2017_myanmar_hrp_final.002.pdf (Anglais (English))

44 Pages·2016·3.31 MB·English

HUMANITARIAN
7
1
0 RESPONSE PLAN
2
JANUARY-DECEMBER 2017
UNITED NATIONS AND PARTNERS HUMANITARIAN COUNTRY TEAM DEC 2016
MYANMAR
Photo: UNHCR
PART I:
TOTAL POPULATION PEOPLE REQUIREMENTS (US$) HUMANITARIAN
OF MYANMAR TARGETED MILLIONS PARTNERS
51.5 525,000 $150 65
M M
Indian Line
ARUNACHAL PRADESH KACHIN
104,000 people targeted
BHUTAN (including 87,000 IDPs)
Chinese Line
53%
Bhramaputra KACHIN
48%
7%
INDIA CHINA
SHAN
19,000 people targeted
SAGAING dy (including 11,000 IDPs)
d
a
w
Irra 53%
50%
BANGLADESH
12%
VIET NAM
02 CHIN SHAN n
e
Salwe M ekong
MANDALAY LAO PEOPLE'S
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
RAKHINE NAY PYI TAW
MAGWAY
KAYAH
BAGO
RAKHINE
402,000 people targeted
(including 120,000 IDPs)
AYEYARWADY KAYIN
51%
YANGON Chao THAILAND
52% Boafy MON Phraya
B e n g a l
3%
# people targeted
% of IDPs by sex and age
Women & girls
TANINTHARYI
CAMBODIA
Children (< 18 years)
Elderly (> 60 years)
250km
PART I: FoREWoRD BY THE HUMANITARIAN CooRDINAToR
FOREWORD BY
THE HUMANITARIAN
CooRDINAToR
A new democratically-elected Government, with Daw Aung is 525,000, down from just over a million people in 2016.
San Suu Kyi as State Counsellor, took over in Myanmar The overall funding requested for the 2017 Humanitarian
in April 2016, ushering in a new period of optimism in Response Plan is US$150 million, down from US$190 million
the country and internationally. As the country continues in 2016. This reflects the end of the humanitarian response
its democratic transition and its political and economic to the 2015 floods, as well as efficiencies resulting from new
reforms, it is encouraging to see progress being made on a modes of delivery in some cases and stronger links with
many fronts. The Government moved quickly to convene a ongoing development work.
“21st Century Panglong” peace conference in line with its
In keeping with outcomes of this year’s World Humanitarian
stated commitment to advancing the peace process. It also
Summit, the 2017 Humanitarian Response Plan lays out a
demonstrated its willingness to tackle some of the difficult
framework for implementing the UN Secretary-General’s
unresolved issues in the country by establishing bodies such
‘Agenda for Humanity’ in Myanmar. This includes a
as the Advisory Commission on Rakhine, led by former
commitment from the Humanitarian Country Team to work
United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan.
more closely with the Government to build national capacity,
Despite these positive developments, the country continues particularly in disaster preparedness and response. It also 03
to face many challenges. About 218,000 people – of whom includes strong support for localization efforts with a focus
about 80 percent are women and children – remain internally on the role of national and local civil society in humanitarian
displaced in camps and host villages in Kachin, Shan and work. Emphasis is placed on the need to listen more closely
Rakhine states as a result of conflict, violence and inter- to the needs of affected communities and to bridging
communal tensions. Helping them to survive and live with humanitarian and development work, while maintaining full
dignity during their displacement, and finding longer term respect for humanitarian principles.
durable solutions for all of them, is a major challenge. On
The 2017 Humanitarian Response Plan is part of a broader
top of this, many people were newly displaced in Myanmar
engagement by the United Nations and its partners to ensure
in 2016 and there are also many other conflict-affected
that all people affected by conflict, violence, insecurity and/or
vulnerable people who lack access to services and who
natural disasters have access to the protection and assistance
continue to need protection and assistance. To compound
they need, with a particular focus on vulnerable people
this further, people in Myanmar remain highly vulnerable
including women and children, the sick, the elderly and
to natural disasters including cyclones, tropical storms and
people with disabilities. I look forward to continuing to work
earthquakes. Myanmar is one of the most disaster prone
closely with the Government, local authorities and with the
countries in Asia.
broad range of humanitarian and development actors over the
The United Nations and its partners have jointly developed coming year to address these needs.
this Humanitarian Response Plan, in consultation with
I would like to thank the donors and partners who continue
the Government, to guide and inform their activities in
to support our humanitarian work in Myanmar. I would also
the country over the next year. It is based on information
like to acknowledge the dedication and hard work of all our
from many different sources, including the Government
humanitarian colleagues – most of whom are national staff
and national institutions, as well as assessments carried
– who do so much to help people in need, while working in
out by humanitarian organizations and other stakeholders.
difficult and sometimes dangerous circumstances.
