Amsterdamer Beitrage zur alteren Germanistik. Band 63 - 2007 (Amsterdamer Beitrage Zur Alteren Germanistik) (German Edition)

337 Pages·2007·2.03 MB·German

by  Herausgegeben von Erika Langbroek

AMSTERDAMER BEITRÄGE ZUR
ÄLTEREN GERMANISTIK
Begründet von
Cola Minis†
In Verbindung mit
A.D. Kylstra und A.H. Touber
herausgegeben von
Erika Langbroek, Arend Quak,
Annelies Roeleveld und Paula Vermeyden†
Band 63 — 2007
Amsterdam - New York, NY 2007
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Prof. Dr. Arend Quak
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ISSN: 0165-7305
ISBN: 978-90-420-2256-0
©Editions Rodopi B.V., Amsterdam - New York, NY 2007
Printed in The Netherlands
INHALT

Frederik Kortlandt, The Origin of the Franconian Tone Accents 1

Frederik Kortlandt, English bottom, German Boden, and the
Chronology of Sound Shifts 5

Diether Schürr, Wodan oder Warg: zum Brakteaten Nebenstedt I 9

Elena Afros, Is cyssađ in Exeter Book Riddle 30a: 6b an
Instance of Morphological Levelling? 21

Ellen Baßler und Ernst Hellgardt, Die Freckenhorster Heberolle
- eine Fälschung? 29

Arwen van Zanten, Going Berserk: in Old Norse, Old Irish and
Anglo-Saxon Literature 43

Jan Meijer, Punctuation Marks on Viking Age Rune Stones 65

Gary C. Shockey, “Dîne gehôrte hôrte ich”: Zur Frage der werk-
immanenten Hermeneutik in der “Erlösung” und Parallellismen 99

Petra Hörner, Der Wilde Mann: „Seliger sind, die nicht sehen
und doch glauben“ 111

William Sayers, Sailing Scenes in Works of the Pearl Poet
(Cleanness and Patience) 129

Florian Kragl, Wer hat den Hirsch zum Köder gemacht? Der
,Münchner Oswald’, spiritualiter gelesen
157

Erika Langbroek & Annelies Roeleveld, Die ‘Umgebung’ der
niederdeutschen Apokalypse in Basel, F.VII.12: Ergebnisse
einer stemmatologischen Untersuchung und einer Reimunter-
suchung 179

Johan Winkelman, Mittelniederländische Tragezeichen und die
nordwesteuropäische Kulturlandschaft. Zum kulturellen Trans- 199
fer im Spätmittelalter
Michael Bärmann, Nochmals: ein Eintrag zu Johannes Pauli im
Anniversarbuch des Freiburger Franziskanerklosters 221

Albrecht Classen, Poetische Proteste gegen den Krieg: der Meis-
tersänger Hans Sachs als früher Kriegsgegner im 16.
Jahrhundert 235

