SuSE Linux Enterprise Server / Administration

353 Pages·2004·1.92 MB·English

SuSE Linux
Enterprise Server 8
for IBM iSeries and IBM pSeries
Administration
Edition 2004
Copyright ©
This publication is intellectual property of SuSE Linux AG.
Its contents can be duplicated, either in part or in whole, provided that a copyright
label is visibly located on each copy.
All information found in this book has been compiled with utmost attention to de-
tail. However, this does not guarantee complete accuracy. Neither SuSE Linux AG,
the authors, nor the translators shall be held liable for possible errors or the conse-
quences thereof.
Many of the software and hardware descriptions cited in this book are registered
trademarks. All trade names are subject to copyright restrictions and may be regis-
tered trade marks. SuSE Linux AG essentially adheres to the manufacturer’s spelling.
Names of products and trademarks appearing in this book (with or without specific
notation) are likewise subject to trademark and trade protection laws and may thus
fall under copyright restrictions.
The following are trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation in the
United States, other countries, or both: IBM, AS/400, AIX, OS/400, iSeries, pSeries,
Redbook, DB2, and PowerPC.
Please direct suggestions and comments to [email protected]
Authors: Frank Bodammer, Stefan Dirsch, Roman Drahtmüller, Karl Eichwalder,
Werner Fink, Dennis Geider, Carsten Groß, Olaf Hering, Andreas
Jaeger, Jana Jaeger, Klaus Kämpf, Olaf Kirch, Hubert Mantel, Michael
Matz, Johannes Meixner, Lars Müller, Anas Nashif, Susanne Ober-
hauser, Edith Parzefall, Peter Poeml, Marc Rührschneck, Marcus
Schaefer, Klaus Singvogel, Andreas Schwab, Martin Sommer, Klaus
G. Wagner, Christian Zoz
Translators: Rebecca Ellis, Olaf Niepolt
Editors: Antje Faber, Dennis Geider, Roland Haidl, Jana Jaeger,
Edith Parzefall, Peter Reinhart, Marc Rührschneck, Thomas Schraitle,
Martin Sommer, Rebecca Walter
Layout: Manuela Piotrowski, Thomas Schraitle
Setting: LATEX
This book has been printed on 100% chlorine-free bleached paper.
Introduction
About the Manual
This book helps you administer your SuSE Linux Enterprise Server on IBM
iSeriesandpSeriessystems. Youwillbeprovidedwithinformationneededto
configure the system in detail and some basic information about networking
principles.
YaST2,thecentraladministrationtoolofSuSELinuxEnterpriseServer,provides
a full set of modules to make administration available at one point in your
system. ThismanualwillcovertheYaST2modulesnecessarytoconfigureand
controlthesystem.
Anotherpartofthismanualwillcovertheconfigurationofadditionalhardware,
suchasprinters.
Finally,thenetworkconfigurationandseveralimportantnetworkservicesare
discussed. This part also includes some useful information about network
securityandtheintegrationofSuSELinuxEnterpriseServerintoheterogenous
networks.
Required Background
We have made several assumptions concerning your background knowledge
whendesigningthisdocument.
YouarefamiliarwithOS/400andpSeriesfirmwareterminology.
YouhaveagoodknowledgeoftheiSeriesandpSeriesdevicesattachedto
yoursystem,especiallythenetwork.
YoualreadyhaveabasicunderstandingofUnixsystemadministration.
Typographical Conventions
Thefollowingtypographicalconventionsareusedinthisbook:
Text layout Meaning
YaST programs
/etc/passwd fileordirectorynames
hparameteri when entering a command, parameter
should be replaced by the actual value,
excluding the angle brackets.
PATH theenvironmentvariablePATH
192.168.1.2 the value of a variable. In this case,
192.168.1.2
ls thecommandls
news theusernews
earth:~ # ls Input of ls in the command shell of the
userrootinhishomedirectoryofthehost
“Earth”
newbie@earth:~ > ls Input of ls in the command shell of user
newbie in his home directory on the host
“Earth”
C:\> fdisk DOS prompt with the command input
fdisk
(cid:7) (cid:4)
(cid:6)Alt(cid:5) A key to press. Keys to press sequentially
areseparatedbyspaces.
(cid:7) (cid:4)(cid:7) (cid:4)(cid:7) (cid:4)
(cid:6)Ctrl(cid:5)+(cid:6)Alt(cid:5)+(cid:6)Del(cid:5) Keys to press simultaneously are grouped
withthe‘+’sign.
