Table Of ContentActa Arachnologica, 67(1): 19–21, August 31, 2018
Phrurolithus splendidus Song & Zheng 1992
(Araneae: Phrurolithidae), new to Japanese fauna
Tatsumi Suguro1*, Yuki G. Baba2 & Takeo Yamauchi3
1 Keio Yochisha Elementary School, 1–35–2 Ebisu, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150–0013 Japan
E-mail: [email protected]
2 Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, 3–1–3 Kannondai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305–8604 Japan
3 Institute of Natural and Environmental Science, University of Hyogo / Museum of Nature and Human Activities, Hyogo, Yayoigaoka 6,
Sanda-shi, Hyogo, 669–1546 Japan
*Corresponding author
Abstract ― A phrurolithid spider species, Phrurolithus splendidus Song & Zheng 1992, is newly recorded
from Japan. This species resembles P. pennatus, but can be distinguished from the latter by male tibial apoph-
ysis with thin finger-shaped apex, and spermathecae located behind openings.
Key words ― Taxonomy, Yakushima Island, Ryukyu Islands
Phrurolithus splendidus Song & Zheng 1992
Introduction
[Japanese name: Tairiku-yabane-urashimagumo]
Phrurolithus C. L. Koch 1839 is the type genus of the (Figs. 1–6)
family Phrurolithidae, distributed North and Central Amer-
ica and Eurasia, in which seven species are known from Phrurolithus pennatus: Tu & Zhu 1986, p. 93, figs. 24–28, ♂♀; Chen
Japan up to now (World Spider Catalog 2017). Recently, we & Zhang 1991, p. 256, figs. 269, 1–5, ♂♀. [nec Yaginuma 1967,
misidentification]
recognized the occurrence of P. splendidus Song & Zheng
Phrurolithus splendidus Song & Zheng 1992, p. 103, figs. 1–9, ♂♀
1992, which has been known from only China, from Japan
[female holotype from China, not examined]; Song et al. 1999, p.
after examining spider specimens collected in the compre- 412, figs. 240C–D, 241 C–D, ♂♀; Zhu & Zhang 2011, p. 377, figs.
hensive faunal surveys on Yakushima Island, Kagoshima 271A–G, ♂♀.
Prefecture conducted during 2006 and 2008 (Yamauchi &
Hisamatsu 2013; Yamauchi 2014; Osawa et al. 2017). Here, Specimens examined. All specimens were collected in
we report the first record of this species from Japan, and Yakushima Is., Kagoshima Pref., by T. Yamauchi et al. The
present morphological characteristics of male and female numbers in square brackets correspond to the occurrence ID
specimens. of the specimen list in Osawa et al. (2017). Most individuals
All specimens used in this paper were collected by Mal- were obtained by Malaise traps, but only the adult female
aise trap and collision trap, and detailed sampling method is [313] was obtained by a collision trap. 1♂1♀, Aikodake Mt.,
described in Osawa et al. (2017). One male and one female 170m alt., 28-VI-2007–29-VII-2007 (1♂) [1699], 29-VII-
of voucher specimens are deposited in the collection of the 2007–25-VIII-2007 (1♀) [1281]. 1♂1♀, Kankakedake Mt.,
Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and 220m alt., 22-VII-2006–22-VIII-2006 (1♀, deposited in
Science, Tokyo (NSMT). NSMT) [1216], 8-VI-2007–28-VI-2007 (1♂, deposited in
The following abbreviations are used: ALE, anterior lat- NSMT) [2000]. 4♂2♀, Hanyama, 250m alt., 28-VI-2007–
eral eye; AME, anterior median eye; MOA, median ocular 30-VII-2007 (2♂1♀) [1742, 1741], 8-VI-2007–28-VI-2007
area; PLE, posterior lateral eye; PME, posterior median eye; (2♂) [1991, 2034], 19-VII-2006–22-VII-2006 (1♀) [313].
RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis. Diagnosis. This species resembles P. pennatus Yaginu-
Measurements are given in mm. Measurements of legs ma 1967, but can be distinguished from the latter by the
are given in the following format: [femur + patella + tibia + following points: tibial apophysis of male palp with thin
metatarsus + tarsus = total]. finger-shaped apex (Fig. 4), whereas gradually tapered in P.
pennatus; spermathecae located behind openings (Fig. 6),
whereas located beside openings.
Description. Based on 1♂ / 1♀. Body 3.55 / 4.78 long;
20 T. Suguro, Y. G. Baba & T. Yamauchi
Figs. 1‒2. Phrurolithus splendidus Song & Zheng 1992. 1, male habitus; 2, female habitus. Scales = 1.0 mm.
Table 1. Spination of legs of Phrurolithus splendidus Song & Zheng 1992 (dorsal / ventral; n = no spine, p = prolateral).
Leg Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus
I ♂ 1-1p-1p-1p-1,1p/n n/n n/2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2 n/1-2-2-2-2
♀ 1-1p-1p-1p-1,1p/n n/n n/2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2 n/2-2-2-2-2
II ♂ 1/n n/n n/2-2-2-2-2-2-2 n/1-2-2-2-1
♀ 1/n n/n n/2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2 n/1-2-2-2-1
III ♂ 1/n n/n n/n n/n
♀ 1/n n/n n/n n/n
IV ♂ 1/n n/n n/n n/n
♀ 1/n n/n n/n n/n
carapace 1.55 / 1.85 long; 1.28 / 1.53 wide; abdomen 2.00 0.95–1.05 / 1.73–2.23 wide.
