Table Of ContentGovernment of Alberta ■
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
MESSAGE FROM THE MINISTER 1
INTRODUCTION 3
ADDRESSING ELDER ABUSE IS EVERYONE’S BUSINESS ... 5
BUILDING ON OUR WORK 10
ADDRESSING ELDER ABUSE IN ALBERTA 13
Vision And Principles 13
Roles And Responsibilities 14
A C omprehensive Approach 15
GOALS AND ACTIONS 17
Improved Awareness 17
Skilled Service Providers 18
Coordinated Community Responses 20
Protective Laws And Policies 22
WORKING TOGETHER TO ACHIEVE SUCCESS 26
MESSAGE FROM THE MINISTER
I a m pleased to present Addressing Elder
Abuse in Alberta: A S trategy for Collective
Action. This Strategy provides a p lan for the
Government of Alberta, in collaboration with
community partners and all Albertans, to
work together to prevent and address elder
abuse. All sectors and citizens can contribute
to an Alberta where seniors are able to
feel safe and participate in all aspects of
community life.
Elder abuse has devastating consequences.
It j eopardizes the health and well-being of
seniors and has significant implications for the
health, social support and justice systems.
Elder abuse can take on many forms — i t
can be emotional, financial, physical or sexual in nature. Preventing and addressing
elder abuse starts with knowledge. All Albertans need to know the signs of elder
abuse and where to go for help.
Eliminating elder abuse starts with creating a p ositive change in society’s attitudes
by dispelling common myths and stereotypes about seniors and the aging process.
Seniors deserve to be treated with dignity and respect, just as all citizens do. They
make significant contributions to our province as neighbours, caregivers, volunteers,
grandparents, employers, employees and taxpayers, and these contributions are
vital to our social fabric. By fostering a c ulture of respect for and appreciation of
seniors, among all g enerations, together we can prevent elder abuse.
As we continue to celebrate our province as a p lace that values and honours
seniors, I e ncourage you to join me, my colleagues and our community partners in
implementing Addressing Elder Abuse in Alberta: A S trategy for Collective Action.
Sincerely,
Mary Anne Jablonski
Minister, Seniors and Community Supports
INTRODUCTION
Seniors make important contributions to Alberta society in their roles as parents,
grandparents, caregivers, volunteers, mentors, employers, employees and
taxpayers. Their experience, knowledge and skills enrich their communities and
society as a w hole. Seniors add to the diversity and vibrancy of Alberta.
Like all citizens, seniors deserve to be treated with
Elder abuse can
dignity and respect. However, various studies indicate
that between 4 p er cent and 8 p er cent of older adults take many forms,
in Canada are likely to experience abuse. Elder abuse and it c an affect any
can take many forms, and it c an affect any senior,
senior, regardless
regardless of socio-economic background, health
of socio-economic
status or cultural heritage. However, those seniors
background,
who are older in age, are more socially isolated, have
health status or
reduced cognitive capacity, or have a d isability may be
cultural heritage.
at higher risk of abuse.
Elder abuse is a s erious social and public health issue.
It u ndermines a s enior’s independence, dignity and
sense of security, and it d amages lives and destroys Elder abuse is a
relationships in the process. serious social and
As in many other jurisdictions around the world, public health issue.
It undermines
the number and proportion of seniors in Alberta is
expected to steadily increase over the next several
decades. This is largely due to longer life expectancies, independence,
a senior’s
lower fertility rates and the aging of the “baby boom”
dignity and sense
generation. By 2031 , when the last member of the of security, and
“baby boom” generation reaches 65 years of age, it i s it d amages lives
projected that one in five Albertans will be a senior.
and destroys
The Government of Alberta’s Aging Population Policy relationships in
Framework provides an overall context for how the
the process.
government will work with other governments, the
private and non-profit sectors, communities, families
and individuals to meet the needs of seniors in effective and sustainable ways.
The Framework sets out a s eries of key policy directions in eight theme areas of
importance to an aging population. Safety and security is one of the theme areas
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identified. Its associated policy directions are focused on increasing public and
service provider awareness of elder abuse and enhancing the ability of communities
to respond to these situations.
To address the issue of elder abuse in a meaningful way, collective action is
required on the part of all sectors of society, including governments, communities,
businesses and individuals. Informed by research and the input of stakeholders,
Addressing Elder Abuse in Alberta sets out an approach for this collective action,
recognizing the vital roles that all p artners share in supporting the safety, security
and dignity of Alberta seniors. The Strategy identifies goals and associated
outcomes in four key areas: improved awareness; skilled service providers;
coordinated community responses; and protective laws and policies.
