The A-Z Encyclopedia of Alcohol and Drug Abuse

684 Pages·2002·3.97 MB·English

by  Thomas Nordegren

The A-Z Encyclopedia of Alcohol and Drug Abuse

The
A-Z
Encyclopedia
of
Alcohol
and
Drug Abuse
The A-Z Encyclopedia of Alcohol and Drug Abuse

Copyright © 2002 Thomas Nordegren
All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system Or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without written permission from the
publisher.

Brown Walker Press
Parkland, Florida USA - 2002

First Edition

1-58112-404-X paperback
1-58112-405-8 ebook

www.BrownWalker.com/books/nordegren.htm

A CIP catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
Foreword

Welcome to the A- Z Encyclopedia of Alcohol and Drug Abuse produced in co-operation with
the 1907 founded International Council on Alcohol and Addiction (ICAA), which is the worlds
leading non-governmental organisation in the field.
This encyclopedia contains more than 30.000 entries. It has been produced together with some of
the leading experts on alcohol and drug abuse.
The names of the substances are those used in International Nonproprietary Names (INN) for
Pharmaceutical Substances (WHO, 1982). Every effort has been made to make the encyclopedia
as accurate as possible. It covers many aspects of the subject as medicine, psychology, history,
social policy, economics, advertising, international trafficking, law enforcement, prevention,
epidemiology, international cooperation, colloquial terms and drug-slang.
The text was originally produced as part of the CD-ROM Encyclopaedia on Substance Abuse.
Many users asked for a traditional book-encyclopedia that still has some advantages.
The encyclopedia is also available as downloadable pdf-file. The soft-cover version can be or-
dered from booksellers and distributors or online bookstores as amazon.com.
The CD-ROM version is by far the most complete, it contains more chemical names, have hun-
dreds of photographs, illustrations and chemical formulas and uses more than 100.000 jumps to
quickly move around. It is easy to print the material or incorporate it in your word-processing
program or presentation. The CD-ROM also contains several hundred thousands pages of full-
length documents, quotations and historical texts. The CD-ROM is updated every 6th month. As
buyer of this book you are entitled to a 30-day free trial version of the CD-ROM, just write, tele-
phone, fax send e-mail or go to our web-sites www.landborgen.com/encyclopaedia or
www.icaa.ch. The free CD-ROM is a full working version but it only works on your computer
for 30 days after you have used it for the first time. There are no strings attached. If you like to
continue using the encyclopaedia after the trial-period you have to place an order.

