Regulatory Mechanisms of Neuron to Vessel Communication in the Brain

424 Pages·1989·17.847 MB·English

by  Elizabeth M. Burns, Thomas W. Kruckeberg (auth.), Fiorenzo Battaini, Stefano Govoni, Maria Sandra Magnoni, Marco Trabucchi (eds.)

NATO ASI Series
Advanced Science Institutes Series
A series presenting the results of activities sponsored by the NATO Science
Committee, which aims at the dissemination of advanced scientific and
technological knowledge, with a view to strengthening /inks between scientific
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The Series is published by an international board of publishers in conjunction with
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H Cell Biology
Series H: Cell Biology Vol. 33
The ASI Series Sooks Published as aResult of
Activities of the Special Programme on
CELL TO CELL SIGNALS IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
This book contains the proceedings of a NATO Advanched Research Workshop held within the
activities of the NATO Special Programme on Cell to Cell Signals in Plants and Animals, running
from 1984 to 1989 under the auspices of the NATO Science Committee.
The books published as aresult of the activities of the Special Programme are:
Vol. 1: Biology and Molecular Biology of Plant-Pathogen Interactions. Edited by JA Baily. 1986.
Vol. 2: Glial-Neuronal Communication in Development and Regeneration.
Edited by H.H. Althaus and W. Seifert. 1987.
Vol. 3: Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor: Structure and Funetion. Edited by A. Maelicke. 1986.
Vol. 4: Recognition in Microbe-Plant Symbiotic and Pathogenic Interactions.
Edited by B. Lugtenberg. 1986. .
Vol. 5: Mesenchymal-Epitheliallnteractions in Neurai Development.
Edited byJ.R. Wolff, J. Sievers, and M. Berry. 1987.
Vol. 6: Molecular Mechanisms of Desensitization to Signal Molecules.
Edited byT.M. Konjin, P.J.M. Van Haastert, H. Van der Starre, H. Van derWel,
and MD. Houslay. 1987.
Vol. 7: Gangliosides and Modulation of Neuronal Funetions. Edited by H. Rahmann. 1987.
Vol. 9: Modification of Cell to Cell Signals During Normal and Pathological Aging.
Edited By S. Govoni and F. Battaini. 1987.
Vol. 10: Plant Hormone Receptors. Edited by D. Klämbl. 1987.
Vol. 11: Host-Parasite Cellular and Molecular Interactions in Protozoallnfections.
Edited by K.-P. Chang and D. Snary. 1987.
Vol. 12: The Cell Surface in Signal Transduction.
Edited by E. Wagner, H. Greppin, and B. Millel. 1987.
Vol. 19: Modulation of Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity in Nervous Systems.
Edited byG. Hertting and H.-C. Spatz. 1988.
Vol. 20: Amino Acid Availability and Brain Function in Health and Disease.
Edited byG. Huether. 1988.
Vol. 21: Cellular and Molecular Basis of Synaptic Transmission. Edited by H. Zimmermann. 1988.
Vol. 23: The Semiotics of Cellular Communication in the Immune System.
Edited by E.E. Sercarz, F. Celada, NA Mitchison, and T. Tada. 1988.
Vol. 24: Bacteria, Complement and the Phagocytic Cell. Edited by F.C. Cabello and C. Pruzzo. 1988.
Vol. 25: NicotinicAcetylcholine Receptors in the Nervous System.
Edited by F. Celementi, C. Gotti, and E. Sher. 1988.
Vol. 26: Cell to Cell Signals in Mammalian Development.
Edited byS.W. de Laat, J.G. Bluemink, and C.L. Mummery. 1989.
Vol. 27: Phytotoxinsand Plant Pathogenesis. Edited by A. Graniti, R.D. Durbin, andA. Ballio. 1989.
Vol. 31: Neurobiology of the Inner Retina. Edited by R. Weiler and N.N. Osborne. 1989.
Vol. 32: Molecular Biology of Neuroreceptors and lon Channels. Edited by A. Maelicke. 1989.
Vol. 33: Regulatory Mechanisms of Neuron to Vessel Communication in the Brain.
Edited by F. Battaini, S. Govoni, M.S. Magnoni, and M. Trabucchi. 1989.
