Analyzing Sound Patterns: An Introduction to Phonology

904 Pages·2013·9.33 MB·English

by  Long Peng

Analyzing Sound Patterns
Analyzing Sound Patterns is a clear and concise introduction to phonological
phenomena, covering a wide range of issues from segmental to suprasegmental
problems and prosodic morphology. Assuming no prior knowledge of problem
solving, this textbook shows students how to analyze phonological problems
with a focus on practical tools, methodology, and step-by-step instructions. It is
aimed at undergraduate and beginning graduate students and places an
instructional focus on developing students’ analytical abilities. It includes
extensive exercises of various types which engage students in reading and
evaluating competing analyses, and involves students in a variety of analytical
tasks.
This textbook:
is designed around related phonological problems and demonstrates how
they are analyzed step by step
presents and compares competing accounts of identical problems, and
discusses and evaluates the arguments that distinguish one analysis from
another
details how a broad array of sound patterns are identified and analyzed
LONG PENG is Professor of Linguistics and Education, and Director of Linguistics,
at State University of New York, Oswego.
Cambridge Textbooks in Linguistics
General editors:
P. Austin, J. Bresnan, B. Comrie, S. Crain, W. Dressler, C. Ewen, R. Lass, D.
Lightfoot, K. Rice, I. Roberts, S. Romaine and N. V. Smith
Earlier issues not listed are also available
For a list of titles published in the series, please see end of book.
Analyzing Sound Patterns
An Introduction to Phonology
Long Peng
State University of New York at Oswego
University Printing House, Cambridge CB2 8BS, United Kingdom
Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New
York
Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge.
It furthers the University’s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of
education, learning, and research at the highest international levels of excellence.
www.cambridge.org
Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521147408
© Long Peng 2013
This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the
provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any
part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University
Press.
First published 2013
Printed in the United Kingdom by TJ International Ltd. Padstow Cornwall
A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication data
Peng, Long.
Analyzing Sound Patterns / Long Peng, State University of New York at
Oswego.
pages cm. – (Cambridge Textbooks In Linguistics)
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 978-0-521-19579-9 ISBN 978-0-52114740-8
1. Grammar, Comparative and general – Phonology. 2. Phonetics. 3.
Morphology. I. Title.
P217.P43 2013
414–dc23
414–dc23
2012050064
ISBN 978-0-521-19579-9 Hardback
ISBN 978-0-52114740-8 Paperback
Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy
of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this
publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will
remain, accurate or appropriate.
Contents
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Unit 1: Distribution
1 Patterns of sounds: vowel co-occurrence in Kikuyu
2 The distribution of English nasals
3 Luganda liquids and the analysis of complementary distribution
4 Contrast and complementarity: multiple complementation in Thai
Unit 2: Alternation
5 Alternation and the case of English nasals
6 Tibetan numerals and underlying representation
7 Tonkawa stem alternation
8 Yawelmani and interacting processes
Unit 3: Syllable
9 The distribution of syllable in Ponapean
10 Syllable and vowel epenthesis in Ponapean
11 Ponapean syllable and vowel epenthesis: an optimal-theoretic analysis
12 Syllable and segmental processes in Diola-Fogny
Unit 4: Tone
13 Tonal distribution in Mende and autosegmental representation
14 Tonal alternation in Mende
15 Yoruba tone asymmetry and derivational accounts of asymmetry
16 Yoruba tone asymmetry and Optimality Theory
Unit 5: Stress
17 Pintupi, Wargamay, and Choctaw stress and Metrical Theory
18 Pintupi, Wargamay, and Choctaw stress and Optimality Theory
19 To stress or not to stress: stress–epenthesis interactions in Yimas
Unit 6: Prosodic morphology
20 Templatic morphology and Arabic broken plurals
21 The emergence of the unmarked and Swati verb reduplication
22 Prosodic misalignment: LuGanda glide epenthesis and Swati
reduplication
Appendix A Sample instructions for the reading response assignment
Appendix B Sample instructions for a problem: vowel co-occurrence in Kikuyu
bi-syllabic roots and root-suffix forms
References
Index of constraints and rules
Language index
Subject index
Contents
Acknowledgments
Introduction
1. Overview
2. Suggestions for the instructor
3. Recommendations for the student
Unit 1: Distribution
1 Patterns of sounds: vowel co-occurrence in Kikuyu
1. Introduction
2. The puzzle
3. Logical possibilities, even and uneven distributions
4. Determining the vocalic patterns in Kikuyu bi-syllabic verb roots
5. Conclusion
Exercises
Discussion/Reading response questions
Multiple-choice/Fill-in-the blank questions
Problems for analysis
2 The distribution of English nasals
1. Introduction
2. The puzzles
3. The distribution of English nasals within a syllable
4. The types of nasal–consonant clusters allowed in English
5. Not all sounds are created equal: phonemes versus allophones
6. Conclusion
Exercises
Discussion/Reading response questions
Multiple-choice/Fill-in-the blank questions
Problems for analysis
3 Luganda liquids and the analysis of complementary distribution
1. Introduction
2. The puzzle
3. Analysis
3.1 Determining the distribution of Luganda liquids
3.2 Two competing analyses of Luganda liquids
4. Luganda loans and the distribution of l and r
5. Conclusion
Exercises
Discussion/Reading response questions
Multiple-choice/Fill-in-the blank questions
Problems for analysis
4 Contrast and complementarity: multiple complementation in Thai
1. Introduction
2. The puzzle
3. Determining the distribution of Thai plosives
4. Analysis
5. Conclusion
Exercises
Discussion/Reading response questions
Multiple-choice/Fill-in-the blank questions
Problems for analysis
Unit 2: Alternation
5 Alternation and the case of English nasals
1. Introduction
2. The puzzle
3. Analysis
3.1 Identifying the condition triggering the alternation
3.2 Constructing an analysis
4. The distribution of and its orthographic representation
5. Conclusion
Exercises
Discussion/Reading response questions
Multiple-choice/Fill-in-the blank questions
Problems for analysis
6 Tibetan numerals and underlying representation
1. Introduction
2. The puzzle
3. Three approaches to the problem
4. The first approach
5. The second approach
6. The third approach
7. Lessons learned