Thomas Nordegren
5
6
row alcoholics gathered around the Systembo-
A laget, state-monopoly liquor-stores.
A-mu-kia Turbina corymbosa.
A-nam Pentazocine.
A-notion ao-titara Calamus.
A-poxide 1. Chlordiazepoxide. 2. Chlordi-
azepoxide hydrochloride.
A.B.T. Abbreviation for Alice B Toklas.
A.D. Colloquial term for addict.
A 1. Colloquial term for amfetamines. A.E.P. Phenobarbital.
2. Colloquial term for LSD ( from the first let- A.N.R. Pentobarbital sodium.
ter in acid). A.P.P. Phenobarbital.
A 4624 Methadone. A.T.A. Amfetamine sulfate.
Colloquial term for MDMA. AA See: Alcoholics Anonymous.
A Boot Colloquial term for being under the AA Bum Colloquial term for member of Al-
influence of a drug. coholics Anonymous.
A Cry for Love Cry for Love. AAA 1. High quality morphine from China.
A draw of toke Colloquial term for inhaling 2. Colloquial term for amfetamines (helps you
cannabis smoke. travel long distance like triple A - American
A la canona Colloquial term for opioid Automobile Association). 3. Acronym for
withdrawal without medication. Atheist Alcoholics Anonymous. 4. A potent
Synonyme: Cold Turkey. LSD, which has the letters 'AAA' on each dot.
A Monkey in winter Monkey in winter. AAAA Al-anon term, acronym for four impor-
A Star is born Star is born. tant aspects for recovery of a person who is a
A taste of Colloquial term for taking a small co-dependent upon an alcoholic are: Accep-
amount of drugs without experiencing the ef- tance, Awareness, Adjustment, and Attitude.
fects. Aan het gas zitten Dutch colloquial term
A-21 1. Ketobemidone. 2. Drug containing for starting using heroin after a negative
more than one substance whereof one under experience.
international control: Phenobarbital. Aap South African term for marijuana.
A-65 Piritramide. AAPA American Academy of Psychiatrists in
A-66 1. Phenmetrazine. 2. Phenmetrazine Alcoholism and Addiction.
hydrochloride. AAS Acronym for Anabolic and Androge-
A-71 Ethchlorvynol. nous Steroids.
A-101 Nordazepam. A´s Colloquial term for LSD.
A-102 Temazepam. Ab Colloquial term for abscess from using an
A-124 Diazepam. infected needle.
A-157 Drug containing more than one sub- AB 35616 1. Clorazepate. 2. Clorazepate
stance whereof one under international con- dipotassium.
trol: Phenobarbital. AB 39083 Clorazepate.
A-178 Drug containing more than one sub- Abaca Ocinum micrantum, Ayahuasca ad-
stance whereof one under international con- mixture plant.
trol: Phenobarbital. Abactio Abortion or labor started by drugs or
A-302 Methadone hydrochloride. surgery.
A-30400 1. Pemoline 2. Pemoline magne- Abalgin Dextropropoxyphene hydrochloride.
sium. Abaphen Drug containing more than one ac-
A-31528 Pemoline magnesium. tive substance whereof one under international
A-E-A compound Amobarbital. control: Phenobarbital.
A-Klinikk Alcohol dependence treatment Abber Danish term for a person who does not
clinics in Finland. take drugs.
A-THC Tetrahydrocannabinol. Abbey Commercial Belgian beers licenced
A-bomb 1. Colloquial term for marijuana by abbeys.
and heroin smoked together in a cigarette. Abbot pump A small pump that allows ex-
2. Colloquial term for heroin. 3. Colloquial act amounts of a drug to go through an intra-
term for marijuana. venous tube.
A-buzz Colloquial term for being drunk. Abbott Colloquial term for Nembutal, from
A-head 1. Colloquial term for heavy amfe- the manufacturers name.
tamine-user. 2. Colloquial term for heavy Abbott 30400 Pemoline magnesium.
LSD-user (from acid-head). Abbott 35616 Clorazepate dipotassium.
A-laget Swedish Colloquial term for skid- Abbott 39083 Clorazepate monopotas-sium.
7
Abboxapam Oxazepam. drug use.
ABC-laws Acronym for Alcohol Beverage Abgreifen German colloquial term for arrest-
Control Laws. ing a drug user or drug dealer.
Abces de fixation French colloquial term Abhanigkeiten Journal of the Swiss Insti-
for a place where drugs are sold. tute for the Prevention of Alcohol Problems
Abchecken German term for checking a (ISPA).
situation or a person. Abheben German colloquial term for eupho-
Abdröhnen German colloquial term for get- ria after drug taking.
ting high. Abhini Opium.
Abdrücken German colloquial term for in- Abhängigkeit German term for dependence.
jecting drugs. Abini Opium.
