A review of Capoeta tinca, with descriptions of two new species from Turkey (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)

2006·6.1 MB·English

by  D Turan

Revue suisse de Zoologie 113 (2): 421-436;juin 2006
A review of Capoeta tinca, with descriptions oftwo new species
from Turkey (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)
DavutTURAN1, Maurice KOTTELAT2, F. GülerEKMEKÇI3 &
H. Oguz IMAMOGLU1
1 Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty ofFisheries andAquatic Sciences,
53100 Rize, Turkey. E-mail: [email protected]
2Corresponding author, Route da la Baroche 12, CH-2952 Cornol, Switzerland
(permanent address) and Raffles Museum ofBiodiversity Research,
National University ofSingapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 119260.
E-mail: [email protected]
3DepartmentofBiology, Faculty ofSciences, HacettepeUniversity, Beytepe Campus,
06532Ankara, Turkey. E-mail: [email protected]
A review of Capoeta tinea, with descriptions of two new species from
Turkey (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). - Fishes previously referred to Capoeta
C
tinea in Turkey and Georgia belong to three species: tinea in rivers
drainingto theMarmaraSea, C. baliki, new species, inriversdraining tothe
southwesternBlackSea, and C. banarescui, new species, intheÇoruhRiver
drainage. Capoeta banarescui is distinguished by missing sexual
dimorphism inthe mouth shape (presentinthe two other species) andfewer
and larger scales. Capoeta baliki is distinguished by its more slender body
and caudal peduncle, and blunter head.
Keywords: New species - Cyprinidae - Capoeta - Çoruh River - Sakarya
River - Kizilirmak River - Anatolia.
INTRODUCTION
Heckel (1843) described Scaphiodon tinea from "Brussa in Natolien", the
present city ofBursa, in the Niliiferdrainage, a stream flowing to the SeaofMarmara
inTurkey. Günther(1868), Steindachner(1897),Berg(1949), andKosswig&Battalgil
(1943) reported this species as Varichorhinus tinea from Bursa, Ankara, Esksehir,
Sakarya and Trabzon. Karaman (1969) revised the genus Varicorhinus and placed V.
tinea in the genus Capoeta. Since, several authors have reported C. tinea from central
and northernAnatolia (e.g., Kuru, 1975; Bahk, 1979; Erk'akan, 1981; Kutrup, 1994).
Although these authors examined differentpopulations, all recorded somewhat similar
lateral line scale and and gill rakercounts.
Banarescu & Herzig-Straschil (1999) redescribed C. tinea and mentioned
considerable differences between specimens from Çoruh drainage (northeastern
Anatolia) andthosefromwesternandcentralAnatolia.Wehavecomparedthedifferent
populations which have been referred to C. tinea and conclude that they are in fact
three species.TheÇoruh andSakaryapopulations aredescribedas twonew species, C.
banarescui and C. baliki, respectively.
Manuscriptaccepted 28.11.2005
422 D. TURANETAL.
MATERIALAND METHODS
Fish were caught with pulsed DC electrofishing equipment. Material is depo-
sited in: ESFM, Museum of the Faculty of Fisheries, Ege University, Izmir; FFR,
Zoology Museum of the Faculty of Fisheries, Karadeniz Technical University, Rize;
and CMK, the collection ofthe second author. Additional material is preserved in the
mm
collection ofthe third author. Measurements were taken with digital calipers (0.1
accuracy). Counts andmeasurements followHubbs &Lagler(1947)exceptasfollows.
Head widthj: distance between anterior margin ofeye; head width distance between
2:
posterior margin ofeyes; snout width: measured at level ofnostril. Lateral line scale
count includes scales on the base of the caudal fin. Vertebae count includes the four
Weberian vertebrae and the hypural complex. The last two branched anal and dorsal-
fin rays articulating on the same pterygiophore are counted as one.
Capoeta tinea (Heckel, 1843) Fig. 1
Capoeta tinea Heckel, 1843: 1021 (type locality: "Brussa in Natolien"; lectotype: Natur-
historisches Museum Wien 55931:1, designated by Banarescu & Herzig-Straschil, in
Banarescu, 1999: 413).
Material examined: FFR 717, 2, 145-157 mm SL; Turkey: Bursa: Nilüfer River,
40°15'N28°55'E;D.Turan&S. G. Kirankaya, 15 September2004.-FFR718,23, 116-201 mm;
CMK 18538, 10, 113-179mmSL;Turkey: Bahkesir: KocaRiver,Manyas,40°05'N28°02'E;D.
Turan & S. G. Kirankaya, 14 September2004.
