Preventive Nutrition: The Comprehensive Guide for Health Professionals (Nutrition and Health) - 3rd edition

985 Pages·2005·5.64 MB·English

by  Adrianne Bendich

N U T R I T I O N & H E A L T H
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REVENTIVE UTRITION
T E
HIRD DITION
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N H
UTRITION ◊ AND ◊ EALTH
Adrianne Bendich, Series Editor
Calcium in Human Health, edited by Connie M. Weaver and Robert P. Heaney, 2005
Preventive Nutrition: The Comprehensive Guide for Health Professionals, Third
Edition, edited by Adrianne Bendich and Richard J. Deckelbaum, 2005
Nutrients, Stress, and Medical Disorders, edited by Shlomo Yehuda and David I.
Mostofsky, 2005
The Management of Eating Disorders and Obesity, Second Edition, edited by David J.
Goldstein, 2005
Nutrition and Oral Medicine, edited by Riva Touger-Decker, David A. Sirois, and
Connie C. Mobley, 2005
IGF and Nutrition in Health and Disease, edited by M. Sue Houston, Jeffrey M. P.
Holly, and Eva L. Feldman, 2005
Epilepsy and the Ketogenic Diet, edited by Carl E. Stafstrom and Jong M. Rho, 2004
Handbook of Drug–Nutrient Interactions, edited by Joseph I. Boullata and Vincent T.
Armenti, 2004
Nutrition and Bone Health, edited by Michael F. Holick and Bess Dawson-Hughes,
2004
Diet and Human Immune Function, edited by David A. Hughes, L. Gail Darlington,
and Adrianne Bendich, 2004
Beverages in Nutrition and Health, edited by Ted Wilson and Norman J. Temple, 2004
Handbook of Clinical Nutrition and Aging, edited by Connie Watkins Bales and
Christine Seel Ritchie, 2004
Fatty Acids: Physiological and Behavioral Functions, edited by David I. Mostofsky,
Shlomo Yehuda, and Norman Salem, Jr., 2001
Nutrition and Health in Developing Countries, edited by Richard D. Semba and
Martin W. Bloem, 2001
Preventive Nutrition: The Comprehensive Guide for Health Professionals, Second
Edition, edited by Adrianne Bendich and Richard J. Deckelbaum, 2001
Nutritional Health: Strategies for Disease Prevention, edited by Ted Wilson
and Norman J. Temple, 2001
Clinical Nutrition of the Essential Trace Elements and Minerals: The Guide for
Health Professionals, edited by John D. Bogden and Leslie M. Klevey, 2000
Primary and Secondary Preventive Nutrition, edited by Adrianne Bendich
and Richard J. Deckelbaum, 2000
The Management of Eating Disorders and Obesity, edited by David J. Goldstein, 1999
Vitamin D: Physiology, Molecular Biology, and Clinical Applications, edited by
Michael F. Holick, 1999
Preventive Nutrition: The Comprehensive Guide for Health Professionals,
edited by Adrianne Bendich and Richard J. Deckelbaum, 1997
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P N
REVENTIVE UTRITION
T C G H P
HE OMPREHENSIVE UIDE FOR EALTH ROFESSIONALS
T E
HIRD DITION
Edited by
A B , ,
DRIANNE ENDICH PhD FACN
GlaxoSmithKline, Parsippany, NJ
and
R J. D , , ( )
ICHARD ECKELBAUM MD FRCP C
College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University,
New York, NY
Foreword by
A S , ,
LFRED OMMER MD MHS
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health,
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
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© 2005 Humana Press Inc.
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publisher.
Due diligence has been taken by the publishers, editors, and authors of this book to assure the accuracy of the information published
and to describe generally accepted practices. The contributors herein have carefully checked to ensure that the drug selections and
dosages set forth in this text are accurate and in accord with the standards accepted at the time of publication. Notwithstanding, as
new research, changes in government regulations, and knowledge from clinical experience relating to drug therapy and drug reactions
constantly occurs, the reader is advised to check the product information provided by the manufacturer of each drug for any change
in dosages or for additional warnings and contraindications. This is of utmost importance when the recommended drug herein is a
new or infrequently used drug. It is the responsibility of the treating physician to determine dosages and treatment strategies for
individual patients. Further it is the responsibility of the health care provider to ascertain the Food and Drug Administration status
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Printed in the United States of America. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Preventive nutrition : the comprehensive guide for health professionals /
edited by Adrianne Bendich and Richard J. Deckelbaum ; foreword by Alfred
Sommer.-- 3rd ed.
p. ; cm. -- (Nutrition and health)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 1-58829-445-5 (alk. paper)
1. Nutrition. 2. Medicine, Preventive. 3. Nutritionally induced diseases--Prevention.
4. Diet therapy.
[DNLM: 1. Nutrition. 2. Diet. 3. Nutrition Therapy. 4. Nutritional
Status. 5. Primary Prevention. QU 145 P944 2005] I. Bendich, Adrianne.
