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TAKING
GLASNOST
SERIOUSLY
MICHAENLO VAK
Frotmh "eI ntrodbuycJ teiaoJnn.Ke" i rk
patrifcokr,mU e.rS a.m basstaodt ohre
UnitNeadt ions:
"Novaks'pse ecahreeas n e loquent
reminodfte hrhe u mamne anoifnt ghH ee l
sinAkcic or..d . sH .ee schpeowlse amnicds
abstraicnft aivooonfarss t efaodcyou nts h e
humamne anionftg h aec coprrdosv'i sions
concerhnuimnacgno nta..c . tI sti. sg rati
fyintgok nowt heU nitSetda tweass
represaetnB teerdwn i tshu cchl arity,
humanaintrdye ,a lOiusrdm e.b ttoN ovak
isl arpgae;ro tfi tc anb ed ischabryg ed
takitnhtgei mteor eatdh essepe eches."
"Feiwaf,n yA,m eripcoasnssMe iscsh ael
Novadke'psot fhu nderstoafhn udmianng
righwthse,to hnea rni ntellmeocrtaoulra, l ,
persolneavle Tlh.e ssep eecmhaekse
wondermfouvli,ns gt,i mulraetaidnign g.
Theayr aen otphreorto hfaM tr .N ovaiks
oneo ft hgiesn eramtoisobtnr 'isl alnida nt
origtihnianlkT ehreWs e.si tsd eepilnhy i s
debt."
-Malco5l.Fm o rbJers.,
EditFoorr,b es
"Braavnebd r ilslpieaenc.t.h . eN so vak
refutsobe ldi antwk h ahtec al'lterhdee a l
problemp-rtohbelo efcm o mpliwaintche
exisdtoicnugm 'e"n ts.
-NormPaond horetz
EditCoorm,me ntary
"Examitnhient gr anscorniemp uts,t
admiUr.eSC .h iDeefl eMgiactheNa oevla k's
persilsotgaeinncedt l egoafne cxep ression."
-HarvaMradg azine
(Contoinnb uaecfldka p)
T·A · ·KNI · G·
GLASNOST
SERIOUSLY
TOWARDA NO PEN
SOVIETU NION
MICHAEL NOVAK
AMERICAN ENTERPRISE INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICY RESEARCH
Washington, D.C.
Michael Novak holds the George Frederick Jewett Chair in Religion,
Philosophy, and Public Policy at the American Enterprise Institute,
where he serves as director of Social and Political Studies. He was
appointed head of the U.S. delegation to the Experts' Meeting on
Human Contacts of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in
Europe and served as a presidential adviser to the Ford and Carter
administrations. Mr. Novak has published numerous books including
The Spirit of Democratic Capitalism, Moral Clarity in the Nuclear Age,
Confession ofa Catholic, Freedom with Justice: Catholic Social Thought and
Liberal Institutions, and Will ItLib erate? Questions about Liberation The
ology.
Distributed by arrangement with
UPA, Inc.
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Lanham, MD 20706
3 Henrietta Street t'
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-sc.�
LibroafCr oyn grCeastsa loging-Diant-:aP ubl8i cation
] C,'88
Novak, Michael.
Taking Glasnost seriously.
1. Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe
(1975: Helsinki, Finland) 2. CSCE Experts Meeting on Human Contact
(1986: Bern, Switzerland) 3. Soviet Union-Emigration and
immigration. 4. Civil rights-Soviet Union. I. Title.
JX1393.C65N68 1988 327.1'7'094 87-34895 CIP
ISBN 0-8447-3641-4
ISBN 0-8447-3642-2 (pbk.)
/?_ 0() b 7 / 7� '7 f''3
AEI Studies 465
© 1988 by the American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research,
Washington, D.C. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be used
or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without permission in writing from
the American Enterprise Institute except in the case of brief quotations em
bodied in news articles, critical articles, or reviews. The views expressed in
the publications of the American Enterprise Institute are those of the authors
and do not necessarily reflect the views of the staff, advisory panels, officers,
or trustees of AEI.
@)
"American Enterprise Institute" and are registered service marks of
the American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research.
