Table Of ContentAdvances in Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Giovanni Maria Farinella
Sebastiano Battiato
Editors
Roberto Cipolla
Advanced Topics
in Computer
Vision
Advances in Computer Vision and Pattern
Recognition
Forfurthervolumes:
www.springer.com/series/4205
Giovanni Maria Farinella (cid:2) Sebastiano Battiato (cid:2)
Roberto Cipolla
Editors
Advanced Topics
in Computer
Vision
Editors
Dr.GiovanniMariaFarinella Prof.RobertoCipolla
DipartimentodiMatematicaeInformatica DepartmentofEngineering
UniversitàdiCatania UniversityofCambridge
Catania,Italy Cambridge,UK
Prof.SebastianoBattiato
DipartimentodiMatematicaeInformatica
UniversitàdiCatania
Catania,Italy
SeriesEditors
Prof.SameerSingh Dr.SingBingKang
ResearchSchoolofInformatics InteractiveVisualMediaGroup
LoughboroughUniversity MicrosoftResearch
Loughborough,UK Redmond,WA,USA
ISSN2191-6586 ISSN2191-6594(electronic)
AdvancesinComputerVisionandPatternRecognition
ISBN978-1-4471-5519-5 ISBN978-1-4471-5520-1(eBook)
DOI10.1007/978-1-4471-5520-1
SpringerLondonHeidelbergNewYorkDordrecht
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2013950636
©Springer-VerlagLondon2013
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Preface
Computer vision is the science and technology of making machines that see. It is
concernedwiththetheory,designandimplementationofalgorithmsthatcanauto-
maticallyprocessvisualdatatorecognizeobjects,trackandrecovertheirshapeand
spatiallayout.
Thiseditedvolumecontainsaselectionofarticlescoveringboththeoreticaland
practicalaspectsofthethreemainareainComputerVision:Reconstruction,Regis-
tration,andRecognition.Thebookprovidesboth,anin-depthoverviewofchalleng-
ingareas,aswellasnoveladvancedalgorithmswhichexploitMachineLearningand
PatternRecognitiontechniquestoinferthesemanticcontentofimagesandvideos.
Thetopicscoveredbythechaptersincludevisualfeatureextraction,featurematch-
ing,imageregistration,3Dreconstruction,objectdetectionandrecognition,human
actionsrecognition,imagesegmentation,objecttracking,metriclearning,loopybe-
liefpropagation,etc.Eachchaptercontainskeyreferencestotheexistingliterature.
Theauthorsofthechaptershavebeenselectedamongthebeststudentswhoat-
tendedtheInternationalComputerVisionSummerSchool(ICVSS)inthelastyears,
and are co-authored by world renowned researchers in Computer Vision. ICVSS
wasestablishedin2007toprovidebothanobjectiveandclearoverviewandanin-
depthanalysisofthestate-of-the-artresearchinComputerVision.Thecoursesare
deliveredbyexpertsinthefield,frombothacademiaandindustry,andcoverboth
theoretical and practical aspects of real Computer Vision problems. The school is
organized every year by University of Cambridge (Computer Vision and Robotics
Group)andUniversityofCatania(ImageProcessingLab).Differenttopicsarecov-
ered each year. A summary of the past Computer Vision Summer Schools can be
foundat:http://www.dmi.unict.it/icvss.
It is our hope that graduate students, young and senior researchers, and aca-
demic/industrial professionals will find the book useful for understanding and re-
viewingcurrentapproachesinComputerVision,therebycontinuingthemissionof
theInternationalComputerVisionSummerSchool.
Sicily,Italy GiovanniMariaFarinella
June2013 SebastianoBattiato
RobertoCipolla
v
Acknowledgements
Wewouldliketotakethisopportunitytothankallcontributorsofthisbook,andall
peopleinvolvedintheorganizationofICVSS.
vii
Contents
1 VisualFeatures—FromEarlyConceptstoModernComputerVision 1
MartinWeinmann
2 WhereNextinObjectRecognitionandhowmuchSupervision
DoWeNeed? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
SandraEbertandBerntSchiele
3 RecognizingHumanActionsbyUsingEffectiveCodebooks
andTracking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
LambertoBallan,LorenzoSeidenari,GiuseppeSerra,MarcoBertini,
andAlbertoDelBimbo
4 Evaluating and Extending Trajectory Features for Activity
Recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
RossMessing,AtousaTorabi,AaronCourville,andChrisPal
5 Co-recognitionofImagesandVideos:UnsupervisedMatching
ofIdenticalObjectPatternsandItsApplications . . . . . . . . . . 113
MinsuCho,YoungMinShin,andKyoungMuLee
6 StereoMatching—State-of-the-ArtandResearchChallenges . . . 143
MichaelBleyerandChristianBreiteneder
7 VisualLocalizationforMicroAerialVehiclesinUrbanOutdoor
Environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
AndreasWendelandHorstBischof
8 MomentConstraintsinConvexOptimizationforSegmentation
andTracking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
MariaKlodt,FrankSteinbrücker,andDanielCremers
9 Large Scale Metric Learning for Distance-Based Image
ClassificationonOpenEndedDataSets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
ThomasMensink,JakobVerbeek,FlorentPerronnin,and
GabrielaCsurka
ix
x Contents
10 Top–DownBayesianInferenceofIndoorScenes . . . . . . . . . . . 277
LucaDelPeroandKobusBarnard
11 EfficientLoopyBeliefPropagationUsingtheFourColorTheorem 313
RaduTimofteandLucVanGool
12 Boostingk-NearestNeighborsClassification . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
PaoloPiro,RichardNock,WafaBelHajAli,FrankNielsen,and
MichelBarlaud
13 LearningObjectDetectorsinStationaryEnvironments. . . . . . . 377
PeterM.Roth,SabineSternig,andHorstBischof
14 VideoTemporalSuper-resolutionBasedonSelf-similarity . . . . . 411
MihokoShimano,TakahiroOkabe,ImariSato,andYoichiSato
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
Contributors
Editors’Biographies
GiovanniMariaFarinella
GiovanniMariaFarinellaobtainedtheMasterdegreeinComputerScience(egregia
cum laude) from University of Catania in 2004. He was awarded a Ph.D. degree
(ComputerVision)in2008.HebecameAssociateMemberoftheComputerVision
and Robotics Research Group at University of Cambridge in 2006. He joined the
ImageProcessingLaboratory(IPLAB)attheDepartmentofMathematicsandCom-
puterScience,UniversityofCataniain2008asContractResearcher.HeisContract
Professor of Computer Vision at the School of Arts of Catania (since 2004) and
Adjunct Professor of Computer Science at the University of Catania (since 2008).