BESPRECHUNGEN

Proceedings of the 21st International Congress of Onomastic Sciences. Upp-
sala 19-24 August 2002. Volume 1. Editors Eva Brylla and Mats Wahlberg,
in collaboration with Vibeke Dalberg and W.F.H. Nicolaisen. Språk- och
folkminnesinstitutet. Uppsala 2005 (Gerald van Berkel) 257
Bettina Bildhauer, Medieval Blood (Religion and Culture in the Middle Ages),
Cardiff 2006 (Albrecht Classen) 259
Hubertus Fischer, Ritter, Schiff und Dame Mauritius von Craûn: Text und
Kontext, Heidelberg 2006 (Cobie Kuné) 262
James C. King und Petrus W. Tax (Hgg.), Notker der Deutsche. Notker latinus
zu den kleineren Schriften. Altdeutsche Textbibliothek Nr. 117, Die Werke
Notkers des Deutschen, Neue Ausgabe, Bd. 7A, Tübingen 2003 (Erika
Langbroek) 268
Wirnt von Grafenberg, Wigalois. Text der Ausgabe von J. M. N. Kapteyn,
übersetzt, erläutert und mit einem Nachwort versehen von Sabine Seelbach
und Ulrich Seelbach, Berlin/New York 2005 (Erika Langbroek) 271
Hermann Reichert (Hg.), Das Nibelungenlied. Nach der St. Galler Handschrift
hg. u. erl. (de Gruyter Texte), Berlin-New York 2005 (Erika Langbroek) 273
Ruth Weichselbaumer, Mittelalter virtuell. Mediävistik im Internet, Stuttgart
2005 (Elisabeth Meyer) 279
Heinrich von dem Türlin, Die Krone (Verse 12282-30042). Nach der Hand-
schrift Cod. Pal. germ. 374 der Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg nach Vor-
arbeiten von Fritz Peter Knapp und Klaus Zatloukal, Hg. v. Alfred Ebenbauer
u. Florian Kragl (ATB 118), Tübingen 2005 (Lambertus Okken) 281
Rabenschlacht. Tertgeschichtliche Ausgabe. Hg. v. Elisabeth Lienert und Dorit
Wolter (Texte und Studien zur mittelhochdeutschen Heldenepik. Hg. v.
Elisabeth Lienert. Band 2), Tübingen 2005 (Lambertus Okken) 284
Erec von Hartmann von Aue. Mit einem Abdruck der neuen Wolfenbütteler
und Zwettler Erec-Fragmente. H. v. Albert Leitzmann, fortgeführt v. Ludwig
Wolff. 7. Auflage besorgt von Kurt Gärtner (ATB 39), Tübingen 2006
(Lambertus Okken) 287
Boutkan, D./Siebinga, S., Old Frisian Etymological Dictionary (Leiden Indo-
European Dictionary Series, Vol. I), Leiden/Boston 2005 (Anne Tjerk
Popkema) 291
Katalog der althochdeutschen und altsächsischen Glossenhandschriften. Hg. v.
Rolf Bergmann, Stefanie Stricker. Unter Mitarbeit von Yvonne Goldammer,
Claudia Wich-Reif, Berlin-New York 2005 (Arend Quak) 297
Otfrid von Weißenburg, Evangelienbuch. Edition nach dem Wiener Kodex
