server configuration, its features, and more, complete with examples and
source code.
Apache Jakarta Tomcat..................................................................................................8
Dedication.............................................................................................................................9
Preface.............................................................................................................................10
Introduction......................................................................................................................11
About the Author.....................................................................................................11
About the Technical Reviewer...........................................................................11
Chapter 1: Jakarta Tomcat
...................................................................12
The Jakarta Tomcat Server................................................................................12
The Tomcat Manager Web Application..............................................................12
Specialized Realm Implementations...................................................................12
Tomcat Valves........................................................................................................12
Further Information................................................................................................12
The Architecture of Tomcat................................................................................13
The Server...............................................................................................................14
The Service.............................................................................................................14
The Connector........................................................................................................14
The Engine..............................................................................................................15
The Host..................................................................................................................15
The Context.............................................................................................................15
Java Web Applications.........................................................................................15
The Directory Structure.........................................................................................15
The Deployment Descriptor..................................................................................16
Packaging................................................................................................................17
Requirements for Installing and Configuring Tomcat................................17
Installing and Configuring Tomcat ...................................................................18
Manually Installing to Windows NT/2000...........................................................18
Installing to Linux....................................................................................................20
Testing Your Tomcat Installation......................................................................21
Summary...................................................................................................................24
Chapter 2: Deploying Web Applications to Tomcat
......25
The Tomcat Directory Structure........................................................................25
Manually Deploying Web Applications to Tomcat......................................25
Creating the Web Application Directory Structure............................................26
Creating a Web Application ServletContext.......................................................26
Adding JSPs............................................................................................................27
Adding Servlets......................................................................................................30
Adding Tag Libraries..............................................................................................33
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Creating and Deploying a WAR File...................................................................37
Summary...................................................................................................................37
Chapter 3: Servlets, JSPs, and the ServletContext
.....38
What Are Java Servlets?.....................................................................................38
The GenericServlet and HttpServlet Classes....................................................39
The Lifecycle of a Servlet......................................................................................40
A Simple Servlet.....................................................................................................41
What Are JavaServer Pages?...........................................................................44
The Components of a JavaServer Page............................................................45
The ServletContext and its Relationship to a Web Application.............61
The Relationship Between a Web Application and the ServletContext.........61
Examples of How the Web Application Affects Web Application Components
...................................................................................................................................62
Summary...................................................................................................................67
Chapter 4: Using Tomcat's Manager Application
...........69
What is the Manager Web Application?.........................................................69
Gaining Access to the Manager Web Application......................................69
Using the Manager Web Application...............................................................71
install........................................................................................................................71
list..............................................................................................................................73
reload.......................................................................................................................73
sessions...................................................................................................................74
stop...........................................................................................................................75
start...........................................................................................................................76
remove.....................................................................................................................76
Summary...................................................................................................................77
Chapter 5: Configuring Security Realms
.................................78
Security Realms......................................................................................................78
Memory Realms......................................................................................................78
Protecting a Resource with a MemoryRealm....................................................79
JDBC Realms..........................................................................................................81
Creating the Users Database...............................................................................81
Configuring Tomcat to Use a JDBC Realm.......................................................87
The Benefits of Using a JDBCRealm..................................................................89
Accessing an Authenticated User....................................................................89
Summary...................................................................................................................91
Chapter 6: Embedding Tomcat
.........................................................92
Embedding Tomcat into a Java Application.................................................92
Summary.................................................................................................................100
Chapter 7: Persistent Sessions
......................................................101
HTTP Sessions.....................................................................................................101
The Servlet Implementation of HTTP Sessions..............................................101
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Configuring Tomcat's Persistent Session Stores.....................................106
The FileStore........................................................................................................106
The JDBCStore.....................................................................................................108
Creating the Sessions Database.......................................................................108
Configuring Tomcat to Use a JDBCStore........................................................109
Summary.................................................................................................................111
Chapter 8: Valves and Servlet Filters
.......................................112
What is a Tomcat Valve?..................................................................................112
The Access Log Valve.........................................................................................112
The Remote Address Filter.................................................................................114
The Remote Host Filter.......................................................................................115
The Request Dumper Valve...............................................................................116
What is a Servlet Filter?.....................................................................................116
Deploying a Servlet Filter....................................................................................119
Chaining Servlet Filters.......................................................................................123
Summary.................................................................................................................127
Chapter 9: Integrating the Apache HTTP Server
..........128
What is the Apache Web Server?..................................................................128
Integrating Tomcat and the Apache Web Server.....................................128
Summary.................................................................................................................132
Chapter 10: Integrating the Jakarta-Struts Project
......134
The Jakarta-Struts Project................................................................................134
Understanding the MVC Design Pattern..........................................................134