Printed in the United States ofA merica
SOCIAL SCIENC'�7 A"-:n ,.n�TORY DIVISION
THE CH!• -SO l,,_, '.; LIBRARY
..-
Contents
PREFACE
Michael Novak
INTRODUCTION
Jeane J. Kirkpatrick
PART ONE
PREVIEW
1
ASSIGNMENT IN BERN 3
2
ON HUMAN CONTACTS: A TURNING POINT? 6
3
PROSPECTS FOR BERN 9
PART Two
SPEECHES IN BERN: April 3-May 27, 1986
4
BERN: PuRPOSE AND BACKGROUND 15
5
PEACE, COOPERATION, AND SECURITY 19
6
OPEN PLENARY MEETINGS AND THE PuBLIC 23
7
ORDINARY PEOPLE: THE DREAM AND THE REALITY 28
8
RIGHT OF REPLY: ON TERRORISM 33
9
A NEW BEGINNING FOR DIVIDED SPOUSES 37
V
10 FAMILRYE UNICFAITION 45
11 RESPONTSOES OVIECTH ARGEOSFA PRI2L3 54
INCREASHIUNMGA NC ONTACTS 59
12 Ambassador Sol Polansky
13 REGARDIVNIGS PAR ACTICES 66
14 TOWARADN O PENS OVIUENTI ON 69
15 THER IGHTTO B EI SSUAE PDA SSPORT 84
16 EXTEMPORREEP LADYM:I NISTRATLIAVBEY RINTHS 89
17 REMOVILNEGG AOLB STACLREESS TRICTCIONNGT ACTS 92
18 RELIGIAONUDSH UMANC ONTACTS 96
19 EXTEMPORRIEG HOTF R EPLOYN L ABOURN IONS 101
20 INS UPPOORFTF RELEA BOURN IONS 105
21 INS UPPOORFTN ONGOVERNMENOTRAGLA NIZATION1S1 0
RELIGICOOUNST ACTS
113
22 Ambassador Sol Polansky
23 RIGHOTF R EPLOYN R ELIGION 118
24 ON MAILA NDP OSTAILN TERFERENCE 121
vi
25 REMARKS ON ENTRY VISAS AND EXIT VISAS 124
26 RIGHT OF REPLY TO POLAND 130
-
STATEMENT ON NATIONAL MINORITIES AND REGIONAL
27
CULTURES 132
Ambassador Sol Polansky
28 REMARKS ON THE MAY 16 SPEECH BY THE USSR 134
MONITORING COMPLIANCE WITH THE HELSINKI FINAL
29
AcT: DRAFT OF PLENARY ADDRESS 140
30 SAKHAROv'S BIRTHDAY 145
WORDS VERSUS COMPLIANCE: CONCLUDING PLENARY
31
ADDRESS 148
PART THREE
THE AFTERMATH
32 THE ENDGAME 153
33
ACCOMPLISHMENTS AT BERN 161
34 BREAKTHROUGH IN BERN 168
35 TAKING HELSINKI SERIOUSLY 170
36 EPILOGUE 173
APPENDIX: COMPARISON OF HELSINKI/MADRID LANGUAGE
WITH BERN'S FINAL COMPROMISE PROPOSALS AND
ANALYTICAL COMMENTS 175
vii
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Winton M. Blount Robert H. Malott Mark Shepherd, Jr.
Chm. and CEO Chm.and CEO Chairman
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Edwin L. Cox Paul W. McCracken Roger B. Smith
Chairman, Edmund Ezra Day University Chm.and CEO
Cox Oil & Gas, Inc. Professor Emeritus General Motors Corp.
University of Michigan
John J. Creedon Richard D.W ood
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Christopher C. DeMuth Walter B. Wriston
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Charles T. Fisher III
Chm. and Pres. Richard M. Morrow
National Bank of Detroit Chm. and CEO
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Officers
AEI Council of Academic Chm. and CEO
Advisers AT&T Christopher C. DeMuth
President
George M. Keller David Packard
Chm. and CEO Chairman David B. Gerson
Chevron Corp. Hewlett-Packard Co. Executive Vice President
BenF. Love Charles W. Parry JamesF . Hicks
Chm. and CEO Director Vice President, Finance and
Texas Commerce Bancshares, Inc. Aluminum Co.o f America Administration; Treasurer; and
Secretary
Richard B. Madden Edmund T. Pratt, Jr.