The number of people targeted for assistance in this plan
Renata Dessallien
United Nations Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator
PART I: FoREWoRD BY THE HUMANITARIAN CooRDINAToR
A GIRL AT AN IDP RESETTLEMENT
SITE IN SITTWE, RAKHINE STATE
04
Photo: IRIN/D.Longstreath
PART I: FoREWoRD BY THE HUMANITARIAN CooRDINAToR
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I: COUNTRY STRATEGY
Foreword by the Humanitarian Coordinator ������������������������������ 3
The humanitarian response plan at a glance ����������������������������� 6
Overview of the situation �������������������������������������������������������������� 7
Strategic objectives ��������������������������������������������������������������������� 15
Response strategy ����������������������������������������������������������������������� 16
Operational capacity ������������������������������������������������������������������� 22
Humanitarian access ������������������������������������������������������������������� 23
Response monitoring ������������������������������������������������������������������ 24
Summary of needs, targets & requirements ���������������������������� 25
05
PART II: OPERATIONAL RESPONSE PLANS
Education �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 28
Food security �������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 29
Health �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 30
Nutrition ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 31
Protection �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 32
Shelter/NFI/CCCM ������������������������������������������������������������������� 33
WASH �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 34
Coordination and Common Services ���������������������������������������� 35
Guide to giving ���������������������������������������������������������������������������� 36
PART III: ANNEXES
Objectives, indicators & targets ������������������������������������������������ 38
Planning figures: people in need and targeted ���������������������� 42
What if? ��� we fail to respond ���������������������������������������������������� 44
PART I: HUMANITARIAN RESPoNSE PLAN AT A gLANCE
OPERATIONAL PRESENCE: NUMBER OF PARTNERS
HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE PLAN
65
AT A gLANCE
46
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 1 PEOPLE IN NEED
Meeting needs of displaced people
and supporting efforts to achieve 525,000 19
durable solutions
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 2
35
Ensuring that vulnerable crisis-
affected people have access to essential PEOPLE TARGETED
services and livelihoods opportunities
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 3 525,000
Ensuring the protection of civilians
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 4 REQUIREMENTS (US$)
Strengthening national capacities and 150
the resilience of communities $ M
PEOPLE WHO NEED HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE INTERNALLY DISPLACED NON DISPLACED
06
218,000 307,000
525,000
250,000
100,000 Rakhine
Kachin Internally Displaced
Shan Non Displaced
CRITICAL EVENTS TIMELINE FOR 2016
Cyclone Season Rainy Season Cyclone Season
Dry Season
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
PART I: ovERvIEW oF THE SITUATIoN
OVERVIEW OF
THE SITUATIoN
Myanmar’s new democratically-elected government took power at the end of March 2016,
with a huge popular mandate from the November 2015 elections and enormous optimism
domestically and internationally. State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi and her National League
for Democracy have brought a fresh tone and approach to government, but they face great
challenges in grappling with the legacy of decades of civil war and authoritarian rule, and
building on the political transition initiated by the previous government. Key challenges
include longstanding tensions and a large stateless population in Rakhine, ongoing armed
conflict and internal displacement in Kachin and Shan, and the threat of natural disasters in
one of the most disaster-prone countries in the world.
Political and socio-economic context
In its work, the Commission will consider humanitarian and
Myanmar’s remarkable transition – towards greater liberalism developmental issues, access to basic services, the assurance
and freedoms, a negotiated settlement to the conflict, and a of basic rights, and the security of the people of Rakhine. The
more open and dynamic economy – continues and has received government also re-launched a citizenship verification
new momentum following the elections. The new government process that had stalled under the previous government.