II. Deckelbaum, Richard J. III. Series: Nutrition and health (Totowa, N.J.)
RM216.P778 2005
615.8'54--dc22
2004021931
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Dedication
AB dedicates this volume to her husband, David Kafkewitz, PhD,
wth deepest gratitude for his unconditional support and understanding.
Richard J. Deckelbaum dedicates this volume to William and Katya,
and the rest of our family and friends.
v
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Series Editor’s Introduction
The Nutrition and Health Series of books has had great success because each volume
has the consistent overriding mission of providing health professionals with texts that are
essential since each includes (1) a synthesis of the state of the science; (2) timely, in-depth
reviews by the leading researchers in their respective fields; (3) extensive, up-to-date,
fully annotated reference lists; (4) a detailed index; (5) relevant tables and figures; (6)
identification of paradigm shifts and their consequences; (7) virtually no overlap of
information between chapters, but targeted, interchapter referrals; (8) suggestions of
areas for future research; and (9) balanced, data-driven answers to patient as well as
health professionals’ questions that are based on the totality of evidence rather than the
findings of any single study.
The series volumes are not the outcome of a symposium. Rather, each editor has the
potential to examine a chosen area with a broad perspective, both in subject matter as well
as in the choice of chapter authors. The editors, whose trainings are both research- and
practice-oriented, have the opportunity to develop a primary objective for each book,
define its scope and focus, and then invite the leading authorities to be part of their
initiative. The authors are encouraged to provide an overview of the field, discuss their
own research and relate the research findings to potential human health consequences.
Because each book is developed de novo, the chapters are coordinated so that the resulting
volume imparts greater knowledge than the sum of the information contained in the
individual chapters. Many of the books in the series come with a complementary copy of
the book on a CD; recently published books are available as e-books and individual
chapters of the e-books are also now available from Humana Press’ website,
Humanapress.com
Preventive Nutrition: The Comprehensive Guide to Health Professionals, Third
Edition, edited by me and Richard Deckelbaum remains the flagship volume of the series
and continues to improve with each edition. The first edition, published in 1997, was
widely acclaimed for its emphasis on data-driven recommendations based on the totality
of the evidence that included the newest scientific discoveries and clinical applications
in the key areas of preventive nutrition: cancer, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis,
age-related eye diseases, immune function, birth outcomes, and an international perspective
on preventive nutrition strategies. The second edition, published in 2001, provided critical
updates and also included new information on nutrition-related disease prevention strategies.
In the same year, Richard and I also published a volume, Primary and Secondary
Preventive Nutrition, that reviewed several other clinical areas including obesity and
diabetes. In response to our readers and reviewers, we have combined the most relevant
and timely chapters from these two volumes into the third edition of Preventive Nutrition.
Preventive Nutrition, Third Edition, which is now more than 900 pages of text,
contains 37 chapters that help to define the areas where health professionals can improve
health and reduce the risk of disease with dietary modifications. We have enhanced the
vii
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viii Series Editor’s Introduction
contents of the first two editions even further with the addition of 16 new chapters as well
as comprehensive updates of all of the chapters that are included in this edition. Chapter
authors are the most authoritative leaders in their various fields of expertise. The volume
contains cutting-edge chapters from 79 authors who provide a truly global perspective to
preventive nutrition opportunities. In addition, Dr. Alfred Sommer, whose international
research has been honored with the prestigious Lasker Award, has provided a thoughtful
Foreword for our book. Thus, Richard and I have worked diligently to develop a third
edition that is destined to be the benchmark in the field because of its extensive, in-depth
chapters covering the most important aspects of preventive nutrition with emphasis on
normal human physiology and nutritional needs, analyses of epidemiological findings,
in-depth and balanced discussions of clinical findings including the role of nutrients in
disease treatment as well as primary and secondary disease prevention.