Diagnosis: Capoeta tinea is distinguished from the other species ofthe genus
by the combination of the following characters: two pairs ofbarbels; snout rounded;
69-80 lateral line scales; 14-17 scales rows between lateral line and dorsal-fin origin,
12-14 between lateral line and anal-fin origin; 19-23 gill rakers on the first gill arch;
lowerjaw slightly arched in males, straight in females; head length 23.3-26.7% SL;
depth ofcaudal peduncle 10.8-13.4% SL; head width at posterior margin ofeye 49.3-
56.5% HL; snout depth at nostril 30.0-41.1% HL; length ofanteriorbarbel 8.1-14.1%
HLand posteriorbarbel 11.5-19.3% HL.
Description: See Figure 1 for general appearance and Tables 1-2 for morpho-
metric and meristic data. Dorsal head profile convex. Snout rounded, blunt, triangular
in ventral view, depth slightly smaller than width at nostrils. Mouth wide, shape
sexually dimorphic, arched in male, straight in female (Fig. 2). Rostral fold well
developed, partly hiding upper lip. Upper and lower lips adnate to jaws, lower jaw
covered with horny sheath. No tubercles on head. Anterior barbel not reaching corner
of mouth. Posterior barbel reaching about middle of eye. Predorsal profile of body
convex. Body high and weakly compressed.
Dorsal fin with 3 or4 simple and 8 branched rays, outer margin slightly emar-
ginate, origin slightly in front of vertical through pelvic-fin origin, last simple ray
moderately ossified, proximal two thirds rigid, and with 24-28 serrae on posterior
margin (Fig. 3a). Pectoral fin with 18-20 branched rays. Pelvic fin with 1 simple and
8-9 branched rays. Anal fin with 3 simple and 5 branched rays, outer margin convex.
Caudal fin long and deeply forked. Gill rakers, 6-7 +1 + 12-15 = 19-23 on outer side
mm
offirst arch, numberincreasing with size (19, in 6 specimens about 125 SL; 20, in
mm mm
8 specimens about 136 SL; 21, in 4 specimens about 145 SL; 22, in 5 spe-
REVIEWOF CAPOETA TINCA 423
Fig. 1
Capoeta tinca, FFR. 718, 129 mm SL;Turkey: KocaRiver.
Fig. 2
Capoeta tinca, FFR718, female, 129 mm SL(left) and male, 136 mm SL(rigth).
mm mm
cimens about 160 SL; 23, in 2 specimens about 200 SL). 69-80 lateral line
scales, 14-17betweendorsal-finoriginandlaterallineand9-11 betweenanal-finorigin
and lateral line. 44-46 (modally 45) total vertebrae.
Sexual dimorphism: Males collected in September have no tubercles on side
and tip ofsnout, and on cheeks. Mouth slightly arched in male, straight in female.
Coloration: Live and formalin preserved specimens dark brown on back and
flanks, yellowish white on belly. Each scale margined by a band of black pigments,
forming aregularreticulated pattern. Dorsal and caudal fins grey; pectoral, pelvic and
anal fins whitish.
424 D. TURAN ETAL.
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426 D. TURANETAL.
Fig. 3
Lastsimpledorsal-finrayof: a, Capoeta tinea,FFR718, 139mmSL, female; b, C. banarescui,
FFR712, 144mm SL, female; andc, C. baliki, FFR 713, 148 mm SL, female.
• C. banarescui
M
C. baliki
-ookm Mediterranean C. antalyensis
Fig. 4
DistributionofCapoeta tinea, C. banarescui, C. balikiand C. antalyensisinTurkey.
Distribution: Capoeta tinea is known from the rivers draining to the southern
shore ofthe Marmara Sea (Fig. 4).
Habitatandbiology: Capoeta tinea inhabits swiftflowingwater, withcobbles
and pebbles bottom. Alburnoides bipunctatus, Barbus cf. oligolepis, Barbus sp.,
Chalcalburnus chalcoides, Rhodeussericeus, Squaliuscf. orientalis, and Vimba vimba
have been collected together with C. tinea.
REVIEW OF CAPOETA TINCA All
Capoeta banarescui sp. n. Fig. 5
Capoeta tinca (non Heckel, 1843): Derjugin, 1899 : 155 (in part; Çoruh River, Georgia); Berg,
1914: 0168 (Olty-tchai [Oltu Çayi], Çoruh drainage); Karaman, 1969: 37 (in part; Çoruh
drainage: TortumReservoir).