moved quickly to release political detainees, repeal oppressive
legislation, reinvigorate the peace process and find solutions for Nevertheless, the huge challenges and legacy of past decades 07
have resulted in a number of serious humanitarian issues. These
Rakhine State. As State Counsellor and Foreign Minister, Aung
are primarily related to communal and ethnic divisions as well
San Suu Kyi has also set about recalibrating the country’s
as protracted conflicts. If left unaddressed, these challenges
international relations and taking a more prominent position
pose significant risks to Myanmar’s stability and progress
on the world stage. She has welcomed foreign investment and
on sustainable development. The humanitarian situation
secured the lifting of U.S. sanctions, vital to underpinning
in Myanmar is characterized by a complex combination of
the country’s continued economic growth – the World Bank
vulnerability to natural disasters, food and nutrition insecurity,
projects that GDP growth in Myanmar will average 8.2 per cent
armed conflict, inter-communal tensions, statelessness,
from 2016-2020. The Government has injected new momentum
displacement, trafficking and migration. The situation is
into the difficult work of administrative reform, which will likely
compounded by chronic poverty and underlying structural
take many years; similarly there have been steps to address land
inequalities and discrimination, including on the basis of
rights, an issue on which there are few quick or easy solutions.
gender, ethnicity and religion, which exacerbates needs and
At the same time, the Government is having to grapple with
vulnerabilities of affected people in many parts of the country.
many of the deep divisions faced by successive administrations
People in Myanmar remain highly vulnerable to natural
in Myanmar – between centre and periphery, along ethnic lines,
disasters. The floods in 2016 temporarily displaced more than
and in Rakhine State.
half a million people and exacerbated many of the existing
State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi has said that advancing the vulnerabilities in the country, particularly in terms of food
peace process is the Government’s top priority. At the end of security.
August, she convened a “21st Century Panglong” peace
conference that brought together nearly all armed groups for the
Rakhine State
first time. Follow-up conferences are planned to be held
biannually. On Rakhine State, the government moved quickly to In Rakhine State, inter-communal violence in 2012 led to the
form a 27-member Central Committee for the Implementation displacement of approximately 145,000 people. About 25,000
of Peace, Stability and Development of Rakhine, chaired by State of these IDPs were assisted to return or relocate by the end
Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi. Similarly, as part of a national of 2015, with individual housing support being provided
initiative to resolve protracted issues in the region, an Advisory by the Rakhine State Government with support from the
Commission on Rakhine, led by former UN Secretary-General international community. As of September 2016, some
Kofi Annan, was established in August 2016 to provide 120,000 IDPs remain in 36 camps or camp-like settings across
recommendations on the complex challenges facing Rakhine. Rakhine, of which about 79 percent are women and children.
PART I: ovERvIEW oF THE SITUATIoN
In addition, there are over 282,000 people spread over 11 for humanitarian organizations in Rakhine State. The situation
townships in Rakhine who are not in camps but who remain is critical for more than one million Muslims, most of whom
in need of humanitarian support, bringing the total number call themselves ‘Rohingya’, whose citizenship status remains
of people in need of humanitarian assistance in Rakhine to unresolved and who continue to be subject to discriminatory
402,000 (see table on Number of People in Need). policies and practices. These people face restrictions on
freedom of movement that limit their access to livelihoods,
Rakhine is one of the least developed areas of Myanmar,
healthcare, food, education, protection and other basic
with a diverse ethnic and religious population. According to
services, making them heavily dependent on humanitarian
the 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census Report,
assistance. Conservative gender norms and entrenched
Buddhists make up 96 per cent of the 2.1 million people that
gender inequality magnify the impact of this discrimination
were counted in Rakhine during the census. However, the
on women and girls, exacerbating their specific needs and
Census Report highlights that in addition, a “non-enumerated
rendering them at greater risk of violence and hardship.
population of over one million in Rakhine belongs to a defined
Women and girls are at risk of gender-based violence,
group known to be primarily, if not wholly, of the Islamic faith”.
trafficking and transactional sex, including child marriage
Rakhine has the highest poverty rate in the country (78 while men and boys are more at risk of arrest, detention
per cent, compared to 37.5 per cent nationally) according and forced labour. The Government has tried to address the
to a November 2014 report by the World Bank entitled citizenship issue of the Muslim community through the re-
“Myanmar: Ending Poverty and Boosting Shared Prosperity launching of the citizenship verification process. However, this
in a Time of Transition”. Myanmar remains one of the 36 process has stalled due to the many challenges encountered.
countries worldwide that have the highest burden of chronic
The majority of IDPs in Rakhine live in collective shelters
malnutrition (or stunting, defined as height-for-age < –2
known as ‘long houses’. The long-houses and other facilities
standard deviations of the WHO Child Growth Standards
in the IDP camps were originally constructed in 2012-13 as a
median). A survey carried out in 2015-2016 by the Ministry
temporary measure, designed to last for only two years. Many
of Health and Sports indicated that Rakhine State had the
of these buildings require continuous maintenance or repairs.