Abdul Nasser Colloquial term for strong Abinol Lorazepam.
hashish. Abkari Opium.
Abe US Colloquial term for $5 worth of Ablinken German colloquial term for:
drugs. From the portrait of president Abraham 1. Cheating in drug deals. 2. Offering bogus
Lincoln on a five-dollar bill. or poor quality drugs.
Abe's cabe Colloquial term for $5 bill in Abnehmkraut German name for Aconitum
drug deals. napellus.
ABEAD Acronym for the Brazilian Associa- Abnormal drinker A person whose drinking
tion of Studies on Alcohol and Other Drugs. of alcohol beverages is not normal compared
Abensanil Acetaminophen. with the group to which he belongs.
Aberrant motivational syndrome Syn- Abolic Colloquial term for veterinary steroid.
drome found among chronic cannabis- From anabolic steroids.
smokers characterized by of loss of the inter- Abona Tabernanthe iboga. containing the
est for the immediate environment and a stimulant ibogaine.
strong identification with the drug-culture, Abonete Tabernanthe iboga. containing the
compare with amotivational syndrome. stimulant ibogaine.
Abessinischer Tee Tea containing khat. Abortifacient Drug which brings about
Abessinskt te Scandinavian colloquial term abortion.
for Abyssinian thea. Abortion Ending of a pregnancy before the
Abflippen German colloquial term for bad fetus is developed sufficiently to survive.
feeling while being high on drugs. Aborts Colloquial term for Absolut vodka
Abflug machen 1. German colloquial term and port mixed together.
for fleeing. 2. German colloquial term for dy- Abott 47631 Estazolam.
ing of a drug overdose. Aboua Tabernanthe iboga. containing the
Abfucken German colloquial term for goof- stimulant ibogaine.
ing up a drug deal. About Done Colloquial term for being
Abgang German colloquial term for begin- drunk.
ning of a drug effect. About Full Colloquial term for being drunk.
Abgang machen 1. German colloquial About Had It Colloquial term for being
term for leaving the drug scene. 2. German drunk.
colloquial term for dying of a drug overdose. About Right Colloquial term for being
Abgebrannt German colloquial term for drunk.
having no possibility to get drugs. About Shot Colloquial term for being
Abgefahren German colloquial term for be- drunk.
ing high on drugs. About to get busy Colloquial tern for:
Abgefuckt German colloquial term for: Time to start selling drugs.
1. Being disappointed. 2. Having gone down Abpacken German colloquial term for divid-
the road to ruin. 3. Not having drugs. ing drugs into portions.
Abgehen German colloquial term for: Abraxas Foundation started in Pennsylvania,
1. Drug deals on the way. 2. Drug delivery on USA providing drug-treatment programmes
the way. 3. Drugs available. for adolescents in gender specific residential
Abgestellt German colloquial term for being programmes of therapeutic community type as
disappointed (for bad drug effects). well as non-residential programmes. Abraxas
Abgetörnt German colloquial term for being Foundation is well known for good evaluation
disappointed (for bad drug effects). Abre-o-sol Sinicuichi.
Abgewogenes German colloquial term for a Abrego, Juan Garcia One of Mexico´s
quantity of heroin on the street. most important drug dealers, leader of the
Abgewrackt German colloquial term for: gold-cartel, has a significant political influ-
1. Being addicted. 2. Collapse after excessive ence and has been accused as responsible for
8
many assassinations among them the murder absinthe is now prohibited in many countries
of Mr. Colisio, the presidential candidate for because of its toxicity.
the governing party PRI, 1994. Abrego was Flavoured, distilled liquor, yellowish green
arrested by the police in January 1996. colour, turning to cloudy, opalescent white
Abreojos Colloquial term for eye opener, the when mixed with water. Highly aromatic. this
first drugs or alcohol of the day. liqueur is dry and somewhat bitter in taste.
Abricotine Apricot-flavoured liqueur. Absinthe is made from spirit high in alcohol.
Abrir a sente Colloquial term for use of such as brandy, and marketed with alcoholic
drugs to stimulate mental activity and produce content of 68 percent by volume. Wormwood
mental inspiration, may be removal of inhibi- (Artemisia absinthium) is the chief flavouring