/ 2.93 long; 1.05 / 1.90 wide. Eye sizes: AME 0.08 / 0.12; Chelicera with two spines on anterior side, bearing three
ALE 0.08 / 0.12; PME 0.08 / 0.11; PLE 0.08 / 0.10. Dis- promarginal and two retromarginal teeth. Abdomen with
tance between eyes: AME-AME 0.05 / 0.03; AME-ALE 0.02 dorsal scutum covering almost whole abdomen in male (Fig.
/ 0.02; PME-PME 0.07 / 0.07; PME-PLE 0.05 / 0.04; ALE- 1), covering about quarter in female (Fig. 2). Spination of
PLE 0.05 / 0.05. MOE 0.25 / 0.32 long, front width 0.22 / legs as shown in Table 1. Male palp (Figs. 3–4): tegulum
0.27, behind width 0.23 / 0.28. Clypeus 0.12 / 0.12 high. rather slender, with small projection on embolar base; tibia
Length of legs: I 1.75 + 0.58 + 1.88 + 1.68 + 1.18 = 7.05 / retrolaterally with small ventral apophysis and large dorsal
1.98 + 0.65 + 2.28 + 1.88 + 1.33 = 8.10; II 1.45 + 0.53 + 1.40 apophysis having elongate apex. Female genitalia (Figs.
+ 1.30 + 0.98 = 5.65 / 1.73 + 0.60 + 1.70 + 1.45 + 1.18 = 5–6): epigyne with longitudinal openings; spermatheca
6.65; III 1.30 + 0.48 + 1.08 + 1.28 + 0.78 = 4.90 / 1.53 + 0.58 round and visible on epigynal surface.
+ 1.23 + 1.53 + 0.93 = 5.78; IV 2.10 + 0.60 + 1.80 + 2.05 + Coloration and markings (Figs. 1–2). Male and female.
1.08 = 7.63 / 2.43 + 0.70 + 2.08 + 2.50 + 1.30 = 9.00. Carapace mostly pale brown, covered with sparse pearly
Variation among specimens examined. Body 3.53–3.73 / lustrous scale-like hairs. Eye field with sparse black setae
4.78–5.18 long; carapace 1.55–1.65 / 1.85–1.93 long; 1.20– and white hairs. Dorsum of abdomen brown, covered with
1.35 / 1.53–1.60 wide; abdomen 1.98–2.08 / 2.88–3.25 long; sparse grey hairs, bearing pale brown and white haired part:
Acta Arachnologica, 67(1), August 2018 ⒸArachnological Society of Japan
Phrurolithus splendidus, new to Japanese fauna 21
Figs. 3–6. Phrurolithus splendidus Song & Zheng 1992. 3–4, left male palp (3, ventral view; 4, retrolateral view); 5,
epigyne, ventral view; 6, female internal genitalia, dorsal view. Scales = 0.2 mm.
three chevrons and apical spot. Spinnerets greyish brown. Specimen records of spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) by monthly cen-
Venter of abdomen greyish brown, covered with grey hairs. sus for 3 years in forest areas of Yakushima Island, Japan. Biodiver-
sity Data Journal, 5, e14789.
Legs mostly brown except yellowish white and white haired
Song, D. X. & Zheng, S. X. 1992. A new species of the family Li-
tibial distal end.
ocranidae (Araneae) of China. Sinozoologia, 9: 103–105.
Distribution. China, Japan (Yakushima Island). Song, D. X., Zhu, M. S. & Chen, J. 1999. The Spiders of China. Hebei
Remarks. Adult males were collected from early June Univ. Sci. Technol. Publ. House, Shijiazhuang, 640 pp.
to late July and adult females were collected from late June Tu, H. S. & Zhu, M. S. 1986. New records and one new species of
spiders from China. J. Hebei Normal Univ. (Nat. Sci. Ed.) 1986:
to late August, so this species is considered to mature in the
88–97.
summer. World Spider Catalog 2017. World Spider Catalog. Natural History
Museum Bern, online at http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch, version 18.5, ac-
Acknowledgements
cessed on 17 October 2017.
Yaginuma, T. 1967. Revision and new addition to fauna of Japanese
We thank Dr. Shin-ichiro Aiba (Kagoshima University), Dr. Ryo
spiders, with descriptions of seven new species. Lit. Dep. Rev., Ote-
Tsujino (Nara University of Education), and Dr. Takakazu Yumoto
mon Gakuin Univ., Osaka 1: 87–107.
(Kyoto University) for the setting traps, and we thank Mr. Kenji Te-
Yamauchi, T. 2014. Oedemerid beetles (Coleoptera: Oedemeridae)
zuka, Mrs. Tatsuko Tezuka, and Mr. Toshihiro Saito for collecting
collected with non-attractive traps from old-growth evergreen
samples from the traps. We wish to express our heartfelt thanks to
broadleaf forests and Cryptomeria japonica plantations in Yakushi-
Dr. Kensuke Yahata (Tsukuba University) for offering the chance to
ma Island, the Ryukyus, Japan. Pestology, 29:13–17. (In Japanese
use the microscope and Dr. Takahide Kamura for providing useful
with English summary)
information about this species. This study was partly supported by the
Yamauchi, T. & Hisamatsu, S. 2013. Nitidulid beetles (Coleoptera:
research project “Sustainability and biodiversity assessment on forest
Nitidulidae) collected from the old-growth evergreen broadleaf
utilization options” launched by the Research Institute for Humanity
forests and the Cryptomeria japonica plantations in Yakushima,
and Nature.
the Ryukyus, Japan. Sayabane (new series), 11:19–23. (In Japanese
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Acta Arachnologica, 67(1), August 2018 ⒸArachnological Society of Japan