08 highest rate of global acute malnutrition (GAM, defined as
Even then, due to space constraints the current floor size per
weight-for-height < –2 standard deviations of the WHO Child
IDP remains approximately 20 per cent less than minimum
Growth Standards median) in the country. Humanitarian
standards advise.
organizations working in the Nutrition Sector in Rakhine
indicate that acute malnutrition rates are particularly high in Even though there was a significant investment in repairing
Maungdaw and Buthidaung townships, where they are above long-houses in 2016, further repairs and maintenance will
WHO emergency thresholds. Chin State has the highest rate need to be carried out on these structures each year. There
of chronic malnutrition in the country (above WHO critical is a lack of privacy in the long-houses and most of them
threshold) closely followed by Kayah and Rakhine States. remain over-crowded. A lack of privacy combined with a lack
of adequate lighting in camp settings heightens the risk of
Historical tensions and issues of identity, religion and ethnicity
gender-based violence. Further, the lack of adequate space for
remain the defining features of the operational environment
separate and safe individual cooking areas also creates a high
TIMELINE OF RECENT EVENTS
2 0 1 1 2 0 1 2 2 0 1 3 2 0 1 5
Jun 2011 Jun 2012 Feb 2015 Jul 2015

Mass Mass dis- About 80,000 Floods and land-
displacement placement in people slides temporar-
due to conflicts in Rakhine following displaced by ily displace 1.7
Kachin and northern inter-communal conflict in Kokang million people mostly in
Shan violence. Government SAZ (Shan State). Chin and Rakhine states,
declares State of Emer- Government declares and Magway and Sagaing
gency in Rakhine State of Emergency in regions
Kokang SAZ
PART I: ovERvIEW oF THE SITUATIoN
risk of fires in the camps. For example, a fire in Baw Du Pha ongoing inter-communal tensions. However, those that are
IDP camp in May 2016 destroyed the homes of more than most affected are the isolated Muslim communities that face
2,000 people. There is a continued need for food, nutrition severe movement restrictions.
support, education and protection services in the camps, and
Cash transfer programming is increasingly used in Myanmar
it is vital to ensure improved access to primary health care, as
by the Government as well as UN and NGO partners. To
well as unobstructed access to secondary health care.
augment the Humanitarian Country Team’s understanding
In a more recent development, fighting between Myanmar of cash feasibility, a study was undertaken in 2016 to assess
Army troops and the Arakan Army in March-April 2016 its feasibility, specifically in areas of Rakhine State. The
displaced approximately 1,900 people in Buthidaung, study looked in detail at capacities of organizations, market
Rathedaung and Kyaktaw townships. While the State functioning, financial service providers and the Government,
Government has said that it expects these people to return as well as community acceptance for future responses and
to their homes soon, authorities say conditions are not potential for scaling-up. It concluded that scale-up may be
yet conducive for returns due to ongoing tensions. In the feasible in the more urban areas, depending on markets,
meantime, their immediate needs are being met by the financial infrastructure, implementation capacity of partners
government and local partners, with support from United and willingness on the part of the Government. However, for
Nations agencies and NGOs. Thousands of people were also displaced populations, particularly those in camps, it noted
affected by flooding in Rakhine in 2016, primarily in Thandwe, that restrictions on movement and on access to markets are
Minbya and Taungup townships. The State Government, with debilitating factors and leave people open to a number of
support from the United Nations and its partners, responded protection concerns. In addition, conservative gender norms
to the most immediate needs of the affected people, including restrict women and girls’ freedom of movement beyond the
food, emergency shelters, non-food-items (NFIs) and water. home, often requiring them to travel with a male companion
or remain inside the home, which greatly hinders their access
In Rakhine, although there continues to be some level of
to markets.
trading and interaction between the communities, there
remains far less than before the violence erupted in 2012. In Maungdaw and Buthidaung townships, the Muslim 09
Meanwhile, the continued segregation risks having an adverse population’s access to State schools, hospitals, markets and
impact on current and future inter-communal relations and livelihoods opportunities is constrained by extortions and local
dialogue. Ongoing inter-communal tensions continue to orders that impose limitations on their rights and require them
have a negative impact on the overall Rakhine economy, to obtain travel permits even for travel within the township.
affecting all communities. This was reflected in the results of a Since 2012, Muslims in most other townships in Rakhine have
Multi-Sector Assessment of socio-economic conditions in been barred from accessing State schools and universities.