Addressing Elder Abuse in Alberta builds on the province’s existing and ongoing
efforts in p reventing family violence and bullying. As part of the implementation of
the Government of Alberta’s Strategy for the Prevention of Family Violence and
Bullying, the associated Cross-Ministry Action Plan is updated each year, setting
out a series of priorities developed by partnering ministries. Actions focused
on preventing and addressing elder abuse are identified as a p riority in the
Cross-Ministry Action Plan with Alberta Seniors and Community Supports being
responsible for providing leadership in this area.
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ADDRESSING ELDER ABUSE IS
EVERYONE’S BUSINESS
As a complex social and public health issue, elder abuse has significant personal,
social and economic implications for victims, families, local communities, and for
taxpayer-funded services, including the health and
justice systems. In some cases, victims of elder abuse
The two most
may experience declining physical and mental health,
including depression and even suicide. frequently identified
and reported types
There are numerous misconceptions regarding elder
of elder abuse in
abuse, including the notion that elder abuse only
Canada are financial
happens to very old, very frail seniors and those in
institutional care. Though seniors in these situations and emotional.
may be at greater risk of abuse because of complex These two forms of
medical conditions, which may include cognitive
abuse represent 40
impairment, the larger reality is that any senior can be
to 70 per cent of all
affected by elder abuse.
reported cases.
The two most frequently identified and reported types
of elder abuse in Canada are financial and emotional.
According to statistics, these two forms of abuse represent 40 to 70 per cent of all
reported cases.1 However, elder abuse can take many different forms, including:
■ Emotional abuse — A ctions or statements that cause emotional anguish,
fear, diminished self-esteem or dignity.
■ Financial abuse — T he misuse of a s enior’s funds or property through fraud,
trickery, theft or force.
■ Medication abuse — T he intentional or unintentional misuse of medications
and prescriptions, such as withholding or providing doses that cause bodily
harm, sedation or other adverse effect(s).
■ Physical abuse — A ctions that cause physical discomfort, pain or injury.
■ Sexual abuse — U nwanted sexual behaviours including sexual comments,
exploitive use of pornography, fondling or sexual assault.
■ Neglect — T he active (intentional) or passive (unintentional) failure to provide
a s enior with a b asic level of care.
1 A n Environmental Scan of Abuse and Neglect of Older Adults in Canada: What’s Working and Why. Report
prepared for the Federal/Provincial/Territorial Committee of Officials (Seniors), September 2003.
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Not all forms of elder abuse can be considered criminal in nature, as set out in the
Criminal Code of Canada. Verbal abuse, for example, is only a c riminal offence if t here
is a t hreat to kill or harm someone. The effects and consequences of non-criminal
abuse, however, can be just as serious as criminal forms of abuse.
Elder abuse is a m ultifaceted issue and there a n umber of factors that make it
challenging to effectively address.
■ The extent of elder abuse is difficult to determine.
Elder abuse is
There is limited data about elder abuse in
often committed by
Canada, and throughout the world. A k ey
someone known to
reason for this is that many cases of elder abuse
the victim, such as
go unreported. Data from surveys and police
records only capture what victims are willing a f amily member,
to disclose, and community service providers friend, or caregiver.
may not collect or track data, or do so in a
Approximately
standardized manner.2 In fact, only one in five
25 per cent of
abuse situations involving older adults comes to
crimes against
the attention of authorities.3
older adults are
Those who suffer elder abuse can be reluctant
committed by
to report the abuse or seek help. Shame or guilt
family members,
may prevent some abused seniors from revealing
their abuser while others may be fearful of the usually a spouse or
adult child.
repercussions that could occur as a r esult of
reporting the abuse, especially if t he abuser is a
family member. An abused senior may also fear
that reporting the abuse will result in the loss of their caregiver, loss of access
to grandchildren or other family members, loss of their home, or result in their
relocation to unfamiliar surroundings or an institution.
Victims of elder abuse may also regard the abuse as “normal” behaviour, or
may mistakenly or wrongly believe they did something to bring on the abuse.
In some cases the victim may not understand or be aware they are suffering
abuse. Sometimes those suffering elder abuse do not have the capacity to
report the abuse, while others simply do not know where to turn for assistance.
2 W orld Health Organization & I nternational Network for the Prevention of Elder Abuse (2002); Statistics Canada,
Family Violence: A S tatistical Profile, 2004. ; C anadian Network for the Prevention of Elder Abuse, What is
Senior Abuse?
3 I bid.
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