Varicorhinustinca (nonHeckel, 1843): Berg, 1914: 554 (ÇoruhandRiondrainages), 1949: 684
(inpart; Çoruh andRiondrainage, Georgia); Elanidze, 1983: 117 (Çoruh, Georgia).
mm
Holotype: ESFM-PISI/2004-072, 177 SL; Turkey: Artvin: Tortum District: Çoruh
drainage, streamTortum, 100kmnorthofErzurum;40°34'N41°36'E; D. Turan,F. G. Ekmekçi,
H. O. Imamoglu, O. Serdar& S. G. Kirankaya, 19July 2004.
Paratypes. ESFM-PISI/2004-073, 4, 166-201 mm SL; FFR 712, 16, 85-232 mm SL;
CMK 18474, 5, 135-193 mm SL; same data as holotype. - FFR 711, 9, 163-231 mm SL; CMK
18540, 9, 121-193 mmSL;Turkey:Artvin: Çoruhdrainage,Bulanikstream, Savsat, 30kmeast
ofArtvin, 41°34'N 42°14'E; D. Turan, F G. Ekmekçi, H. O. Imamoglu, O. Serdar & S. G.
Kirankaya, 19 June 2004. - FFR 720, 3, 92-125 mm SL; CMK 18549, 1, 145 mm SL; Turkey:
Çavuslu, Borçka, 41°21'N41°42'E; D. Turan, 13 October2004.
Diagnosis: Capoeta banarescui is distinguished from the other species of the
genus by the combination of the following characters: two pairs of barbels; snout
pointed; 64-77 lateral line scales; 12-14rows ofscales between lateral line anddorsal-
fin origin, 9-11 between lateral line and anal-fin origin; 12-16 gill rakers on first gill
arch; shape oflowerjaw not sexually dimorphic; headlength 22.2-25.8% SL; depth of
caudal peduncle 9.8-11.7% SL; head width atposteriormargin ofeye49.4-58.2% HL;
snout depth at nostril 29.7-35.1%HL; length of anterior barbel 12.4-20.8% HL and
posteriorbarbel 18.4-28.8% HL.
Description: See Figure 5 for general appearance and Tables 1-2 for morpho-
metric andmeristic data. Dorsalheadprofileconvex. Snoutpointed,roundedinventral
view, depth smaller than width at nostrils. Mouth large and slightly arched, shape not
sexually dimorphic (Fig. 6). Rostral fold well developed, partly hiding upper lip.
Middlepart ofupperlip thick, thinnerat corners. Upperand lowerlips adnate tojaws,
lowerjaw covered with horny sheath. Tubercles on lowerhalfofbody smaller, denser
and larger on lower halfofcaudal peduncle. Arow oflarge tubercles along branched
anal-fin rays. Anteriorbarbel reaching to below anterior margin ofeye, beyond corner
ofmouth. Posterior barbel reaching beyond middle of eye. Predorsal profile ofbody
convex. Body slightly compressed laterally.
Dorsal fin with 3 or 4 simple and 7-9 (modally 8) branched rays, outer margin
straight or slightly emarginate, origin markedly in front of vertical through pelvic-fin
origin, lastsimpledorsalrayweaklyossified, flexibleandwith 12-20serraeonposterior
margin (Fig. 3b). Pectoral fin with 17-19 branched rays. Pelvic fin with 1 simple and
9-10 branched rays. Anal fin with 3 simple and 5 branched rays, outer margin convex.
Caudal fin long and deeply forked. Gill rakers large and rounded, 3-5 + 1 + 8-10 = 12-
16 on outer side offirst arch, numberincreasing with size (12, in 2 specimens about 80
mm mm mm
SL; 13, in 2 specimens about 100 SL; 14, in 4 specimens 94-135 SL; 15,
mm mm
in 11 specimens 125-154 SL; 16, in 6 specimens 143-215 SL, including holo-
type). 64-77 lateral line scales, 12-14 scale rows between dorsal-fin origin and lateral
line and 8-9 between anal-finorigin andlateral line. 45-46 (modally45) total vertebrae.
Sexualdimorphism: Males collected in July have well developed tubercles on
side and tip ofsnout, and on cheeks.
428 D. TURANETAL.
Fig. 5
mm
Capoeta banarescui, holotype, ESFM-PISI/2004-072, 177 SL; Turkey: Çoruh drainage:
Tortum.
Fig. 6
Capoeta banarescui, FFR 712, female, 192 mm SL(left) and male, 178 mm SL(right).
Coloration: Formalin preserved specimens darkbrown on back, flank brown,
belly yellowish. Each scale margined by a band ofblack pigments, forming a regular
reticulatedpattern. Dorsal,caudalandpectoralfinsbrown; pelvic andanalfinswhitish.
In life: back and upper flankbrownish grey, belly whitish to yellow.
Distribution: Capoeta banarescui is presently known only from the Çoruh
(Tchorok) Riverdrainage (Fig. 4). The Çoruhoriginatesfromthe KaçkarMountains in
Turkey, butits lowermostcourse is inGeorgia and it flows to the Black SeaatBatumi.
Habitatand biology: Capoeta banarescuiis known from swift flowing water,
with cobbles and pebbles bottom. In June 2004, the temperature was 15-16°C,
dissolvedoxygen 8.23 mg 1", pH 7.19, andconductivity 125 mS.Alburnoidesbipunc-
tatus, Barbus tauricus and Oxynoemacheilus sp. were collected together with C.
