Table Of ContentAmIware
Philips Research
VOLUME 5
Editor-in-Chief
Dr. Frank Toolenaar
Philips Research Laboratories, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
SCOPE TO THE ‘PHILIPS RESEARCH BOOK SERIES’
As one of the largest private sector research establishments in the world, Philips
Research is shaping the future with technology inventions that meet peoples’ needs and
desires in the digital age. While the ultimate user benefits of these inventions end up
on the high-street shelves, the often pioneering scientific and technological basis
usually remains less visible.
This ‘Philips Research Book Series’ has been set up as a way for Philips researchers
to contribute to the scientific community by publishing their comprehensive results and
theories in book form.
Ad Huijser
AmIware
Hardware Technology Drivers
of Ambient Intelligence
Edited by
Satyen Mukherjee
Philips Research North America, NewYork, USA
Emile Aarts
Philips Research Laboratories, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
Raf Roovers
Philips Research Laboratories, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
Frans Widdershoven
Philips Research, Leuven, Belgium
and
Martin Ouwerkerk
Philips Research Laboratories, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
AC.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN-10 1-4020-4197-7 (HB)
ISBN-13 978-1-4020-4197-6 (HB)
ISBN-10 1-4020-4198-5 (e-book)
ISBN-13 978-1-4020-4198-3 (e-book)
Published by Springer,
P.O. Box 17, 3300 AADordrecht, The Netherlands.
www.springer.com
Printed on acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved
© 2006 Springer
No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher,
with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of
being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use
by the purchaser of the work.
Printed in the Netherlands.
Contents
Contributing Authors ix
Preface – Satyen Mukherjee xv
Acknowledgement – Editors xix
Foreword – Hugo De Man xxi
Section 1. Introduction 1
1.1 Ambient Intelligence: The Next Wave in Consumer
Electronics 3
Rick Harwig
1.2 The Physical Basis of Ambient Intelligence 9
Henk van Houten
Section 2. Wireless Communication 29
2.1 Circuits and Technologies for Wireless Sensor Networks 31
Brian Otis, Mike Sheets, Yuen-Hui Chee, Huifang
Qin, Nathan Pletcher, and Jan Rabaey
2.2 Wireless Connectivity for In Home Audio/Video Networks 51
Gerhard Fettweis, Ralf Irmer, Marcus Windisch, Denis
Petrovic, and Peter Zillmann
2.3 Body Area Networks: The Ascent of Autonomous Wireless
Microsystems 73
Bert Gyselinckx, Chris Van Hoof, and Stephane Donnay
2.4 Wireless Communication Systems 85
Neil C. Bird
Section 3. Smart Sensors 105
3.1 Interconnect and Packaging Technologies for Realizing
Miniaturized Smart Devices 107
Eric Beyne
v
vi Contents
3.2 CMOS Image Sensors for Ambient Intelligence 125
Albert J.P. Theuwissen, Martijn F. Snoeij, X. Wang,
Padmakumar R. Rao, and Erik Bodegom
3.3 Microsystem Technology for Ambient Intelligence 151
Geert Langereis
Section 4. Low Power Electronics and System Architecture 179
4.1 Low Energy Digital Circuit Design 181
Benton H. Calhoun, Curt Schurgers, Alice Wang,
and Anantha Chandrakasan
4.2 Analog Interface Circuits—The Limit for AmI Applications 203
Michiel Steyaert, Willem Laflere and Wim Vereecken
4.3 Vector Processing as an Enabler for Ambient Intelligence 223
Kees van Berkel, Anteneh Abbo, Srinivasan Balakrishnan,
Richard Kleihorst, Patrick P.E. Meuwissen, Rick Nas
4.4 Xtreme Low Power Technlogy Development Using a Virtual
Design Flow: Enabling Technologies for Ambient
Intelligence Applications 245
P. Christie, R. K. M. Ng, G. Doornbos, A. Heringa,
A. Kumar, and V. H. Nguyen.
Section 5. Energy Supply and Management 263
5.1 Energy Scavenging in Support of Ambient Intelligence:
Techniques, Challenges, and Future Directions 265
Shad Roundy, V. Sundararajan, Jessy Baker, Eric Carleton,
Elizabeth Reilly, Brian Otis, Jan Rabaey, and Paul Wright
5.2 Power Management Options for AmI Applications 285
Derk Reefman, and Eugenio Cantatore
5.3 Rechageable Batteries: Efficient Energy Storage Devices for
Wireless Electronics 315
P.H.L. Notten
Section 6. Enabling Technologies and Devices 347
6.1 Personal Healthcare Devices 349
Steffen Leonhardt
6.2 Carbon Nanotube Field-effect Transistors—The Importance
of Being Small 371
Joachim Knoch and Joerg Appenzeller
6.3 Hardware for Ambient Sound Reproduction 403
Ronald M. Aarts
CONTENTS vii
6.4 Secret Key Generation from Classical Physics:
Physical Uncloneable Functions 421
Pim Tuyls and Boris Sˇkoric´
Section 7. Conclusions 449
7.1 Conclusions and Key Challenges 451
Satyen Mukherjee
Subject Index 459
Author Index 471
Contributing Authors
Ronald M. Aarts
Philips Research Eindhoven
[email protected]
Anteneh Abbo
Philips Research Eindhoven
[email protected]
Joerg Appenzeller
IBM Research
[email protected]
Jessy Baker
University of California at Berkeley
Srinivasan Balakrishnan
Philips Research Eindhoven
[email protected]
Kees van Berkel
Philips Research Eindhoven
Eindhoven University of Technology
[email protected]
Eric Beyne
IMEC, Leuven
[email protected]
Neil C. Bird
Philips Research Eindhoven
[email protected]
Erik Bodegom
Department ofMicroelectronics/DIMES, Delft University of Technology
[email protected]
ix
x Contributing Authors
Benton H. Calhoun
University of Virginia
[email protected]
Eugenio Cantatore
Philips Research Eindhoven
[email protected]
Eric Carleton
University of California at Berkeley
Anantha Chandrakasan
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
[email protected]
Yuen-Hui Chee
Berkeley Wireless Research Center, University of California, Berkeley
P. Christie
Philips Research Leuven
[email protected]
Stephane Donnay
IMEC, Leuven
G. Doornbos
Philips Research Leuven
[email protected]
Gerhard Fettweis
Technische Universita¨t Dresden
[email protected]
Bert Gyselinckx
IMEC, Leuven
[email protected]
Rick Harwig
Philips Research Eindhoven
[email protected]
A. Heringa
Philips Research Leuven
[email protected]
Chris Van Hoof
IMEC, Leuven
CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS xi
Henk van Houten
Philips Research Eindhoven
[email protected]
Ralf Irmer
Technische Universita¨t Dresden
[email protected]
Richard Kleihorst
Philips Research Eindhoven
[email protected]
Joachim Knoch
Institute for Thin Films and Interfaces, Forschungszentrum Ju¨lich
[email protected]
A. Kumar
Philips Research Leuven
[email protected]
Willem Laflere
ESAT-MICAS, KULeuven
[email protected]
Geert Langereis
Philips Research Eindhoven
[email protected]
Steffen Leonhardt
HelmholtzInstituteofBiomedicalEngineering,RWTHAachenUniversity
[email protected]
Hugo De Man
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, IMEC
[email protected]
Patrick P.E. Meuwissen
Philips Research Eindhoven
[email protected]
Satyen Mukherjee
Philips Research North America
[email protected]
Rick Nas
Philips Research Eindhoven
[email protected]