The book chapters are logically organized in nine sections to provide the reader with
a basic understanding of the role of preventive nutrition strategies: I. Preventive Nutrition
Overview, II. Cancer Prevention, III. Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, IV. Diabetes
and Obesity, V. Bone Diseases, VI. Prevention of Major Disabilities: Improvement in
Health Outcomes, VII. Optimal Pregnancy/Infancy Outcomes, VIII. Preventive Nutri-
tion: Global Perspectives, and finally, IX. Critical Issues for the 21st Century. This
logical sequence of chapters provides the latest information on the current standards of
practice for clinicians, related health professionals including the dietitian, nurse, pharma-
cist, physical therapist, behaviorist, psychologist, and others involved in the team effort
required for successful treatments. This comprehensive volume also has great value for
academicians involved in the education of graduate students and postdoctoral fellows,
medical students and allied health professionals who plan to interact with patients on
questions concerning the science behind the latest “study” presented on the evening news
because the chapters present a synthesis of the totality of the evidence, not a conclusion
based on a single study.
In-depth, balanced reviews of the current science behind questions related to topics
such as soy; vitamin supplements; fat substitutes; DHA; trans-fatty acids; carotenoids,
such as lycopene and lutein; and numerous other dietary components, provide health care
professionals and students with excellent, well-referenced answers. Medically related
professionals will certainly find the chapters dealing with obesity across the age span, and
including the genetic components of related diseases, of particular importance to their
practice. Additional chapters provide in-depth reviews of the functions of vitamins and
minerals and other dietary factors in the endocrine, cardiovascular, respiratory,
gastrointestinal, immune, skeletal, and ocular systems of the body. Obesity is a critical
concern for virtually every health professional. The third edition has an expanded section
on obesity and diabetes that includes important aspects of childhood obesity. There is a
clear, data-driven message throughout the obesity section of the volume that obesity is
a chronic disease. The volume is of particular importance because it includes understand-
able chapters in highly technical areas written by the leading authorities who are actually
working in the areas of research discussed in their chapters.
Of added value to health care professionals who are interested in public health is the
exceptional introductory chapter that places preventive nutrition in its historic perspec-
tive and goes on to project the enormous potential for preventive strategies to reduce
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Series Editor’s Introduction ix
human suffering. This chapter is balanced with the final book chapter that provides a
practical approach to determining the economic value of adopting a number of the pre-
ventive nutrition strategies discussed throughout the volume. An often-overlooked
dietary component, alcohol, is critically examined in a separate chapter, as it can well be
a double-edged sword and can impact diseases and conditions that would otherwise be
beneficially affected by implementing preventive nutrition strategies. Other unique chap-
ters examine the national differences in the consumer messages that are permitted for
dietary factors and the current status of nutrition education in medical schools. Of great
importance, the authors have provided chapters that balance the most technical informa-
tion with discussions of its importance for clients and patients as well as graduate and
medical students, health professionals, and academicians.
The third edition of Preventive Nutrition continues to serve as a major resource on
international nutrition because the volume includes important chapters about implemen-
tation strategies from leading experts about national interventions in Europe, Asia, and
Africa. Prior editions were so well accepted by those interested in the impact of nutrition
on world health, in part because of this unique section on global perspectives. In the
current edition, this section examines the successes and consequent public health impli-
cations of national preventive nutrition strategies, not only in the United States and
Europe, but also in “Westernizing” nations and developing countries. Updates from
Norway and Chile that were first provided in the 1997 edition are now included in the
third edition. Also updated is the chapter that examines the potential health benefits to the
United States with adoption of preventive nutrition strategies. There are two insightful
chapters on the growing presence of obesity in Latin America and Japan and how the
Westernization of eating habits has negatively impacted the health of these nations.
Hallmarks of all chapters include bulleted key points at the beginning of each chapter
as well as a detailed table of contents; complete definitions of terms with the abbrevia-
tions fully defined for the reader, and consistent use of terms between chapters. There are
numerous relevant tables, graphs, and figures as well as up-to-date references; all chap-
ters include a conclusion section that provides the highlights of major findings. Each
chapter ends with a recommendations section that helps to guide the reader to data-
driven, balanced advice for their students, clients, and/or patients. The volume contains
a highly annotated index and within chapters, readers are referred to relevant information
in other chapters.
In conclusion, Preventive Nutrition: The Comprehensive Guide for Health Professionals,
Third Edition provides health professionals in many areas of research and practice with
the most up-to-date, well-referenced and easy-to-comprehend volume on the importance
of understanding the current strategies for enhancing health and preventing disease
through the implementation of well-accepted and highly recommended preventive nutri-
tion options. This volume will serve the reader as the benchmark in the nutrition field, as
it stands as the most authoritative resource to date on prevention, and is a very welcome
addition to the Nutrition and Health Series.
Adrianne Bendich, PhD, FACN
Series Editor
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