tions about perfection, rather than actual ingredient- other aromatic ingredients include
stimulation. licorice, usually predominating in the aroma,
Abrir la boca Colloquial term for informing hyssop, fennel, angelica root, aniseed, and sta-
on someone. ranise. The beverage was first produced com-
Abromalin Drug containing more than one mercially in 1797 by Henry-Louis Pernod,
active substance whereof one under interna- who purchased the formula from a French ex-
tional control: Phenobarbital calcium. ile living in Switzerland.
Abroncodid Hydrocodone bitartrate. The oil of wormwood probably due to its con-
Abrupto placenta Premature detachment of tent of thujone, a fragrant ketone (C H O)
10 16
placenta. Serious complication in pregnancy came to be considered dangerous to health,
that has a relatively high incidence among supposedly causing hallucinations, mental de-
pregnant women who uses stimulants like co- terioration, and sterility, although some au-
caine during pregnancy. thorities suggest that any harmful effects of
Abscess Accumulation of pus in tissues as the liquor are caused by its high alcohol con-
a result of infection. Characterized by in- tent and not its other ingredients. Absinthe
flammation and painful swelling, it may oc- manufacture was prohibited in Switzerland in
cur in various parts of the body, e.g., skin, 1908, in France in 1915 and eventually in
gum, eyelid, and middle ear. Many abscesses many other countries. In 1918 Pernod Fils es-
respond to treatment with antibiotics; others tablished a factory in Tarragona, Spain, to
require surgical drainage. Abscesses are manufacture both absinthe and a similar bev-
common among intravenous drug abusers. erage, without wormwood for export to those
Abschiessen German colloquial term for in- countries prohibiting true absinthe.
jecting (drugs). Beverages developed as substitutes similar in
Abschotten German colloquial term for: taste but lower in alcohol content and without
1. Reducing aggresions. 2. Keeping from get- wormwood, are known by such names as anis,
ting caught. or anisette, pastis, ouzo, or raki. Anis and pas-
Absenteeism 1. Habitual failure to ap- tis are also popularly known under such trade
pear, especially for work or other regular names as Pernod, Pernod 45, and Ricard.
duty. Absinthe is usually served diluted with water
2. The of occurrence of habitual absence and ice and may be used to flavour mixed
from work or duty. drinks The classic absinthe drink, the absinthe
Absetzen German colloquial term for quit- drip, is served in a special drip glass allowing
ting to take drugs. water to slowly drip through a sugar cube into
Absint 1. See: Absinthe. 2. Flunitrazepam. the liquor- Pastis also turns cloudy white when
Absint-alsem Dutch name for Artemisia ab- mixed with water, and anise turns to a cloudy,
sinthium. greenish-tinged white.
Absinth See: Absinthe. Absinthium Wormwood; the dead leaves
Absinthe From Old French, from Latin ab- and flowering tops of Artemisia absinhium.
sinthium, from Greek apsinthion. Absinthium majus Synonym for Artemisia
1. A perennial aromatic European herb (Ar- absinthium.
temisia absinthium), naturalised in eastern Absinthium officinale Synonym for Ar-
North America and having pinnatifid, silvery temisia absinthium.
silky leaves and numerous nodding flower Absinthium vulgare Synonym for Ar-
heads. Also called common wormwood. 2. temisia absinthium.
An extract of absinthium and other bitter Absinthkraut Artemisia absinthium.
herbs, containing 60 per cent alcohol; pro- Absintism Misuse and dependence of ab-
longed ingestion causes nervousness, con- sinthe.
vulsions, trismus, amblyopia, optic neuritis, Absolute Absolvere to set loose, free from
and mental deterioration. The liqueur have a limitations; unlimited; uncombined.
bitter anise or licorice flavour. Production of From Latin absolutus.
9
Absolute alcohol Ethanol containing not or to a behaviour after a period of abstinence.
more than 1% by mass of water. In some cases The initial relapse often proceeds to uncon-
the definition is ethanol of at least 99,6 per trolled use or behaviour. The AVE occurs
cent purity. when the person believes that the main cause
Absolutes Honesty, unselfishness, and love, or causes of the relapse are factors like lack of