268. Herausgegeben und bearbeitet von Wolfgang Kleiber unter Mitarbeit
von Rita Heuser. Teil 1: Text. Teil 2: Einleitung und Apparat. Mit Beiträgen
von Wolfgang Haubrichs, Norbert Kössinger, Otto Mazal, Norbert H. Ott und
Michael Klaper (Evangelienbuch Herausgegeben von Wolfgang Kleiber und
Ernst Hellgardt. Band I), Tübingen 2004 (Arend Quak) 300
Max Boeters, Die Geschichte der deutschen halb-Zahlwörter. Untersuchungen
zur Neubesetzung eines lexikalischen Feldes und zur Univerbierung syntakti-
scher Gruppen (Germanistische Bibliothek Bd. 27), Heidelberg 2006 (Arend
Quak) 302
Joachim Heinzle. Die Nibelungen. Lied und Sage, Darmstadt 2005 (Arend
Quak) 304
Hugo von Montfort. Das poetische Werke. Hg. v. Werrnfried Hofmeister. Mit
einem Melodie-Anhang von Agnes Grund, Berlin-New York 2005 (Arend
Quak) 307
Wörterbuch der mittelhochdeutschen Urkundensprache (WMU), auf der
Grundlage des Corpus der altdeutschen Originalurekunden bis zum Jahr
1300. Unter Leitung von Bettina Kirschstein und Ursula Schulze erarbeitet v.
Sibylle Ohly, Peter Schmitt u. Nicole Spengler. 21. Lieferung: unrehte-
vaschanc, Berlin 2005 (Arend Quak) 308
Mittelhochdeutsches Lesebuch. Herausgegeben von Sabine Rolle (de Gruyter
Texte), Berlin-New York 2005 (Arend Quak) 308
Mittelniederdeutsches Handwörterbuch. Begründet von A. Lasch und C.
Borchling. Mit Unterstützung der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft und
der BAT-Stiftung der Universität Hamburg herausgegeben von Dieter Möhn.
Band III. 34. Lieferung: swâr bis swûr. Bearbeitet von Christa Hepfer (swâr
-swî) und Kerstin Giese (swibboge-swûr), Neumünster 2005 (Arend Quak) 309
B. Los, The Rise of the To-Infinitive, Oxford 2005 (Hendrik de Smet) 310
Christoph Fasbender (Hg.), Nibelungenlied und Nibelungenklage. Neue Wege
der Foschung, Darmstadt 2005 (Norbert Voorwinden) 319
Neil Thomas, Wirnt von Gravenberg’s Wigalois. Intertextuality and Interpreta-
tion (Arthurian Studies; 62), Cambridge 2005 (Fritz Wagner) 321
A Companion to the Works of Hartmann von Aue, edited by Francis G. Gentry
(Studies in German Literature, Linguistics, and Culture), New York 2005
(Fritz Wagner) 322
Mai und Beaflor. Herausgegeben, übersetzt, kommentiert und mit einer Ein-
leitung von Albrecht Classen (Beihefte zur Mediaevistik, Bd. 6) Frankfurt am
Main, Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Wien 2006 (Fritz Wagner) 323

