Table Of ContentA COMPREHENSIVE TREATISE ON INORGANIC AND
THEORETICAL CHEMISTRY
VOLUME XVI
Pt and General Index, Completing the Series
BY THE SAME AUTHOR
ELEMENTARY INORGANIC CHEMISTRY.
With 129 Illustrations. 3s. 6d.
INTERMEDIATE INORGANIC CHEMISTRY.
With 205 Illustrations. 7s. €>d.
MODERN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY.
With 369 Illustrations. i-zs. dd. net.
HIGHER MATHEMATICS FOR STUDENTS OF
CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS. With Special
Reference to Practical Work.
With 189 Diagrams. 21 s. net.
A COMPREHENSIVE TREATISE ON INOR
GANIC AND THEORETICAL CHEMISTRY.
£3 3-J-- net each volume.
Vol. I. H, O.
With 274 Diagrams.
Vol. IL F, Cl, Br, I, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs.
With 170 Diagrams.
Vol. III. Cu, Ag, Au, Ca, Sr, Ba.
With i 58 Diagrams.
Vol. IV. Ra and Ac Families, Be, Mg, Zn, Cd,
Hg.
With 232 Diagrams.
Vol. V. B, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Sc, Ce, and Rare
Earth Metals, C (Part I).
With 206 Diagrams.
Vol. VI. C (Part II), Si, Silicates.
With 221 Diagrams.
Vol. VII. Ti, Zr, Hf, Th, Ge, Sn, Pb, Inert Gases.
With 255 Diagrams.
Vol. VIII. N, P.
With I 56 Diagrams.
Vol. IX. As, Sb, Bi, V, Cb, Ta.
With 161 Diagrams.
Vol. X. S, Se.
With 217 Diagrams.
Vol. XL Te, Cr, Mo, W.
With 221 Diagrams.
Vol. XII. U, Mn, Ma and Re, Fe (Part I).
With 320 Diagrams.
Vol. XIII. Fe (Part II).
With 381 Diagrams.
Vol. XIV. Fe (Part III), Co.
With 277 Diagrams.
Vol. XV. Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir.
With 423 Diagrams.
Vol. XVL Pt and General Index, Completing
the Series. With 94 Diagrams.
A COMPREHENSIVE TREATISE
ON
INORGANIC AND THEOR
CHEMISTRY
BY
J. W. JVIELLOR, D.Sc, F.R.J
VOLUME XVI
WITH 94 DIAGRAMS
LONGMANS, GREEN AND CO.
LONDON • NEW YORK • TORONTO
JVa-
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FIRST PUBLISHED . . . 1937
Printed in Great Britain. AU rights reserved
PREFACE
THE publication of this, the sixteenth volume, marks the completion
of the Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic Chemistry as planned. It
has been a heavy task to prepare a comprehensive review of so vast a
field, and it has inevitably taken a considerable time to complete. The
first volume was published in 1922, and succeeding volumes have appeared
at regular intervals, until with the publication of the present volume the
ordered treatment of the subject has reached its appointed goal. Every
attempt has been made to ensure that each volume embodies the informa
tion available when sent to press and subsequent developments can
readily be traced in the Abstracts of the Chemical Societies. There have,
however, been great developments in recent years and many important
discoveries have been made, particularly in connection with the elements
which were treated in the early volumes. These developments have
rendered it advisable to prepare two Supplementary Volumes, which will
bring the subjects up to date and include the results of the most recent
research.
There is also an ill-defined borderland between Organic and Inorganic
Chemistry, particularly in connection with some of the Carbon Compounds
of Hydrogen and Nitrogen. It has therefore been decided to plan and
prepare a special volume dealing with these borderland compounds. The
publishers are making the necessary arrangements for this work to be
done, and it is hoped that these three Supplementary Volumes will still
further increase the usefulness of the Comprehensive Treatise.
It is a very great pleasure to me to thank Messrs. L. S. Theobald, M.C,
A.R.C.S., A. T. Green, F.Inst.P., A.I.C., and F. H. Clews, M.Sc, A.I.C.,
for their great assistance in reading the proofs of the whole series of
volumes and for the many valuable suggestions which they put forward.
I would also thank the typists, and those who have checked the
references.