REVIEWOF CAPOETA TINCA 429
banarescui. Solak(1982) andYildmm&Aras (2000)reportthat C. banarescuìspawns
between May and July in Çoruh. Males collected in May and June have tubercles on
the snout and the body. Capoeta banarescui feeds mainly on phytoplankton, zoo-
plankton, some invertebrate, algae and other aquatic plants. In stream Oltu, C. ba-
mm
narescuireaches 400 (fork length), 838 g and 12 years; itreaches sexual maturity
at 2-3 years (Yildinm &Aras, 2000).
Etymology: The new species is namedforPetru Banarescu, in appreciationfor
his contributions to the knowledge oftheTurkish fish fauna.
Capoeta baliki sp. n. Fig. 7
Varicorhinus tinca (non Heckel, 1843): Kosswig & Battalgil, 1942: 56 (Ankara).
Capoeta tinca (non Heckel, 1843): Erk'akan, 1981: 144 (SakaryaRiver).
mm
Holotype: ESFM-PISI/2004-74, 202 SL; Turkey:Ankara: SakaryaRiver: Kizilca-
hamam Stream, K>z>cahamam, 60kmwestofAnkara,40°29'N 32°39'E; D.Turan & M. Turan,
15April 2004.
Paratypes: ESFM-PISI/2004-75, 4, 140-190 mm SL; FFR 713, 5, 121-219 mm SL
CMK 18541, 10, 128-188 mm SL; same data as holotype. - FFR 714, 5, 151-209 mm SL
Turkey: Ankara: Sakarya River, Ova Stream, Kazan, 50 km west ofAnkara, 40°11'N 32°39'E
D. Turan & M. Turan, 15April 2004. - FFR715, 5, 121-183 mm SL; samedata, 16June 2004
-FFR716, 10, 168-217mmSL;Turkey: Sivas: KizilirmakRiver,DeliceStream;F. G. Ekmekçi
& S. G. Kirankaya, 22November2002.
Diagnosis: Capoeta baliki is distinguished from the other species ofthe genus
by the combination of the following characters: two pairs of barbels; snout bluntly
rounded; 72-86 lateral line scales; 14-17 scales rows between lateral line and dorsal-
finorigin, 10-11 (modally 10) betweenlateral line andanal-finorigin; 16-22 gillrakers
on the first gill arch; lower jaw slightly arched in males, straight in females; head
length21.9-24.8% SL; depthofcaudalpeduncle9.5-12.3% SL;headwidthatposterior
marginofeye55.6-63.5% HL; snoutdepthatnostril33.1-41.6% HL; lengthofanterior
barbel 9.8-18.7% HL andposteriorbarbel 14.7-25.5% HL.
Description: See Figure 7 for general appearance and Tables 1-2 for morpho-
metric and meristic data. Dorsal body profile straight. Snout bluntly rounded, rounded
in ventral view, depth slightly smaller than width at nostrils. Mouth wide, shape
sexuallydimorphic, moderately archedinmale, straightinfemale (Fig. 8). Rostralfold
weakly developed, partly hiding upper lip. Upper and lowerlips adnate tojaws, lower
jawcoveredwithhorny sheath. Inmales collectedinApril, tubercles on side andtip of
snout. Anterior barbel reaching base ofposterior barbel. Posterior barbel reaching to
below anteriormargin ofeye. Predorsal profile ofbody only slightlyconvex. Body not
compressed laterally.
Dorsal fin with 3 or4 simple and 8-9 (modally 8) branched rays, outer margin
sligthly emarginate, origin in front of vertical through pelvic-fin origin, last simple
dorsalray weakly ossified, rigidon abouttwothirds ofits length andwith 17-23 serrae
on posterior margin (Fig. 3c). Pectoral fin with 17-20 branched rays. Pelvic fin with 1
simple and 9-10 branched rays. Anal fin with 3 simple and 5 branched rays, outer
margin convex. Caudal fin long and deeply forked. Gill rakers 5-7 + 1 + 10-14 = 16-
22 on outer side of first arch, number increasing with size (16, in 2 specimens about
mm mm mm
116 SL; 17, in 5 specimens about 134 SL; 18, in 4 specimens about 155
430 D. TURANETAL.
Fig. 7
mm
Capoeta baliki, holotype, ESFM-PISI/2004-74, 202 SL; Turkey: Sakaryadrainage: Kizilc-
ahamam.
Fig. 8
Capoeta baliki, FFR 714, female, 176 mm SL(left) andmale, 164 mm SL(right).
mm
SL; 19-22, in 24 specimens 173-213 SL, including holotype). 72-86 lateral line
scales, 14-17 between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line and 10-11 between anal-fin ori-
gin and lateral line. 43-44 (modally 44) total vertebrae.