"Permissiondenied" Systemmessages
‘SystemUpdate’ Menuitems,buttons,labels
Nuremberg,26thJanuary2004
YourSuSEteam
iv
Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
I Configuration 1
1 YaST2 in Text Mode (ncurses) 3
InvocationandUsage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
ModuleOperation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
InvokingtheVariousModules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
YaSTOnlineUpdate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2 YaST2 in Graphics Mode 9
StartingYaST2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Software. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
ChangeInstallationSource . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
YaSTOnlineUpdate(YOU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
InstallandRemoveSoftware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
SystemUpdate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
PatchCDUpdate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
DisplayandInputdevices(SaX2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
HardwareInformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Network/Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
NetworkCardConfiguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
E-Mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Network/Advanced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
ConfiguringanNFSServer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
ConfiguringNIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
HostNameandDNSConfiguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
ConfiguringRouting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
SecurityandUsers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
UserAdministration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
GroupAdministration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
SecuritySettings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Firewall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
CreatingaSystemBackup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Restore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
SysconfigEditor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
RunlevelEditor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
ExpertPartitioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
LogicalVolumeManager(LVM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
SoftRAID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
TimeZoneSelection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
LanguageSelection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Miscellaneous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
StartProtocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
SystemProtocol. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
LoadingaVendor’sDriverCD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
vi Contents
3 The X Window System 33
HistoricalBackground . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Version4.xofXFree86 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
ConfigurationwithSaX2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
SaX2—MainWindow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
GraphicsCard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
ColorsandResolutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
3DAcceleration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
ImagePositionandSize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Multihead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
InputDevices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
AccessX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
OptimizingtheInstallationoftheXWindowSystem . . . . . . . . . . . 43
IntegratingAdditional(TrueType)Fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
4 Printer Operation 53
PrintingBasics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
MakingthePrinterWork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
ConfiguringaPrinterwithYaST2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
PrintQueuesandConfigurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
PrinterConfigurationwithYaST2:TheBasics . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
AutomaticConfiguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
ManualConfiguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
PrinterConfigurationinApplicationPrograms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
PrintingfromtheCommandLine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
UsingtheLPRngandlpdfilterSystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
UsingtheCUPSSystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
ManualConfigurationofLocalPrinterPorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
ParallelPorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
USBPorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
TheIrDAPrinterInterface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
SuSE Linux – Enterprise Server 8 vii
SerialPorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
ManualConfigurationoftheLPRngandlpdfilterPrintingSystem . . . 75
TheLPRngandlpdfilterPrintSpooler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Command-LineToolsforLPRng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
ManagingLocalQueues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
ManagingRemoteQueues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
ThePrintFilteroftheLPRngandlpdfilterPrintingSystem. . . . . . . . 81
CustomPrintFiltersfortheLPRngSpooler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
TheCUPSPrintingSystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
NamingConventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
IPPandServer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
ConfigurationofaCUPSServer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
NetworkPrinters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
InternalCUPSPrintJobProcessing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
TipsandTricks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Command-LineToolsfortheCUPSPrintingSystem . . . . . . . . . . . 101
ManagingLocalQueues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
ManagingRemoteQueues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
WorkingwithGhostscript . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Workingwitha2ps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
ReformattingPostScriptwithpsutils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
psnup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
pstops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
psselect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
UsingGhostscripttoViewtheOutput . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
ASCIITextEncoding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
PrintinginaTCP/IPNetwork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
RemotePrinterTroubleshooting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
PrintServersSupportingBothLPDandIPP . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
viii Contents
II System 131
5 The Kernel 133
KernelSources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
KernelModules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
6 Special Features of SuSE Linux Enterprise Server 137
LinuxStandards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
FileSystemHierarchyStandard(FHS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
LinuxStandardBase(LSB). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
teTeX—TEXinSuSELinux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
ExampleEnvironmentsforFTPandHTTP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
HintsonSpecialSoftwarePackages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Packagebashand/etc/profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
cronPackage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
LogFiles—thePackagelogrotate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
ManPages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
TheCommandulimit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
ThefreeCommand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
TheFile/etc/resolv.conf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
VirtualConsoles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
KeyboardMapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
LocalAdjustments—I18N/L10N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
7 Support for 32-bit and 64-bit Programs in a 64-bit Environment 149
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
RuntimeSupport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
SoftwareDevelopment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
KernelIssues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
SuSE Linux – Enterprise Server 8 ix
8 The SuSE Linux Enterprise Server Boot Concept 155
TheinitProgram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Runlevels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
ChangingRunlevels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
InitScripts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
TheYaST2RunlevelEditor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
SuSEconfig,/etc/sysconfig,and/etc/rc.config . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
UsingtheYaST2sysconfigEditor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
SystemConfiguration:ScriptsandVariables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
III Networking 193
9 Linux in the Network 195
TCP/IP—TheProtocolUsedbyLinux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
LayerModel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
IPAddressesandRouting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
DomainNameSystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
IPv6—TheNextGeneration’sInternet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
ANewInternetProtocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
StructureofanIPv6Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
IPv6Netmasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
ForMoreInformationAboutIPv6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
NetworkIntegration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Preparing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
ConfigurationAssistedbyYaST2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
ConfiguringIPv6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
ManualNetworkConfiguration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
ConfigurationFiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Start-UpScripts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
RoutinginSuSELinuxEnterpriseServer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
DNS—DomainNameService . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
StartingtheNameServerBIND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
x Contents