Mrauk-U, Minbya and Kyauktaw townships carried out by They are also not allowed to visit Township hospitals,
the Early Recovery Network in March 2016. The survey markets or other facilities if this requires travelling through
showed that all assessed villages are poor and suffered from Buddhist areas, unless they have special permissions that
the broader economic stagnation of central Rakhine State over are often difficult to obtain. When traveling, harassment and
the preceding five years. All communities are affected by the exploitation at roadblocks is commonly reported, particularly
TIMELINE OF RECENT EVENTS
2 0 1 5 2 0 1 6
Oct 2015 15 Oct 2015 Apr 2016 Jun 2016 31 Aug 2016 Oct 2016

Conflict in
Eight ethnic New NLD-led Floods The Union Thousands
southern
armed groups Government temporarily Peace of people
Shan State
temporarily displaces sign a Nationwide takes over with displace about 500,000 Conference (“21st newly displaced in
around 6,000 people Ceasefire Agreement U Htin Kyaw as thousand people in Century Panglong”) the northern part of
from Kyethi and with the Government President and Daw Magway, Mandalay, takes place with the Rakhine
Monghsu townships
Aung San Suu Kyi as Bago, Rakhine and Government and ethnic
State Counsellor Ayeyarwaddy armed groups
PART I: ovERvIEW oF THE SITUATIoN
YOUNG WOMAN WITH HER NEPHEW IN THE THAR GA YA
IDP CAMP IN KACHIN STATE
Photo: UNFPA/Yenny gamming
10
of women. This has an impact particularly on patients marriage certificates) and/or identity documents showing legal
requiring second-level or specialized health care treatment residence, such as national registration cards, can also affect
such as women with high-risk pregnancies, HIV and TB current or future claims for citizenship and increase the risk
patients (which increase the risk of extending the epidemic), of statelessness. Women’s access to legal recourse is severely
and acute chronic patients. The townships of Kyauktaw, restricted in Rakhine. This is particularly true for survivors of
Mrauk-U and Minbya govern 96 Sub-Rural Health Centers, gender-based violence in Muslim communities, who without
20 Rural Health Centers, six Station Hospitals and three documentation lack all access to the legal system.
Township Hospitals, and yet from all of these facilities, only
For many displaced people in Rakhine, the protracted
one Station Hospital is open to Muslim patients. As a result
nature of their displacement has led to increased pressure on
of these restrictions, many non-displaced people in Rakhine
families as they suffer from overcrowded conditions and lack
continue to require support from humanitarian organizations
of privacy in camps/shelters, limited access to livelihoods
to ensure that their basic needs are met.
and food, increased anxiety and hopelessness for the future.
The top five protection threats faced by people in Rakhine Reports from the Protection Sector indicate that this has led
are: limited freedom of movement, physical insecurity, to an increase in the incidence and severity of various forms
gender-based violence, a lack of documentation, and people of gender-based violence towards women and children,
smuggling and human trafficking. For the Muslim population including intimate partner violence. Adolescents are an
in Rakhine, a lack of civil documentation has been identified under-served population and they have limited access to
by the Protection Sector as an extreme threat as it has various youth services, leading to negative coping mechanisms, child
adverse effects on the safety and well-being of communities. marriage, child labour and risky migration.
The current situation in the northern part of Rakhine State
Note: In the northern part of Rakhine, the events that began
(see note below) may further compound these protection
on 9 October 2016 have introduced a new level of violence,
threats, which may in turn increase the risk of people
instability and uncertainty into the context. On that day,
resorting to irregular and dangerous maritime travels or
coordinated attacks on the Border Guard Police headquarters
fleeing to a neighbouring country. In general, the lack of civil
and two other Border Guard Police posts resulted in nine
documentation is a major hurdle for people as it prevents
police personnel being killed and many weapons being
them from enjoying and exercising their legal rights, including
looted; there were further clashes over subsequent days and
freedom of movement, and from accessing services. The
another major escalation in November. A press release issued
lack of personal identification documents (birth, death and
by the Government on 13 October following the first attacks