The Struts Implementation of the MVC............................................................134
Creating and Installing a Struts Web Application.....................................135
The Views..............................................................................................................137
The Model..............................................................................................................140
The Controller.......................................................................................................142
Walking Through the apress-struts Web Application..............................145
Summary.................................................................................................................148
Chapter 11: Integrating the Jakarta-Log4J Project
.....149
The Jakarta-Log4J Project................................................................................149
Layouts...................................................................................................................149
Appenders.............................................................................................................149
Categories.............................................................................................................150
Using Log4J in an Application.........................................................................153
Integrating Log4J into the apress Web Application.................................155
Summary.................................................................................................................159
Chapter 12: Integrating the Apache SOAP Project
....160
Introducing the Apache SOAP Project.........................................................160
Integrating Apache SOAP into Tomcat........................................................160
Deploying Apache-SOAP Using Tomcat..........................................................161
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Creating a Sample SOAP Application..........................................................162
SOAP Services.....................................................................................................163
SOAP Clients........................................................................................................167
Summary.................................................................................................................170
Appendix A: The server.xml File
...................................................171
Containers...............................................................................................................173
The <Server> Element......................................................................................173
The <Service> Element...................................................................................174
The <Engine> Element......................................................................................175
The <Host> Element..........................................................................................176
The <Context> Element...................................................................................177
Connectors..............................................................................................................178
The HTTP Connector ..........................................................................................179
The Warp Connector...........................................................................................180
Appendix B: The web.xml File
.........................................................182
Overview..................................................................................................................182
Adding a Servlet Filter........................................................................................184
Adding a Servlet Definition...............................................................................185
Adding a Servlet Mapping.................................................................................186
Configuring the Session.....................................................................................187
Adding a Welcome File List..............................................................................187
Adding a Tag Library...........................................................................................187
Adding a Security Constraint...........................................................................188
Adding a Login Config........................................................................................189
List of Figures
...................................................................................................191
Chapter 1: Jakarta Tomcat...............................................................................191
Chapter 2: Deploying Web Applications to Tomcat.................................191
Chapter 3: Servlets, JSPs, and the ServletContext.................................191
Chapter 4: Using Tomcat's Manager Application.....................................191
Chapter 5: Configuring Security Realms.....................................................192
Chapter 7: Persistent Sessions.......................................................................192
Chapter 8: Valves and Servlet Filters...........................................................192
Chapter 9: Integrating the Apache HTTP Server.....................................192
Chapter 10: Integrating the Jakarta-Struts Project..................................193
Chapter 12: Integrating the Apache SOAP Project.................................193
List of Tables
.....................................................................................................194
Chapter 1: Jakarta Tomcat...............................................................................194
Chapter 2: Deploying Web Applications to Tomcat.................................194
Chapter 3: Servlets, JSPs, and the ServletContext.................................194
Chapter 4: Using Tomcat's Manager Application.....................................194
Chapter 5: Configuring Security Realms.....................................................194
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Chapter 7: Persistent Sessions.......................................................................195
Chapter 8: Valves and Servlet Filters...........................................................195
Chapter 9: Integrating the Apache HTTP Server.....................................195
Chapter 10: Integrating the Jakarta-Struts Project..................................195
Chapter 12: Integrating the Apache SOAP Project.................................195
Appendix A: The server.xml File.....................................................................196
Appendix B: The web.xml File.........................................................................196
List of Examples
............................................................................................197
Chapter 2: Deploying Web Applications to Tomcat.................................197
Chapter 3: Servlets, JSPs, and the ServletContext.................................197
Chapter 4: Using Tomcat's Manager Application.....................................197
Chapter 5: Configuring Security Realms.....................................................197
Chapter 6: Embedding Tomcat.......................................................................198
Chapter 7: Persistent Sessions.......................................................................198
Chapter 8: Valves and Servlet Filters...........................................................198
Chapter 10: Integrating the Jakarta-Struts Project..................................198
Chapter 11: Integrating the Jakarta-Log4J Project..................................198
Chapter 12: Integrating the Apache SOAP Project.................................198
Appendix A: The server.xml File.....................................................................198
Appendix B: The web.xml File.........................................................................199

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Apache Jakarta Tomcat
JAMES GOODWILL
Apress
Apache Jakarta Tomcat
Copyright © 2002 James Goodwill
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by
any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any
information storage or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright
owner and the publisher.
(pbk): 1-893115-36-4
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every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use the names only in an editorial fashion and
to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark.
Editorial Directors: Dan Appleman, Gary Cornell, Jason Gilmore, Karen Watterson
Technical Reviewer: Aaron Bandell
Project Managers: Alexa Stuart, Erin Mulligan
Developmental and Copy Editor: Tom Gillen, Gillen Editorial, Inc.
Production Editor: Sofia Marchant
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For information on translations, please contact Apress directly at
901 Grayson Street, Suite 204BerkeleyCA94710510-549-5930510-549-
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The information in this book is distributed on an "as is" basis, without warranty. Although
every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this work, neither the author nor
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Apress shall have any liability to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage
caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by the information contained in this
work.
The source code for this book is available to readers at http://www.apress.com in the
Downloads section. You will need to answer questions pertaining to this book to successfully
download the code.
Dedication
To my girls Christy, Abby, and Emma.
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Preface
Acknowledgments
I would like to begin this text by thanking the people who made this book what it is today.
They are the people who took my words and shaped them into something that I hope will
help you use the Tomcat container to its fullest. Of these people, I would like to explicitly
thank Jason Gilmore, Alexa Stuart, Erin Mulligan, Aaron Bandell, Tom Gillen, Sofia
Marchant, Ron Strauss, and Grace Wong. Each and every person made this book what it is
today.
On a closer note, I would like to thank everyone at my company, Virtuas Solutions, LLC, for
their support while I was completing this text. The entire, "UNREAL", staff contributed by
picking up my assignments when my plate was too full.
Finally, the most important contributors to this book are my wife Christy, and our daughters
Abby and Emma. They are the ones who really sacrificed during the development of this
text, especially when I walked in the room discussing another Tomcat beta release. They are
the ones who deserve the credit for this book. With their support, I can do anything.
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