Amsterdamer Beiträge zur älteren Germanistik 63 (2007), 1-3

THE ORIGIN OF THE FRANCONIAN TONE ACCENTS

by Frederik Kortlandt — Leiden

Elsewhere I have argued for the Proto-Germanic existence of a series
of preglottalized voiceless stops which were preserved in English and
yielded preaspiration in West Norse, gemination in East Norse, vest-
jysk stød in Danish, and affrication in High German (1988, 1996,
2003). In the remaining German territory, the glottalization may have
affected the preceding vocalic segment in different ways.
“In various Low German dialects, a length distinction on old and
new long vowels arose in disyllables, depending on the phonation of
the intervocalic consonant. [...] An example of this is the minimal pair
ik riet /rit/ ‘I tear’ versus ik ried /ri:t/ ‘I ride’. [...] It is furthermore as-
sumed that this length distinction is sometimes realized as an intona-
tional opposition” (de Vaan 1999: 38). This development resembles
the West Norse preaspiration and the East Norse gemination in the
fact that the preceding vowel is cut short by the original preglottalized
stop but differs from these because the vowel is not continued as a
whisper and the following consonant is not geminated. Thus, the
distinction between “long” and “overlong” vowels may have arisen
from the loss of glottalization which shortened the preceding long
vowel without either leaving a devoiced segment (as in West Norse)
or lengthening the following consonant (as in East Norse). There is no
reason to assume that voicedness played an independent role here.
Björn Köhnlein's M.A. thesis (2005) has led me to a reconsideration
of the possibility that the rise of the Franconian tone accents can also
be attributed to the loss of glottalization. The relevant data are the fol-
lowing.
In Central Franconian, there is a distinctive opposition between a
falling tone 1 and a stretched tone 2 that seems to be reversed in a strip
of land along the southeastern border, which is formed by the “thick
bundle of isoglosses separating Central Franconian from Rhine Fran-
conian, the most characteristic one being the isogloss between the pro-
noun dat ‘that’ to the northwest and das to the southeast” (de Vaan
2
1999: 41). Phonetically, the Franconian tones strongly resemble the
Latvian falling (`) and stretched (~) tones and the Lithuanian acute (1)
and circumflex (2) tones, respectively. Since it has been argued that
the Lithuanian acute (1) and the Latvian stretched (~) tone arose from
a loss of glottalization (e.g., Kortlandt 1977) while the distinction be-
tween the Franconian tones is to a large extent determined by the
earlier presence or absence of a following preglottalized stop, it may
be useful to consider the possibility of a similar origin.
The distribution of the tone accents in the larger northwestern (A)
and the smaller southeastern (B) parts of the Central Franconian area
is as follows (cf. de Vaan 1999: 26-27 and Köhnlein 2005: 14-16):
I. Non-high long vowels and diphthongs are falling in A and
stretched in B.
II. High long vowels and diphthongs, lengthened short vowels, and
short vowels with tautosyllabic resonants are stretched in A and fall-
ing in B when they are followed by an original final consonant or
non-final preglottalized stop.
III. Elsewhere these vowels and sequences are falling in A and
stretched in B, except lengthened short vowels, which are falling in
both A and B.
Thus, it appears that glottalization was lost after non-high long vo-
wels and diphthongs at an early stage, after which it yielded a stretch-
ed tone in A, as in Latvian, and a falling tone in B, as in Lithuanian.
The falling tone in A and the stretched tone in B were evidently the
unconditioned, unmarked (“spontaneous”) reflexes before the length-
ening of short vowels in open syllables and the apocope blurred the
picture and rendered the distribution of the tones opaque.
We must now ask: how did the bifurcation of glottalization into a
stretched tone in the northwest and a falling tone in the southeast
come about? It is important to understand the phonetic influence of
glottalization on word melody. When the glottal closure is formed, the
vocal cords are tightened so that the pitch of the sound goes up. The
flow of air is then interrupted and subsequently continued at a lower
pitch when the glottal closure is released. When a following voiceless
consonant is short, the rise of the pitch may be more prominent than
its fall, but when it is long, the fall of the pitch may be more pro-
minent than its rise. As a result, we expect a falling tone near the
Rhine Franconian area, where the glottal stop was oralized and
3
lengthened the following fricative, but a stretched tone in the north-
west, where the rise of the pitch before the short interruption of the air
flow prevented the pitch from falling below the level it would reach
without the glottal closure. This is indeed what we find. Thus, the
bifurcation of the glottalization into a stretched tone in A and a falling
tone in B is explained by the relative prominence of the rise of pitch
before and the fall of pitch after the glottal closure. The word melody
was then transferred to the initial syllable, yielding a tonemic
opposition on long nuclei. The transfer was clearly anterior to the
apocope because original monosyllables adopted the new, marked
tone, as if followed by a word-initial glottal stop. It also preceded the
lengthening of short vowels in open syllables in B because these never
developed a stretched tone.
The rise of the stretched tone in A and the falling tone in B may to
some extent be compared with the rise of preaspiration in West Norse,
where glottalization cut short the preceding vowel, and gemination in
East Norse, where it lengthened the following consonant. The big dif-
ference is that the rise of a devoiced segment in West Norse and of an
oral occlusion in East Norse eliminated the pitch effects and thereby
prevented the rise of a distinct tone pattern. There was no such long
voiceless segment in the Low German dialects which developed a dis-
tinction between “long” and “overlong vowels”, which “is sometimes
realized as an intonational opposition” (de Vaan 1999: 38).

References

Köhnlein, Björn. 2005. Tonakzente im rechtsrheinischen Regelumkehrgebiet: Eine
phonetisch-phonologische Analyse 84 Jahre nach Adolf Bachs Entdeckung
(Marburg: M.A. thesis).
Kortlandt, Frederik. 1977. Historical laws of Baltic accentuation, in: Baltistica 13/2,
319-330.
— 1988. Proto-Germanic obstruents, in: ABäG 27, 3-10.
— 1996. The High German consonant shift, in: ABäG 46, 53-57; Korrektur, in: ABäG
47, 231.
— 2003. Glottalization, preaspiration and gemination in English and Scandinavian,
in: ABäG 58, 5-10.
de Vaan, Michiel. 1999. Towards an explanation of the Franconian tone accents, in:
ABäG 51, 23-44.