Table Of ContentACTINOBACTERIA
Application in Bioremediation and
Production of Industrial Enzymes
ACTINOBACTERIA
Application in Bioremediation and
Production of Industrial Enzymes
Editors
María Julia Amoroso
Universidad Nacional de Tucumán/PROIMI
(Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales y
Microbiológicos-CONICET-Tucumán-Argentina)
Tucumán
Argentina
Claudia Susana Benimeli
Universidad del Norte Santo Tomás de
Aquino/PROIMI (Planta Piloto de
Procesos Industriales y Microbiológicos-
CONICET-Tucumán-Argentina)
Tucumán
Argentina
Sergio Antonio Cuozzo
Universidad Nacional de Tucumán/PROIMI
(Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales y
Microbiológicos-CONICET-Tucumán-Argentina)
Tucumán
Argentina
p,
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Preface
This book provides useful information on actinobacteria phylum, a bacterial
group with a great metabolic versatility, and which has a wide spectrum
of useful applications: in industry, in medicine and in environmental
protection. Actinobacteria are abundant in soil, and are responsible for much
of the breakdown of resistant carbohydrates such as chitin and cellulose.
Many actinobacteria are well known as degraders of toxic materials and
are used in bioremediation. They are particularly well adapted to survival
in harsh environments. Some are able to grow at elevated temperatures
and are essential to the composting process. Several actinobacteria are
important human, animal and plant pathogens. Morever, they are major
producers of medically important antibiotics, especially members of the
genus Streptomyces, the most abundant group.
This book describes isolated actinobacteria from different environments,
and how these can be used to bioremediate heavy metals and pesticides in
contaminated sites. It also describes how free-living actinobacteria acquire
the capability to produce nodules in plants and how this factor could be
important for accelerating the degradation of pesticides in soils or slurries.
Some chapters show how actinobacteria can be used to produce industrial
enzymes and metabolites under different physicochemical conditions for
use in the food industry. This book will interest professionals involved with
waste management, environmental protection and pollution abatement.
Tucumán María Julia Amoroso
Argentina Claudia Susana Benimeli
Sergio Antonio Cuozzo
November 2012
Contents
Preface v
1. Biology of Actinomycetes in the Rhizosphere of 1
Nitrogen-Fixing Plants
Mariana Solans and Gernot Vobis
2. Cultural Factors Affecting Heavy Metals Removal by 26
Actinobacteria
Villegas Liliana Beatriz, Rodríguez Analia, Pereira Claudia
Elizabeth and Abate, Carlos Mauricio
3. Morphological Changes and Oxidative Stress in 44
Actinobacteria during Removal of Heavy Metals
Verónica L. Colin, Liliana B. Villegas, Claudia E. Pereira,
María J. Amoroso and Carlos M. Abate
4. Activation of Silent Genes in Actinobacteria by Exploiting 56
Metal Stress
Götz Haferburg and Erika Kothe
5. Overview of Copper Resistance and Oxidative Stress 74
Response in Amycolatopsis tucumanensis, a Useful
Strain for Bioremediation
José S. Dávila Costa, Erika Kothe, María J. Amoroso and
Carlos M. Abate
6. Multi-metal Bioremediation by Microbial Assisted 87
Phytoremediation
Martin Reinicke, Frank Schindler, Martin Roth and Erika Kothe
7. Cooperative Activity of Actinobacteria and Plants in Soil 106
Bioremediation Processes
Mariana C. Atjian, Marta A. Polti, María J. Amoroso and
Carlos M. Abate
8. Cadmium Bioremediation by a Resistant Streptomyces Strain 122
Siñeriz Louis Manuel, Kothe Erika and Abate Carlos Mauricio
viii Actinobacteria
9. Streptomyces from Soils Contaminated with Boron 136
Compounds
Norma Beatriz Moraga, María Julia Amoroso and
Verónica Beatriz Rajal
10. Biodegradation of Pesticides by Actinobacteria and their 165
Possible Application in Biobed Systems
Gabriela Briceño, Leticia Pizzul and María Cristina Diez
11. Lindane Removal Using Streptomyces Strains and Maize 192
(Zeas mays) Plants
Analía Álvarez, Luciano Matías Yañez and María Julia Amoroso
12. Actinobacteria Consortia as Lindane Bioremediation Tool 206
for Liquid and Soil Systems
María S. Fuentes, Juliana M. Sáez, Claudia S. Benimeli and
María J. Amoroso
13. Chlordane Biodegradation Under Aerobic Conditions by 227
Actinobacteria Strains
Natalia Bourguignon, Sergio A. Cuozzo, María S. Fuentes,
Claudia S. Benimeli and María J. Amoroso
14. Metabolic Diversity and Flexibility for Hydrocarbon 241
Biodegradation by Rhodococcus
Héctor M. Alvarez and Roxana A. Silva
15. Cold-active Enzymes Bioprospecting from Actinobacteria 274
Isolated from Beagle Channel, in South Extreme of Argentina
Adriana E. Alvarenga, Claudia E. Pereira, Héctor A. Cristóbal and
Carlos M. Abate
Index 285
Color Plate Section 287
CHAPTER 1
Biology of Actinomycetes
in the Rhizosphere of
Nitrogen-Fixing Plants
Mariana Solans* and Gernot Vobis
Introduction
The general characteristics of the actinomycetes have been known for a
long time. However, during the last few years, it was possible to learn
more about their manifold functions in nature. Two genera, Streptomyces
and Frankia, were detected in the second half of the 19th century and
Micromonospora and Actinoplanes during the fi rst half of the 20th century.
In 1875, Cohn illustrated for the fi rst time the typical sporulating hyphae
of the genus Streptomyces (Miyadoh et al. 1997). The knowledge of this
important soil inhabiting actinomycete was enlarged fundamentally by the
taxonomic description of the species Streptomyces scabies, the pathogene of
the potato scab (Thaxter 1891). The most typical saprophytic characters of
this genus, the life cycle, the physiological requirements and the metabolic
activities were studied intensively during the following decades, in which
the discovery of antibiotics produced by streptomycetes strains was of
Departamento de Botánica, Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche, Universidad Nacional
del Comahue. INIBIOMA—CONICET. Quintral 1250, 8400 S.C. de Bariloche, Río Negro,
Argentina.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]; [email protected]
