A Cultural History of Sport in the Age of Enlightenment

257 Pages·2022·6.727 MB·English

by  Rebekka von Mallinckrodt

A CULTURAL HISTORY
OF SPORT
VOLUME 4
i
A Cultural History of Sport
General Editors: Wray Vamplew, John McClelland, and Mark Dyreson
Volume 1
A Cultural History of Sport in Antiquity
Edited by Paul Christesen and Charles Stocking
Volume 2
A Cultural History of Sport in the Medieval Age
Edited by Noel Fallows
Volume 3
A Cultural History of Sport in the Renaissance
Edited by Alessandro Arcangeli
Volume 4
A Cultural History of Sport in the Age of Enlightenment
Edited by Rebekka von Mallinckrodt
Volume 5
A Cultural History of Sport in the Age of Industry
Edited by Mike Huggins
Volume 6
A Cultural History of Sport in the Modern Age
Edited by Steven Riess
ii
A CULTURAL HISTORY
OF SPORT
IN THE AGE OF
ENLIGHTENMENT
Edited by Rebekka von Mallinckrodt
iii
BLOOMSBURY ACADEMIC
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First published in Great Britain 2021

Copyright © Bloomsbury Publishing, 2021

Rebekka von Mallinckrodt has asserted her right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents
Act, 1988, to be identifi ed as Editor of this work.

Series design by Raven Design
Cover image: Cricket Match at Kenfi eld Hall, c.1760 © Bridgeman Images

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ISBN: HB: 978-1-3500-2399-4
Set: 978-1-3500-2410-6

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iv
CONTENTS
LI ST OF I LLUSTRATIONS vii
S ERIES PR EFACE xi
Introduction 1
Rebekka von Mallinckrodt
1 The Purpose of Sport 29
Mike Huggins
2 Sporting Time and Sporting Space 51
Rebekka von Mallinckrodt and Angela Schattner
3 Products, Training, and Technology 77
Dave Day
4 Rules and Order 99
Wolfgang Behringer
5 Confl ict and Accommodation 117
Elisabeth Belmas
6 Inclusion, Exclusion, and Segregation 137
Rebekka von Mallinckrodt
7 Minds, Bodies, and Identities 161
Laurent Turcot
v
vi CONTENTS
8 Representation 175
Alexis Tadi é
BI BLIOGRAPHY 197
NO TES ON C ONTRIBUTORS 227
I NDEX 231
ILLUSTRATIONS
INTRODUCTION
0.1 Fox tossing tournament in Dresden Castle Courtyard, 1678. 2
0.2 Girl Kolfer, about 1650, by Aelbert Cuyp (1620–91). 6
0.3 Winter Scene with Two Gentlemen Playing Kolf by Hendrick
Avercamp (1585–1634). 11
0.4 A Game of palla a bracciale by Antonio Joli (1700–77). 16
0.5 Trading card for James Figg by William Hogarth, c . 1729/30. 17
0.6 Water jousting tournament in Strasbourg, 1666, by Leonhard
Baldner. 19
0.7 Frontispiece to an eighteenth-century edition of T he Art of
Swimming . 21
0.8 Woodcut engraving depicting the parabolic path of a tennis ball,
seventeenth century. 21
CHAPTER 1
1.1 The Cockpit , 1759, after William Hogarth (1697–1764). 33
1.2 Racing Scene , 1792, by Samuel Howitt (1756–1822). 37
1.3 The Jockey Club , 1811, by Thomas Rowlandson (1757–1827). 40
1.4 Lord Bulkeley and his Harriers, his Huntsman John Wells and
Whipper-In R. Jennings , 1773, by Thomas Stringer (1722–90). 46
vii
viii ILLUSTRATIONS
CHAPTER 2
2.1 Frozen river with ice-s katers, unknown Dutch painter,
seventeenth century. 58
2.2 Boat racing on the river Thames in London, 1783. 63
2.3 Supporters cheering a group of footballers playing a game on
Crowe Street, 1721. 65
2.4 Amphitheater in wood for the horse races in Lucca, Italy,
eighteenth century. 67
2.5 “Paulmerie, Jeu de Paulme et Construction de la Raquette” from
Diderot’s E ncyclopé die , 1771. 69
2.6 Outdoor real tennis, 1751–2, painting by Giuseppe Zocchi (c .
1716/17–67). 70
2.7 Skittle players outside an inn, c . 1660, painting by Jan Steen
(1626–79). 72
2.8 Bowling green in the garden at Plainpalais, Geneva, Switzerland,
1796, watercolor by Christian Gottlieb Geissler (1729–1814). 74
CHAPTER 3
3.1 Early eighteenth-c entury lawn bowls. 80
3.2 London, bullbaiting, print, 1816. 86
3.3 An eighteenth-c entury horse riding school. 87
3.4 Daniel Mendoza (1764–1836). 89
3.5 The Royal Academy Club playing cricket in Marylebone Fields,
engraving after Francis Hayman (1708–76). 90
3.6 Hambletonian by George Stubbs, c . 1800. 94
3.7 A Party Angling , 1789, after George Morland (1763–1804). 97
CHAPTER 5
5.1 Bullfi ght in a Divided Ring , attributed to Francisco de Goya y
Lucientes, c. 1816. 125
5.2 A Group of Peasants Practicing Archery , etching after David Teniers
the Younger (1610–90). 127
5.3 High jump, engraving from G ymnastik fü r die Jugend , 1793,
written by Johann Christoph Friedrich GutsMuths, illustrated by
Johann Heinrich Lips and Konrad Westermayr. 128
5.4 Portrait of John Broughton, an English bare-k nuckle boxer or
“pugilist,” by Robert Cooper, 1822. 130
5.5 Cricket Pose , 1768, portrait of a boy holding a cricket bat by
Francis Cotes (1726–70). 132
ILLUSTRATIONS ix
5.6 Duel between Charles Lameth and the Marquis de Castries,
November 12, 1790, gouache by Pierre Etienne and Jacques
Philippe Lesueur. 135
CHAPTER 6
6.1 M iss Wicket and Miss Trigger , caricature of sporting women, 1770. 141
6.2 Archers , c. 1799, after Adam Buck (1759–1833). 142
6.3 Equestrian portrait of Marie Antoinette in hunting attire, 1783,
Ch â teau de Versailles, France, unknown artist. 143
6.4 A game of shuttlecock, 1751–2, painting by Giuseppe Zocchi
(1716/17–67). 144
6.5 Women ’s regatta in Venice, engraving from Giacomo Franco’s
Habiti d’huomeni et donne Venetiane , 1610. 146
6.6 Richard Humphreys, engraving by John Young, 1788, after a
painting by John Hoppner (1758–1810). 148
6.7 Tom Molineaux ( c. 1784–1818), bare-k nuckle boxer, undated
painting. 149
6.8 Illustration of the boxing match between Tom Cribb and Tom
Molineaux, 1811. 150
CHAPTER 8
8.1 P ortrait of a Sportsman with his Son and Dogs , 1779, by Francis
Wheatley. 182
8.2 Whistlejacket , c. 1762, by George Stubbs. 183
8.3 Gulliver Addressing the Houyhnhnms Supposing Them to be
Conjurers , 1768, by Sawrey Gilpin. 185
8.4 Stag Hunting Scene in a Park , c. 1795, by Thomas Rowlandson. 189
8.5 The Breakfast , 1789, by Thomas Rowlandson. 190
8.6 John Bull, Baited by the Dogs of Excise , 1790, by James Gillray. 191