Anthropological Theory: An Introductory History (Fourth Edition)

706 Pages·2007·7.02 MB·English

by  R. Jon McGee

ANTHROPOLOGICAL
THEORY

FOURTH EDITION
R. Jon McGee
Richard L. Warms
Texas State University-San Marcos
ANTHROPOLOGICAL
THEORY
Mc
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
McGee, R. Jon, 1955-
Anthropological theory: an introductory history / R. Jon McGee, Richard L. Warms.-4th ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-07-340522-1 (alk. paper)
Anthropology-Philosophy. 2. Anthropology-Methodology. I. Warms, Richard L. II. Title.
GN33.M33 2008
301.101-dc22
2006048088
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CONTENTS
Preface ix
Introduction 1
Part One
HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL THEORY 5
Nineteenth-Century Evolutionism 5
1. HERBERT SPENCER, The Social Organism (1860) 1 1
2. SIR EDWARD BURNEIT TYLOR, The Science of Culture (1871) 28
3. LEWIS HENRY MORGAN, Ethnical Periods (1877) 43
4. KARL MARX AND FRIEDRICH ENGELS, Feuerbach: Opposition of the Materialist and
Idealist Outlook (1845-1846) 54
The Foundations of Sociological Thought 69
5. EMILE DURKHEIA1, What Is a Social Fact? (1895) 73
6. EAIII.E DURKHEIM, The Cosmological System of Totemism and the
Idea ofClass(1912) 80
7. MARCEL MAUSS, Excerpts from The Gift (1925) 90
8. MAx WEBER, Class, Status, Party (1922) 103
Part Two
CULTURE THEORY IN THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY 116
Historical Particularism 116
9. FRANZ BOAS, The Methods of Ethnology (1920) 121
10. A. L. KROEBER, Eighteen Professions (1915) 129
11. PAUL RADIN, Right and Wrong (1927) 135
12. BENJAMIN L. WHORE, The Relation of Habitual Thought and
Behavior to Language (1939) 141
v
vi Contents
Functionalism 159
13. BRONISLAW MALINOWSKI, The Essentials of the Kula (1922) 163
14. A. R. RADCLIFFE-BROWN, On Joking Relationships (1940) 179
15. MAX GLUCKMAN, The Licence in Ritual (1956) 190
Culture and Personality 204
16. RUTH FULTON BENEDICT, Psychological Types in the Cultures of
the Southwest (1930) 209
17. MARGARET MEAD, Introduction to Sex and Temperament in
Three Primitive Societies (1935) 219
Part Three
THEORY AT MIDCENTURY 226
The Reemergence of Evolutionary Thought 226
18. LESLIE WHITE, Energy and the Evolution of Culture (1943) 229
19. JULIAN STEWARD, The Patrilineal Band (1955) 248
Neomaterialism: Evolutionary, Functionalist, Ecological, and Marxist 265
20. MORTON H. FRIED, On the Evolution of Social Stratification
and the State (1960) 269
21. MARVIN HARRIS, The Cultural Ecology of India's Sacred Cattle (1966) 282
22. ROY A. RAPPAPORT, Ritual Regulation of Environmental Relations Among a
New Guinea People (1967) 297
23. ERIC WOLF, Peasantry and Its Problems (1966) 310
Structuralism 324
24. CLAUDE LEVI-STRAUSS, Linguistics and Anthropology (1952)326
25. CLAUDE LEVI-STRAUSS, Four Winnebago Myths: A Structural Sketch (1960) 338
26. SHERRY B. ORTNER, Is Female to Male as Nature Is to Culture? (1974) 346
Ethnoscience and Cognitive Anthropology 360
27. HAROLD C. CONKLIN, Hanundo Color Categories (1955) 364
28. STEPHEN A. TYLER, Introduction to Cognitive Anthropology (1969) 368
29. CLAUDIA STRAUSS, What Makes Tony Run? Schemas as
Motives Reconsidered (1992) 384
Contents vii
Part Four
THE LATE TWENTIETH CENTURY AND BEYOND 406
Sociobiology, Evolutionary Psychology, and Behavioral Ecology
406
30. EDWARD O. WILSON, The Morality of the Gene (1975) 409
31. REBECCA BLIEGE BIRD, ERIC ALDEN SMITH, AND DOUGLAS W. BIRD, The
Hunting Handicap: Costly Signaling in Human Foraging Strategies (2001) 415
Anthropology and Gender 432
32. SALLY SLOCUM, Woman the Gatherer: Male Bias in Anthropology (1975) 435
33. ELEANOR LEACOCK, Interpreting the Origins of Gender Inequality: Conceptual
and Historical Problems (1983) 444
34. ANN L. STOLER, Making Empire Respectable: The Politics of Race and Sexual Morality in
Twentieth-Century Colonial Cultures (1989) 459
Symbolic and Interpretive Anthropology 482
35. MARY DOUGLAS, External Boundaries (1966) 484
36. VICTOR TURNER, Symbols in Ndembu Ritual (1967) 493
37. CLIFFORD CEER'Z, Deep Play: Notes on the Balinese Cockfight (1973) 511
Postmodernism and Its Critics 532
38. RENATO ROSALDO, Grief and a Headhunter's Rage (1989) 537
39. LILA ABU-LUGHOD, A Tale of Two Pregnancies (1995) 552
40. ROY D'ANDRADE, Moral Models in Anthropology (1995) 562
Globalization, Power, and Agency 580
41. ARJUN APPADURAI, Disjuncture and Difference in the Global
Cultural Economy (1990) 582
42. PHILIPPE BOURGOIS, From JIbaro to Crack Dealer: Confronting the Restructuring of
Capitalism in El Barrio (1995) 601
43. AIHWA ONG, The Family Romance of Mandarin Capital (1999) 617
Bibliography B-1
Credits C-1 Index
I-1