AA-term from the Oxford movement. willpower or underlying diseases. In relapse
Absolutist In some languages a synonym for prevention the attention is focused on control-
abstainer, a person who does not drink alco- lable external or situational factors that may
hol. trigger relapse. The goal is to provide the per-
Absorb Colloquial term for drinking alco- son with the ability to return to abstinence as
hol. soon as possible after a relapse. This can be
Absorption Taking of molecules of one achieved through therapeutic interventions to
substance directly into another substance. deal with feelings of failure and guilt immedi-
Absorption may be either a physical or a ately after a relapse. AVE can be limited or
chemical process. Physical absorption de- prevented by educating persons in treatment
pends on the solubility of the substance ab- programmes that a brief relapse is undesirable
sorbed, and chemical absorption involves but common in the treatment process and that
chemical reactions between the absorbed it is important to seek help if it happens.
substance and the absorbing medium. Abstinence, conditioned See: With-
Drugs can be absorbed through the bodily mu- drawal, conditioned.
cous membranes e g cocaine is absorbed Abstinence-epilepsia See: Epilepsy.
through the mucous membrane in the nose . Abstinence-hallucinosis See: Hallucino-
Abstainer To hold back, to refrain from sis.
something by one's own choice. Those who Abstinence-orientated treatment
practise abstinence from alcohol are termed Treatment where the abstinence from all alco-
"abstainers", total abstainers", or - in a more hol and drug taking is one of the main rules.
old-fashioned formulation - "teetotallers". These rulings often includes all use of psy-
The term "current abstainer", often used in chopharmacological products. The term is
population surveys, is usually defined as a used to differ these treatment program from
person who has not drunk an alcoholic bever- those working with medications and/or main-
age in the preceding 12 months; this definition tenance programs such as methadone mainte-
does not necessarily coincide with a respon- nance. The idea behind these rules is that the
dent's self-description as an abstainer. roots of drug-taking disorders is to be found in
From French abstenir, from Latin abstinare. the personality and that it is easy to shift from
Abstemious 1. Abstaining from alcohol. a drug abuse to an alcohol or pill-abuse These
2. To be temperate or moderate in the amount principles applies to most therapeutic commu-
of alcohol consumed. nities even though they sometimes can be
Abstemonious Abstemious. modified to meet individual needs.
Abstemoniously Soberly. Abstinent alcoholic An alcoholic who no
Abstention Temperance or moderation in longer drinks alcoholic beverages, one whose
the amount of alcohol consumed. alcoholism is in remission. The term often
Abstinence 1. Abstention from alcoholic used within Alcoholics Anonymous to point
beverages. 2. The act or practice of refrain- out the view that alcoholism is a chronic dis-
ing from indulging an appetite, as for food. ease and that moderate drinking is impossible
3. Restraint of one's appetites or desires. when you are an alcoholic.
4. The willful avoidance of pleasures, espe- Abstract Colloquial term for LSD on paper.
cially of food and drink. Abstraktum German colloquial term for
LSD on paper.
The term "abstinence" should not be con- Abtörnen German colloquial term for getting
fused with "abstinence syndrome," an older high on drugs.
term for withdrawal syndrome. Abu Ali al-Husayn ibn Abdallah ibn
From French abstenance, from Latin abstinen- Sina See: Avicenna.
tia, from abstinns, abstinent-, present partici- Abua Tabernanthe iboga. containing the
ple of abstinre, to hold back. stimulant ibogaine.
See also: Sobriety; Temperance. Abulemin Amfepramone hydrochloride.
Abstinence delirium. See: Delirium. Abulruh Mandrake.
Abstinence syndrome Older term for Aburi Nigerian term for marijuana.
Withdrawal syndrome. Abuse (drug, alcohol, chemical, substance,
Abstinence violation effect AVE, the or psychoactive substance)
mechanism of relapsing to use of a substance A group of terms in wide use but of varying
10