HisresearchinterestslieinthefieldsofComputerVision,PatternRecognitionand
MachineLearning.Hehaseditedthreevolumesandco-authoredmorethan50pa-
pers in international journals, conference proceedings and book chapters. He is a
co-inventorof3internationalpatents.Dr.Farinellaalsoservesasareviewerandon
the programme committee for major international journals and international con-
ferences.Hehasparticipatedtoseveralinternationalandnationalresearchprojects.
Dr. Farinella founded (in 2006) and currently directs the International Computer
VisionSummerSchool(www.dmi.unict.it/icvss).
SebastianoBattiato
Sebastiano Battiato received his degree in computer science (summa cum laude)
in1995fromUniversityofCataniaandhisPh.D.incomputerscienceandapplied
mathematics from University of Naples in 1999. From 1999 to 2003 he was the
leaderofthe“Imaging”teamatSTMicroelectronicsinCatania.HejoinedtheDe-
partmentofMathematicsandComputerScienceattheUniversityofCataniaasas-
sistantprofessorin2004andbecameassociateprofessorinthesamedepartmentin
2011.Hisresearchinterestsincludeimageenhancementandprocessing,imagecod-
ing, camera imaging technology and multimedia forensics. He has edited 4 books
xi
xii Contributors
and co-authored more than 150 papers in international journals, conference pro-
ceedings and book chapters. He is a co-inventor of about 15 international patents,
reviewerfor severalinternationaljournals,andhehasbeenregularlyamemberof
numerousinternationalconferencecommittees.ProfessorBattiatohasparticipated
inmanyinternationalandnationalresearchprojects.Chairofseveralinternational
events(IWCV2012,ECCV2012,VISAPP2012-2013-2014,ICIAP2011,ACMMi-
For2010-2011,SPIEEIDigitalPhotography2011-2012-2013,etc.).Heisanasso-
ciate editor of the IEEE Transactions on Circuits and System for Video Technol-
ogy and of the SPIE Journal of Electronic Imaging. Guest editor of the following
special issues: “Emerging Methods for Color Image and Video Quality Enhance-
ment”publishedonEURASIPJournalonImageandVideoProcessing(2010)and
“MultimediainForensics,SecurityandIntelligence”publishedonIEEEMultime-
diaMagazine(2012).Heistherecipientofthe2011BestAssociateEditorAwardof
theIEEETransactionsonCircuitsandSystemsforVideoTechnology.Heisdirec-
tor(andco-founder)oftheInternationalComputerVisionSummerSchool(ICVSS).
HeisaseniormemberoftheIEEE.
RobertoCipolla
Roberto Cipolla obtained the B.A. degree (Engineering) from the University of
Cambridgein1984andanM.S.E.(ElectricalEngineering)fromtheUniversityof
Pennsylvaniain1985.From1985to1988hestudiedandworkedinJapanattheOs-
aka University of Foreign Studies (Japanese Language) and Electrotechnical Lab-
oratory.In1991,hewasawardedaD.Phil.(ComputerVision)fromtheUniversity
ofOxfordandfrom1991–1992wasaToshibaFellowandengineerattheToshiba
CorporationResearchandDevelopmentCentreinKawasaki,Japan.Hejoinedthe
Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge in 1992 as a Lecturer and a
FellowofJesusCollege.HebecameaReaderinInformationEngineeringin1997
andaProfessorin2000.HeisaFellowattheRoyalAcademyofEngineering(since
2010); also a Professor of Computer Vision at the Royal Academy of Arts, Lon-
don(since2004)andDirectorofToshiba’sCambridgeResearchLaboratory(since
2007). His research interests are in computer vision and robotics and include the
recovery of motion and 3D shape of visible surfaces from image sequences; ob-
jectdetectionandrecognition;novelman–machineinterfacesusinghand,faceand
bodygestures;real-timevisualtrackingforlocalizationandrobotguidance;appli-
cationsofcomputervisioninmobilephones,visualinspectionandimage-retrieval
andvideosearch.Hehasauthored3books,edited8volumesandco-authoredmore
than 300 papers. Professor Cipolla founded (in 2006) and currently directs the In-
ternationalComputerVisionSummerSchool.
