Table Of ContentContents Contents
Protective Gloves for
Occupational Use
This revised text discusses key aspects for protective gloves, including glove
materials, the manufacture of gloves, how to perform testing of gloves, and glove
performance.
The book provides guidance on how to select gloves to prevent skin contamination
from chemical and microbial exposure in the occupational environment and presents
hard-to-find information in one easy-to-use resource. It covers important concepts,
including prevention of contact dermatitis, clinical testing of occupation-related
glove sensitivity, and infection control and preventative measures for pandemics.
The book
• Provides update state-of-the-art information, practices, standards, and
guidelines.
• Covers information on protective glove material technology, protective
effects, and adverse medical effects.
• Explores ways to select gloves to prevent skin contamination from chemical
and microbial exposure in the occupational environment.
• Discusses concepts, including glove materials, the manufacture of gloves,
how to perform testing of gloves, and glove performance according to
standardized technical methods in vivo.
The text will be useful for professionals in the fields of occupational medicine,
occupational health, occupational and industrial hygiene, health care, and public health.
It will also help graduate students in the fields of chemistry, chemical engineering,
mechanical engineering, biology, pharmacy, and environmental health. This book
offers a wealth of information on protective glove material technology, protective
effects, and adverse medical effects. It gives detailed discussion of parameters, including
the selection and use of gloves for industrial chemicals, acrylates, and pesticides, and
gloves as protection against microbial contamination. It will be a valuable resource for
professionals and graduate students in the fields of occupational and industrial hygiene,
healthcare, public health, chemistry, chemical engineering, mechanical engineering,
biology, pharmacy, occupational, and environmental health.
Protective Gloves for
Occupational Use
Third Edition
Edited by
Robert N. Phalen and Howard I. Maibach
Third edition published 2023
by CRC Press
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
and by CRC Press
4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
© 2023 selection and editorial matter, Robert N. Phalen and Howard I. Maibach, individual chapters, the
contributors
First edition published by CRC Press 1994
Second edition published by CRC Press 2019
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Phalen, Robert N., editor. | Maibach, Howard I., editor.
Title: Protective gloves for occupational use / edited by Robert N. Phalen
and Howard Maibach.
Description: Third edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2023. | Revised
edition of: Protective gloves for occupational use / edited by Anders
Boman ... [et al.]. 2nd ed. c2005. | Includes bibliographical references
and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2022020986 (print) | LCCN 2022020987 (ebook) | ISBN
9780367649005 (hardback) | ISBN 9780367649050 (paperback) | ISBN
9781003126874 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Contact dermatitis--Prevention. | Protective clothing. |
Dermatotoxicology. | Industrial hygiene. | Occupational diseases.
Classification: LCC RL244 .P76 2023 (print) | LCC RL244 (ebook) | DDC
616.5/1--dc23/eng/20220629
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022020986
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022020987
ISBN: 9780367649005 (hbk)
ISBN: 9780367649050 (pbk)
ISBN: 9781003126874 (ebk)
DOI: 10.1201/9781003126874
Typeset in Times
by Deanta Global Publishing Services, Chennai, India
Contents
Preface.......................................................................................................................ix
Editors .......................................................................................................................xi
Contributors ...........................................................................................................xiii
Terminology and Abbreviations ............................................................................xvii
SECTION I Introduction to Prevention
and Protective Gloves
Chapter 1 Prevention of Contact Dermatitis .........................................................3
S. H. Dou and H. I. Maibach
Chapter 2 Occupational Hygiene Assessments for the Use of
Protective Gloves ..................................................................................7
W. Xu
Chapter 3 Gloves: Types, Materials, and Manufacturing ...................................17
Marie-Noëlle Crépy and Pierre Hoerner
Chapter 4 Extraction and Chemistry of Rubber Allergens .................................45
Paul D. Siegel
SECTION II Regulations and Standards
Chapter 5 European Standards on Protective Gloves .........................................63
K.F. Mose, R. Bach, and M-N. Crépy
Chapter 6 US Rules, Regulations, and Standards for Protective Gloves
for Occupational Use ..........................................................................71
N.W. Henry and R.N. Phalen
v
vi Contents
Chapter 7 Japanese Regulations and Standards for Medical and
Dental Grade Gloves ..........................................................................79
K. Matsunaga T. Ohhara, A. Takeuchi, R. Nakaoka,
and Y. Haishima
Chapter 8 Australian Standards for Protective Gloves .....................................107
D.L. McGeachie and R.L. Nixon
Chapter 9 Regulations and Standards for Protective Gloves for
Occupational Use in Croatia ............................................................113
M. Bubaš and S. Ljubojevic Hadzavdic
Chapter 10 Testing of Protective Effect against Liquid Chemicals ....................121
R.N. Phalen
Chapter 11 Standard Quality Control Testing, Virus Penetration,
and Glove Durability ........................................................................141
R.N. Phalen and Y.K. Hamidi
Chapter 12 In Vivo Testing of the Protective Effect of Gloves ...........................171
N. Hamnerius, C. Svedman, M. Bruze, and O. Bergendorff
