Adenosine: A Key Link between Metabolism and Brain Activity

680 Pages·2013·7.93 MB·English

by  Bertil B. Fredholm (auth.), Susan Masino, Detlev Boison (eds.)

Adenosine

Susan Masino Detlev Boison
●
Editors
Adenosine
A Key Link between Metabolism
and Brain Activity
Editors
Susan Masino Detlev Boison
Trinity College Legacy Research Institute
Hartford, CT, USA Portland, OR, USA
ISBN 978-1-4614-3902-8 ISBN 978-1-4614-3903-5 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-3903-5
Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London
Library of Congress Control Number: 2012943605
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013
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Preface
For many years the “retaliatory metabolite” and neuromodulator adenosine has
been recognized as an endogenous anticonvulsant and neuroprotective molecule. As
the core molecule of ATP and of nucleic acids, adenosine forms a unique link among
cell energy, gene regulation, and neuronal excitability. Adenosine has long been a
highly coveted therapeutic target, and its actions at the A receptor subtype hold
1
well-established and profound therapeutic potential for conditions such as stroke,
brain injury, pain, and epilepsy, among others. To date, receptor-based strategies to
augment the therapeutic in fl uence of adenosine have been unable to harness its
clinical potential, primarily due to side effects at identical peripheral adenosine
receptors.
Emerging evidence ignites new hope for adenosine-based therapies in the central
nervous system. Parallel and converging lines of research include studies on the
ongoing regulation of adenosine by nonpathological, physiologically relevant
v
vi Preface
stimuli, by metabolism and astrocytes and also by exciting new cell-based
approaches. All of these modes of regulation have detailed associated mechanisms
established by basic research and, accordingly, proven or predicted clinical
implications.
In this book we assemble diverse recent research on regulating the in fl uence of
adenosine in the central nervous system. We outline clinical implications and high-
light emerging adenosine-based therapies. For example, the relationship between
adenosine and the highly altered metabolic state during hibernation has important
predictions for neuroprotection. As part of a major paradigm shift, we now under-
stand that the regulation of extracellular adenosine by astrocytes is critical for nor-
mal sleep and could be pivotal for the prevention and treatment of epilepsy. In
addition, there is an established functional relationship where adenosine and dop-
amine receptors form receptor heteromers and extend the clinical reach of the
regulation of adenosine directly into the realm of dopaminergic disorders and neu-
ropsychiatry. Finally, a ketogenic (high-fat, low-carbohydrate) diet is a metabolic
therapy used to treat pediatric and medically refractory epilepsy for nearly
100 years. Although its ef fi cacy is well established, the key neural mechanisms
underlying its success remained unclear, hindering development of analogous
pharmacological solutions. Converging evidence points to a critical link between
ketogenic metabolism and increased adenosine.
Given its ubiquitous presence in the extracellular fl uid, and the central role of
adenosine as both a metabolic sensor and an effector, it is not surprising that adenos-
ine function and dysfunction in the central nervous system appears to be a common
link between diverse neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions. The broad ther-
apeutic implications of understanding the regulation of adenosine extend to acute
and chronic neurological disorders as diverse as brain injury, epilepsy, pain, neuro-
degenerative disorders, and dopamine-related disorders. Here we combine cellular
and clinical evidence in an attempt to strengthen the conceptual underpinnings of
this important research area and foster a broad and interdisciplinary perspective
regarding the therapeutic potential and mechanisms associated with adenosine in
the central nervous system.
We would like to express our sincere thanks to all the authors for their excellent
contributions and commitment for making this book possible. We thank them for
their patience and adherence to editorial timelines. We thank the many experts who
contributed to the peer-review process and the success of this publishing endeavor.
We are indebted to Sue Crawford who provided invaluable assistance. Finally we
wish to thank Simina Calin and Ann Avouris at Springer for their continued support
and guidance.
Hartford, CT, USA Susan Masino
Portland, OR, USA Detlev Boison
Contents
Part I Introduction
1 Adenosine and Metabolism—A Brief Historical Note ......................... 3
Bertil B. Fredholm
Part II Molecular Biology, Pharmacology, and Cell Biology of Adenosine
2 Adenosine Metabolism, Adenosine Kinase, and Evolution ................. 23
Jaoek Park and Radhey S. Gupta
3 Adenosine and Energy Metabolism—Relationship
to Brain Bioenergetics ............................................................................. 55
Xuesong Chen, Liang Hui, and Jonathan D. Geiger
4 Adenosine and Autocrine Metabolic Regulation