Regulatory Mechanisms
of Neuron to Vessel
Communication in the Brain
Edited by
Fiorenzo Battaini
Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences
" University of Rome, Via Orazio Raimondo, 00173 Rome, Italy
Stefano Govoni
Department of Pharmacobiology
Universityof Bari, Via Re David 4, 70100 Bari, Italy
Maria Sandra Magnoni
Institute of Pharmacological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacology,
Universityof Milano, Via Balzaretti, 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
Marco Trabucchi
Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences,
" University of Rome, Via Orazio Raimondo, 00173 Rome, Italy
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg NewYork
London Paris Tokyo Hong Kong
Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Regulatory
Mechanisms of Neuron to Vessel Communication in the Brain held in Sala, Italy,
September 3-8,1988
ISBN-13:978-3-642-74154-8 e-ISBN-13:978-3-642-74152-4
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-74152-4
Library 01 Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data. NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Regulatory
Mechanisms 01 Neuron to Vesse I Communication in the Brain (1988; Sa16, Italy). Regulatory mechanisms 01
neuron tovessel communication in the brain/edited by Fiorenzo Battaini ... [et al.]. p. cm.-(NATO ASI series,
Series H. Cell biology: vol. 33) "Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Regulatory
Mechanisms 01 Neuron to Vessel Communication in the Brain, held in Sa16, Italy, September 3-8, 1988"-T.p.
verso. "Published in cooperation with NAAT O Scientilic Affairs Division." Includes index.
1. Cerebral circulation-Congresses. 2. Microcirculation-Congresses. 3. Brain-Blood-vessels
Innervation-Congresses. 4. Brain-Metabolism-Regulation-Congresses. I. Battaini, Fiorenzo.
II. North AlIanctic Treaty Organization. Scientilic Affairs Division. III. Tille. IV. Series. [DNLM: 1. Blood-Brain
Barrier-congresses. 2. Brain-physiology-congresses. WL200 N279r 1988] QP108.5, C4N368
1988 612.8'24-dc20 DNLM/DLC 10rLibraryolCongress 89-19666.
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Copyright Law.
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1989
Soltcover reprint 01 the hardcover 1st ediliton 1989
2131/3140-543210-Prinled on acid-Iree-paper
PREFACE
Different molecular mechanisms cooperate to the regulation
of brain microcirculation: hormones, local metabolic
products, transmitterso Great interest has recently emerged
in literature on the neuronal systems controlling the blood
brain barrier and on the reciprocal interaction between
neuronal activity and vascular supply.
In particular, this volume on the NATO Advanced Research
Workshop held in Salo' (BS), Italy, September 3-8, 1988,
outlines the importance of neuron-vessel communication in the
regulation of cerebral microenvironment. The problem is
approached from a multidisciplinary point of viev, with
contributions coming from basic and clinical areas.
Stimulating results emerge from in vivo imaging techniques
which allow the investigation of the hemodynamic and
metabolic activities of the brain in various physiological
and pathological conditions, such as aging or dementia. This
methodology is of fundamental importance to acquire deeper
knowledge on the relationship between cerebral blood flow,
metabolism and higher brain funetions.
Another stimulating aspeet addressed in this volume is the
role of the glia in maintaining the homeostasis of the
neuronal microenvironment, by "buffering" the excess of ions
in the extracellular space and regulating the vascular
transport processes.
The complex interplay neuron-glia-vessel may indicate new
perspectives in the therapy of cerebrovascular disorders,
suggesting as a target for pharmacological intervention the
VI
neuronal (or glial) eelIs partieipating to the exchange of
ions and substanees responsible for the extension of the
isehemie damage.
Finally, a ehapter of the book presents new hypothesis on the
funetion of eerebral endothelium in the genesis and
development of multiple selerosis lesions. The elassieal view
of the brain as an immunologieal privileged organ is ehallen
ged by the observation that alteration of the blood brain
barrier indueed by elements of the immune system may be the
starting faetor for the pathologieal injuries.
In the book we have added part of the diseussions whieh have
greatly eontributed to the success of the workshop.
In conelusion, we whould like to thank the National Research
Couneil of Italy (CNR) who in addition to NATO has provided
support to the meeting.
We whould like to express our sineere appreeiation to Mrs
B.R. Chilo', General Seeretary of the Nutrition Foundation of
Italy and all the members of our laboratory who have
eollaborated in the organization of this workshop.
The Editors
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
BATTAINI F., Dept. Experimental Medicine and Biochemical
Sciences, Chair of Toxicology, Univesity of Rome "Tor
Vergata", Via Orazio Raimondo, 00187 Rome, Italy
BETZ A.L., Dept. Pediatrics, Surgery and Neurology,
University of Michigan, D3227 Medical Professional Bldg, Ann
Arbor, MI 48109-0718, U.S.A.
BURNS E.M., Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A.
CANGIANO C., Dept. Internal Medicine, University of Rome "La
Sapienza", Via1e dell'Universita' 37, 00185 Rome, Italy.
CARDELLI-CANGIANO P., Dept. Human Biopathology, Universityof
Rome "La Sapienza" Viale Regina E1ena 324, 00185 Rome, Italy.
CERVOS-NAVARRO J., Institute of Neuropathology, Free
University of Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 1000 Berlin 45, West
Germany
CREMER J.E., MRC Cyclotron Unit, Hammersmith Hospital, Du
Cane Road, London W 12 OHS, U.K.