Chm. and CEO Chm. and CEO Patrick Ford
Potlatch Corp. Pfizer, Inc. Vice President, Public Affairs
Council of Academic Research Staff John H. Makin
Advisers
Claude E. Barfield Resident Scholar; Director,
Fiscal Policy Studies
D. Gale Johnson, Chairman Resident Fellow; Director,
Science and Technology Brian F. Mannix
Eliakirn Hastings Moore
Distinguished Service Professor Walter Berns Resident Fellow; Managing
of Economics Adjunct Scholar Editor, Regulation
University of Chicago Douglas J. Besharov Constantine C. Menges
Paul M. Bator Resident Scholar
Resident Scholar; Director,
John P. Wilson Professor of Law Social Responsibility Project Joshua Muravchik
University of Chicago Nicholas N. Eberstadt Resident Scholar
Gary S. Becker Visiting Scholar Michael Novak
University Professor of Economics Gerald R. Ford George F.J ewett Scholar;
and Sociology Director, Social and Political
Distinguished Fellow
University of Chicago Studies
Murray F. Foss
Donald C. Hellmann Norman}. Ornstein
Visiting Scholar
Professor of Political Science and Resident Scholar
International Studies Suzanne Garment
Richard N. Perle
University of Washington Resident Scholar
Resident Fellow
Gertrude Himmelfarb Allan Gerson
Thomas Robinson
Distinguished Professor of Resident Scholar
Director, China
History
Robert A. Goldwin Studies Program
City University of New York
Resident Scholar; Codirector,
William A. Schambra
Nelson W. Polsby Constitution Project
Resident Fellow; Codirector,
Professor of Political Science
Gottfried Haberler Constitution Project
University of California at
Resident Scholar
Berkeley William Schneider
Herbert Stein William S. Haraf Resident Fellow
J.E dward Lundy Visiting Scholar;
A. Willis Robertson Herbert Stein
Director, Financial Markets
Professor of Economics Senior Fellow;
Regulation Project
Emeritus Editor, AEEIc onomist
University of Virginia Karlyn H. Keene
Edward Styles
Murray L. Weidenbaum Resident Fellow; Managing Director, Publications
Editor, PublOpiicn ion
Mallinckrodt Distinguished
Sir Alan Walters
University Professor Jeane J. Kirkpatrick
Senior Fellow
Washington University Senior Fellow
James Q. Wilson Counselor to the President for Ben J. Wattenberg
Foreign Policy Studies Senior Fellow;
James Collins Professor of
Management Marvin H. Kosters Coeditor, PubOpliinci on
University of California at Resident Scholar; Director, Carolyn L. Weaver
Los Angeles Economic Policy Studies Resident Scholar; Editor,
Regulation
Irving Kristol
Senior Fellow John C. Weicher
S. Robert Lichter F.K. Weyerhaeuser Scholar
DeWitt Wallace Fellow Makoto Yokoyama
Chong-Pin Lin Visiting Fellow
Associate Director,
China Studies Program
Preface
The Bern Experts' Meeting, including its two weeks of preliminary
meetings, lasted a total of forty working week days-although week
ends, too, were often heavily scheduled with group trips or private
meetings. A frank description of the hurried conditions under which
the speeches collected below were composed would defy belief. The
schedulers of international meetings allow frightfully little time for
actual writing. The duties of an ambassador-to the thirty-four other
ambassadors present, to the public, to the press, to his own staff, and
to steady communication with his capital-fill every free minute of
the day. From eight in the morning until eleven or midnight,
P.M.
there are duties to be met. In wanting to write my own speeches, I
had to fight for minutes and struggle to complete even paragraphs.
The assistance of staff was, of course, tremendous. In our case,
experts in various areas drew up "building blocks" for speeches,
accumulated the factual data, verified details, and suggested argu
ments. They also criticized each of my full drafts as it emerged,
pointing out flaws and potential misunderstandings. The U.S. team
in Bern-staffed both by the State Department and by the Helsinki
Commission of the U.S. Congress-was expert, extremely well pre
pared, and invariably generous with overtime and frantic work. I can
never thank them enough: Ambassador Sol Polansky and Sam Wise of
the Helsinki Commission, who provided experienced leadership
throughout; Ambassador Max Kampelman, who came over from
Geneva for one extremely important appearance at Bern; Julien
LeBourgeois, the talented and classy officer assigned by the State
Department to the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Eu
rope; and many others from the State Department or the Helsinki
Commission: Ed Alexander, Debby Burns, Bruce Connuck, Tom
Countryman, Orest Deychakiwsky, Barbara Edwards, John Finerty,
Dolores Fitch, Michael Hathaway, Carol Medeiros, Golde Rhodes,
John Schmidt, Earlina Smith, John Spiegel, and Mildred Zyvoloski. A
special word of thanks is due to two distinguished experts who each
joined briefly and with spirit in our work: George Urban and William
Korey.
MICHAEL NOVAK
Xl