SECTION III Glove Sensitivity and Effects on Skin
Chapter 13 Irritation and Contact Dermatitis from Protective Gloves:
An Overview ....................................................................................185
S. Levitt and H.I. Maibach
Chapter 14 Allergic Contact Dermatitis from Rubber and Plastic Gloves .........193
S. Levitt and H.I. Maibach
Chapter 15 Clinical Testing of Occupational Glove Sensitivity .........................215
K.F. Mose and R. Bach
Chapter 16 Management of Natural Rubber Glove Sensitivity ..........................227
A.M. Giménez-Arnau and A. Salman
Contents vii
Chapter 17 Allergic Responses to Powdered Natural Rubber Latex
Gloves in Healthcare Workers ..........................................................247
A.M. Giménez-Arnau and A. Salman
Chapter 18 Other Reactions from Gloves ...........................................................261
T. Bullock, A. Sood, and J.S. Taylor
Chapter 19 Occlusion vs. Contact Dermatitis .....................................................285
T. Tran and H. I. Maibach
SECTION IV Protection against Chemical
and Microbial Agents
Chapter 20 Gloves and Dermal Exposure to Chemicals ....................................303
K.S. Galea and J.W. Cherrie
Chapter 21 Percutaneous Absorption of Chemicals from Fabric (Textile) .........339
J. L. Bormann, A. S. F. Acipayam, and H. I. Maibach
Chapter 22 Practical Considerations When Selecting and Using Gloves
for Chemical Protection ...................................................................355
C.L. Packham and H.E. Taylor
Chapter 23 Glove Selection for Work with Acrylates Including
Those Cured by Ultraviolet, Visible Light, or Electron Beam .........377
R.N. Phalen and D.M. Ceballos
Chapter 24 Chemical Permeation through Disposable Gloves ...........................397
D.M. Ceballos and R.N. Phalen
Chapter 25 The Selection and Use of Gloves against Pesticides ........................421
J.B. Nielsen and R.N. Phalen
Chapter 26 Gloves as Protection against Microbial Contamination ...................439
R.N. Phalen
viii Contents
SECTION V Special Topics
Chapter 27 Hydro-Alcoholic Gels and Glove Use ..............................................451
J.-M. Lachapelle
Chapter 28 Clinical Relevance of Masks in the Operating Room ......................459
H.N. Mechels and H.I. Maibach
Chapter 29 Are Masks Effective as Source Control in Index Influenza
Patients? A Review ...........................................................................463
H.N. Mechels and H.I. Maibach
Chapter 30 Extended Use and Disinfection of N95 Respirators and
Exam Gloves During a Pandemic ....................................................469
R.N. Phalen, J-M. Lachapelle, and Y.K. Hamidi
Index ......................................................................................................................479
Preface
Twenty-eight years after the first edition of Protective Gloves for Occupational Use,
the topic is still an important and widely discussed area of personal protective equip-
ment. The second edition provided considerable updates on the research and devel-
opment, providing state-of-the-art information on glove materials, the manufacture
of gloves, how to perform testing of gloves, and glove performance according to
standardized technical methods. This third edition provides critical updates on the
changes in glove manufacturing, the evolving chemistry of rubber contact allergens
in gloves, as well as changes in regulations and standardized tests used to evaluate
glove performance and aid in their selection. Updates on glove sensitivity and effects
on the skin are also provided.
Dermatitis that results from exposure to chemicals, wet work, and even protective
gloves themselves remains as common as ever before. Exposure to chemicals occurs
in occupational, domestic, and leisure situations. Protective gloves help prevent new
cases of dermatitis and enable patients with already established dermatitis to con-
tinue to work and enjoy a high-quality life. Information on this subject provides a
solid basis for the correct choice of glove materials and offers essential details that
help produce guidelines for the occupational use of protective gloves.
This book focuses on protection from chemical and biological agents and adverse
reactions caused by protective gloves. Since the second edition was published, rub-
ber chemical additives from both natural and synthetic rubber gloves can be quite
complex and rubber accelerator contact allergy remains a problem. The COVID-19
pandemic has also created unique issues concerning glove availability, use, extended
use, and disinfection in healthcare.
This third edition draws from and builds on the material of the second edition,
with the addition of eight new chapters. Chapter 1 provides an overview of con-
tact dermatitis. Chapters 2 and 22 summarize basic guidelines for when and how to
choose protective gloves for occupational use. Chapters 3 and 10 through 12 provide
comprehensive information about glove materials, permeation testing, penetration
testing, and durability. Chapters 6 through 9 document the current US, European,
Japanese, and Australian standards for gloves. Chapters 13 through 19 describe the
adverse effects of protective gloves. Chapters 20 and 21 describe dermal exposures
to chemicals through gloves and fabrics (e.g., textiles). Chapters 22 through 26 detail
selection instructions that will make it easier for workers in specific areas to choose
protective gloves for chemical and biological agents. Chapter 23 provides an exten-
sive review of the associated dermatological problems and selection of gloves for
work with acrylates. Chapter 27 provides an important update on alcoholic gels and
glove use, especially as it pertains to the COVID-19 pandemic. Chapters 28 and 29
provide a further review of the effectiveness of masks for source control, which has
become an additional consideration during the COVID-19 pandemic. Chapter 30
provides new information on the extended use and disinfection of N95 respirators
and exam gloves during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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