CUNNINGHAM V.J., MRC Cyclotron Unit, Hammersmith Hospital,
Du Cane Road, London W 12 OHS, U.K.
EDVINSSON L., Dept. Internal Medicine, University Hospitals
Lund, 22185 Lund, Sweden.
FREEDMAN L., Pharmacology Dept., Pennwalt Corporation, 755
Jefferson Road, Rochester, New York 14623, U.S.A.
GOVONI S. Pharmacobiology Department, University of Bari, Via
Re David 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
HARGREAVES J. Merck, Sharp and Dohme, Neuroscience Research
Centre, Terling Park, Harlow, Essex CH20 2QR. U.K.
VIII
HARTMANN B.K., Division of Neuroscience Research in
Psychiatry, Dept. Psychiatry, Univrsity of Minnesota Medical
School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, U.S.A.
HERTZ L., Dept. Pharmacology, Universityof Saskatchewan,
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N OWO, Canada
HORWITZ B., Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institutes
on Aging, N.I.H., Bldg. 10, Rm. 6C 603,. Bethesda, Md 20892,
U.S.A.
JOO F., Laboratory of Neuropatho1ogfy and Neuroanatomical
Sciences, Institute of Neurological and Communicative
Disorders and Stroke, N.I.H., Bldg. 36 Rm. 4D04, Bethesda, Md
20892, U.S.A.
KRUCKEBERG T.W., University of Iowa, Iowa City, U.S.A.
KURCEWICZ I., Unite'de Recherches sur l'Epilepsie, INSERM U
97 2ter rue d'Alesia, 75014 Paris, France.
LOU H., The John F. Kennedy Institute, Dpt. Neuropediatrics,
Gl. Landevej 7, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark.
LOUVEL J., Unite'de Recherches sur l'Epilepsie, INSERM U 97
2ter rue d'Alesia, 75014 Paris, France.
MAGNONI M.S., University of Milan, Institute of Pharmacolo
gical Sciences, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
MC CREEDY A. Pharmacology Dept., Pennwalt Corporation, 755
Jefferson Road, Rochester, New York 14623, U.S.A.
MC CULLOCH J. , Wellcome Neuroscience Group, University of
Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, U.K.
ORKAND R.K., Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto
Rico Medical Sciences Campus, 201 Blvd. del Valle, San Juan
PR 00901, U.S.A.
PALMER G.C., Pharmacology Dept., Pennwalt Corporation, 755
Jefferson Road, Rochester, New York 14623, U.S.A.
IX
PUMAIN R., Unite'de Recherches sur l'Epilepsie, INSERM U 97
2ter rue d'Alesia, 75014 Paris, France.
RAPOPORT S.I., Laboratory of Neurosciences, National
Institutes on Aging, N.I.H., Bldg. 10, Rm. 6C 603,. Bethesda,
Md 20892, U.S.A.
SALLY A., Pharmacology Dept., Pennwalt Corporation, 755
Jefferson Road, Rochester, New York 14623, U.S.A.
SAMPAOLO S., Institute of Neuropathology, Free University of
Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 1000 Berlin 45, West Germany
SIESJO B.K., University of Lund, Laboratory for Experimental
Brain Research, Floor EA-5, Lund Hospital, 221 85 Lund,
Sweden.
SMITH M-L., University of Lund, Laboratory for Experimental
Brain Research, Floor EA-5, Lund Hospital, 221 85 Lund,
Sweden.
SOKOLOFF L., Laboratoryof Cerebral Metabolism, National
Institute of Mental Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg. 36,
Rm. 1A05, Bethesda, Md 20892, U.S.A.
TRABUCCHI M., Dept. Experimental Medicine and Biochemical
Sciences, Chair of ToxicOlogy, Univesity of Rome "Tor
Vergata", Via Orazio Raimondo, 00187 Rome, Italy.
TRAUGOTT U., Dept. of Pathology (Neuropathology) and
Neurology and the Rose F. Kennedy Center for Reserch in
Mental retardation and Human development, Albert Einstein
College of Medicine, The Bronx, New York, U.S.A.
CONTENTS
E . M. BURNS, T. . W. KRUCKEBERG
The ultrastructural basis of capillary
permeability. 1
A.L. BETZ
Structural and functional polarity of the blood
brain barrier. 21
C. CANGIANO, P. CARDELLI-CANGIANO
Active and facilitated amino acid transport
mechanisms across the brain capillary
endotheIial eelIs in physiological and
pathological conditionv 37
B.K. HARTMAN
Central noradrenergic innervation of cerebral
microvessels: implications for an autonomic
nervous system within the brain. 65
H.C. LOU, L. EDVINSSON
Innervation of the cerebral vasculature and its
putative role in the coupling of flow to
metabolism. 75