V
CONTENTS
CHAPTER LXXIV
PLATINUM
§ 1. The History of the Platinum Metals (1) ; § 2. The Occurrence of the Platinum Metals
(5) ; § 3. The Extraction of Platinum (22) ; § 4. The Purification of Platinum (34) ;
§ 5. Qualitative Recognition of the Platinum Metals (35) ; § 6. Quantitative Deter
mination of the Platinum Metals (37) ; § 7. Some Different Forms of Platinum (46);
§ 8. Colloidal Platinum (54); § 9. The Structure of Platinum (59); § 10. The
Mechanical Properties of Platinum (62); §11. The Thermal Properties of Platinum
(69); § 12. The Optical Properties of Platinum (80) ; § 13. The Electrical and
Magnetic Properties of Platinum (97) ; § 14. The Chemical Properties of Platinum
(136) ; § 15. The Atomic Weight and Valency of Platinum (190); § 16. Tntermetallic
Compounds and Alloys of Platinum (194) ; § 17. The Ijower Oxides of Platinum and
their Hydrates (235); § 18. Intermediate Oxides (24O); § 19. The Higher Oxides
of Platinum (242); § 20. Platinum Fluorides (249); § 21. Platinum Mono-, Di-,
and Tri-Chlorides (251); § 22. Platinum Tetrachloride (292); § 23. The Platinum
Ammines(347); § 24. Platinous Bromide (37O); § 25. Platinous Iodide (384); § 26.
Platinic Iodide (387); § 27. Platinum Sulphides (393); § 28. Platinous Sulphates
(400); § 29. The Platinum Carbonates (407) ; § 30. The Platinum Nitrates (4()8) ;
§ 31. Platinum Phosphates (416).
CrKNEBAT., INDEX 419
VU
AB BRE VIATIONS
• aq. -• aqueous
atm. = atmospheric or atmosphere (s)
at. vol. = atomic volume(s)
at. -wt. = atomic weight(s)
T° or 0K —• absolute degrees of temperature
b.p. = boiling point(s)
6° « centigrade degrees of temperature
coeff. = coefficient
cone. — concentrated or concentration
dil. — dilute
eq. — equivalent(s)
f.p. •*» freezing point(s)
m.p. «= melting point(s)
mol(s) ^/gram-moleculets)
v ' \ gram-molecular
-°>( )-{S°!e^B)
8
mol. ht. = molecular heat(s)
mol. vol. ••» molecular volume (s)
mol. wt. «= molecular weight(s)
press. ••» pressure(s)
sat. — saturated
soln. "SB solution(s)
sp. gr. = specific gravity (gravities)
sp. ht. — specific heat(s)
sp. vol. ••= specific volume(s)
temp. «= temperature(s)
vap. •» vapour
In the CPOSS references the first number in clarendon type is the number of the
volume ; the second number refers to the chapter; and the succeeding number refers to the
" §," section. Thus 5. 88, 24 refers to § 24, chapter 38, volume 5.
The oxides, hydrides, halides, sulphides, sulphates, carbonates, nitrates, and phosphates
are considered with the basic elements ; the other compounds are taken in connection with
the acidic element. The double or complex salts in connection with a given element include
those associated with elements previously discussed. The carbides, silicides, titanides,
phosphides, arsenides, etc., are considered in connection with carbon, silicon, titanium, etc.
The intermetallio compounds of a given element include those associated with elements
previously considered.
The use of triangular diagrams for representing the properties of three-component
systems was suggested by G. G. Stokes (JFVoc. Roy. Soc. 49. 174, 1891). The method was
t
immediately taken up in many directions and it has proved of great value. With practice it
becomes as useful for representing the properties of ternary mixtures as squared paper is for
binary mixtures. The principle of triangular diagrams is based on the fact that in an equi
lateral triangle the sum of the perpendicular distances of any point from the three sides is
a constant. Given any three substances A B, and C the composition of any possible
9 f
combination of these can be represented by a point in or on the triangle. The apices of the
ix
ABBREVIATIONS
X
triangle represent the single components A B and C the sides of the triangle represent binary
1 1 1
mixtures of A and B B and C or C and A ; and points within the triangle, ternary mixtures.
1 1
The compositions of the mixtures can be represented in percentages, or referred to unity, 10,
etc. In Fig. I pure A will be represented by a point at the apex marked A. If 1OO be the
1
Fia. 1.
standard of reference, the point A represents 100 per cent, of A and nothing else; mixtures
containing 8O per cent, of A are represented by a point on the line 88, 60 per cent, of A by a
point on the line GG etc. Similarly with B and C—Figs. 3 and 2 respectively. Combine
1
Figs. 1, 2, and 3 into one diagram by superposition, and Fig 4 results. Any point in this
/OO 8O 6O -9O 2O OToOf B
FIG. 4. Standard Reference. Triangle.
diagram, Fig. 4, thus represents a ternary mixture. For instance, the point M represents a
mixture containing 20 per cent, of A 20 per cent, of B, and GO per cent, of C.
1