of Neuronal Activity ................................................................................ 71
Masahito Kawamura Jr. and David N. Ruskin
5 Physiologic and Metabolic Regulation of Adenosine:
Mechanisms ............................................................................................. 87
Chris G. Dulla and Susan A. Masino
6 The Double-Edged Sword: Gaining Adenosine
at the Expense of ATP. How to Balance the Books............................... 109
Stephanie zur Nedden, Alexander S. Doney,
and Bruno G. Frenguelli
7 Downstream Pathways of Adenosine..................................................... 131
Ana M. Sebastião, Sofia Cristóvão-Ferreira,
and Joaquim A. Ribeiro
vii
viii Contents
8 Astrocytic ATP Release ........................................................................... 157
Dustin J. Hines and Philip G. Haydon
9 Role of Striatal A Receptor Subpopulations
2A
in Neurological Disorders ....................................................................... 179
Sergi Ferré, César Quiroz, Marco Orrú, Xavier Guitart,
Seema Gulyani, Richard Allen, and Christopher J. Earley
Part III Adenosine Function and Dysfunction in Brain Health and Disease
10 Sleep and Adenosine: Human Studies ................................................... 201
Tarja Porkka-Heiskanen
11 Adenosine and Other Purinergic Products
in Circadian Timing ................................................................................ 213
Christine Muheim and Steven A. Brown
12 Adenosine in the Immune System .......................................................... 233
György Haskó, Balázs Koscsó, and Balázs Csóka
13 The Bioenergetic Network of Adenosine in Hibernation,
Sleep, and Thermoregulation ................................................................. 253
Kelly L. Drew and Tulasi R. Jinka
14 Adenosine and Stroke ............................................................................. 273
Felicita Pedata, Anna Maria Pugliese, Francesca Corti,
and Alessia Melani
15 The Many Roles of Adenosine in Traumatic Brain Injury .................. 307
Patrick M. Kochanek, Jonathan D. Verrier, Amy K. Wagner,
and Edwin K. Jackson
16 Therapeutic Perspectives of Adenosine Receptor Compounds
in Functional Restitution After Spinal Cord Injury ............................ 323
Kwaku D. Nantwi
17 Adenosine and Pain ................................................................................. 343
Jana Sawynok
18 Symptomatic and Neuroprotective Effects of A Receptor
2A
Antagonists in Parkinson’s Disease ....................................................... 361
Annalisa Pinna, Nicola Simola, Lucia Frau,
and Micaela Morelli
19 Adenosine Receptors and Alzheimer’s Disease .................................... 385
David Blum, Ursula Sandau, Cyril Laurent, Vânia Batalha,
Antoine Leboucher, Malika Hamdane, Florence Pasquier,
Detlev Boison, Luc Buée, and Luísa V. Lopes
Contents ix
20 Adenosine Receptors in Huntington’s Disease ..................................... 409
David Blum, Alberto Martire, Sylvie Burnouf,
Bernard Sablonnière, Pierre Krystkowiak, Catherine Ledent,
Luisa V. Lopes, and Patrizia Popoli
21 Adenosine and Multiple Sclerosis .......................................................... 435
María Victoria Sánchez-Gómez, Estibaliz González-Fernández,
Rogelio O. Arellano, and Carlos Matute
22 Adenosinergic Perspectives on Schizophrenia: Opportunity
for an Integrative Synthesis ................................................................... 459
Benjamin K. Yee, Philipp Singer, and Detlev Boison
23 The Role of Adenosine in the Ventral Striatal Circuits
Regulating Behavioral Activation and Effort-Related
Decision Making: Importance for Normal and Pathological
Aspects of Motivation ............................................................................. 493
John D. Salamone, Merce Correa, Patrick A. Randall,
Eric J. Nunes, Marta Pardo, and Laura Lopez-Cruz
24 Adenosine and Autism: Physiological Symptoms
and Metabolic Opportunities ................................................................. 513
Julia Svedova, Inge-Marie Eigsti, and Susan A. Masino
25 Stress, Brain Adenosine Signaling, and Fatigue-Related
Behavioral Processes ............................................................................... 535
Traci N. Plumb, Sarah R. Sterlace, Kelly A. Cavanaugh,
and Thomas R. Minor
Part IV Adenosine-Based Therapies
26 Disruption of Adenosine Homeostasis in Epilepsy
and Therapeutic Adenosine Augmentation .......................................... 561
Detlev Boison
27 Ketogenic Diet and Epilepsy: The Role of Adenosine .......................... 581
Jong M. Rho, Beth Zupec-Kania, and Susan A. Masino
28 Silk: A Biocompatible and Biodegradable Biopolymer
for Therapeutic Adenosine Delivery ...................................................... 599
Eleanor M. Pritchard, Detlev Boison, and David L. Kaplan
29 Anatomical Distribution of Nucleoside System in the Human
Brain and Implications for Therapy ..................................................... 621
Zsolt Kovács and Arpád Dobolyi
Index ................................................................................................................. 657