Philosophy and Democracy: An Anthology

370 Pages·2003·21.26 MB·English

by  Thomas Christiano

PHILOSOPHY AND DEMOCRACY
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PHILOSOPHY AND DEMOCRACY
An Anthology
Edited by
Thomas Christiano

OXFORD
UNIVERSITY PRESS
2003
t
UNIVERSITY PRESS
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Philosophy and democracy : an anthology / edited by Thomas Christiano.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-19-513659-4; 0-19-513660-8 (pbk.)
i. Democracy—Philosophy. I. Christiano, Thomas.
JC423 .P437 2002
321.8—dc2i 2002025756

1 3 5 7 9 8 6 42
Printed in the United States of America
on acid-free paper
CREDITS
Chapter i: Joshua Cohen, "Procedure and Substance in Deliberative Democracy,"
from Democracy and Difference: Contesting the Boundaries of the Political, edited by
Seyla Benhabib, pp. 95-119. Copyright © 1996 by Princeton University Press.
Chapter 2: Thomas Christiano, The Rule of the Many. Copyright © 1996 by West-
view Press, Member of Perseus Books Group. Reprinted by permission of West-
view Press, a member of Perseus Books, L.L.C.
Chapter 3: David Estlund, "Beyond Fairness and Deliberation," from Deliberative
Democracy: Essays on Reason and Politics, edited by James Bohman and William
Rehg. Copyright © 1998 MIT Press.
Chapter 4: Richard Arneson, "Democratic Rights at National and Workplace Lev-
els," from The Idea of Democracy, edited by David Copp, Jean Hampton, and John
Roemer, pp. 118-138, 143-147. Copyright © 1993 Cambridge University Press.

Chapter 5: Ronald Dworkin, "What Is Equality? Part 4: Political Equality." Uni-
versity of San Francisco Law Review 22 (1987). Copyright © 1987 by Ronald Dwor-
kin.
Chapter 6: Jon Elster, "The Market and the Forum: Three Varieties of Political
Theory," from Foundations of Social Choice Theory, edited by Jon Elster and Aanund
Hyllund, pp. 103-132. Copyright © 1986 Cambridge University Press.
Chapter 7: William H. Riker, Liberalism Against Populism: A Confrontation Between
the Theory of Democracy and the Theory of Social Choice, pp. 115-136, 238-246, 273-
278. Copyright © 1982 by William H. Riker.
Chapter 8: James Buchanan and Gordon Tullock, The Calculus of Consent, pp. 43-
49, 63-84. Copyright © 1962 by The University of Michigan Press.
v
vi Credits
Chapter 9: Jules Coleman, "Rationality and the Justification of Democracy," from
Politics and Process: New Essays in Democratic Thought, edited by Geoffrey Brennan
and Loren E. Lomasky, pp. 194-220. Copyright © 1989 Cambridge University
Press.
Chapter 10: Ronald Dworkin, Freedom's Law: The Moral Reading of the American
Constitution, pp. 15-35, 350-51. Copyright © 1996 by Ronald Dworkin.
Chapter 11: Michael Walzer, "Philosophy and Democracy." Political Theory 9.3
(1981): 379-399. Copyright © 1981 by Sage Publications, Inc.
Chapter 12: Charles Lindblom, "The Market as Prison." Journal of Politics 44 (1982):
324-336. Copyright © 1982 by the Southern Political Science Association.
Chapter ly. Iris Marion Young, "Polity and Group Difference: A Critique of the
Ideal of Universal Citizenship." Ethics 99.2 (1989): 250-274. Copyright © 1989
by The University of Chicago Press.
Chapter 14: Anne Phillips, "Democracy and Difference: Some Problems for Fem-
inist Theory." Political Quarterly 63 (1992): 79-90. Copyright © 1992 by The
Political Quarterly Publishing Co. Ltd.
Chapter 15: Brian Barry, "Is Democracy Special?" from Philosophy Politics and So-
ciety, edited by P. Laslett and J. Fishkin, pp. 155-196. Copyright © Blackwell
Publishers, Ltd.
CONTENTS
Contributors ix
Introduction 3
PART I. ARGUMENTS FOR THE INTRINSIC
WORTH OF DEMOCRACY
1. Procedure and Substance in Deliberative Democracy 17
Joshua Cohen
2. An Argument for Democratic Equality 39
Thomas Christiano
3. Beyond Fairness and Deliberation: The Epistemic Dimension of
Democratic Authority 69
David Estlund
PART II. ARGUMENTS FOR THE MERELY
INSTRUMENTAL WORTH OF DEMOCRACY
4. Democratic Rights at the National Level 95
Richard Arneson
5. What Is Equality? Part 4: Political Equality 116
Ronald Dworkin
6. The Market and the Forum: Three Varieties
of Political Theory 138
Jon Elster
viii Contents
PART III. ECONOMIC CONCEPTIONS
OF DEMOCRACY
7. Social Choice Theory and Constitutional Democracy 161
William Riker
8. The Calculus of Consent 195
James Buchanan and Gordon Tullock
9. Rationality and the Justification of Democracy 216
Jules Coleman
PART IV. CONSTITUTIONALISM
10. The Majoritarian Premise and Constitutionalism 241
Ronald Dworkin
11. Philosophy and Democracy 258
Michael Walzer
12. The Market as Prison 275
Charles Lindblom
PART V. MINORITIES
13. Polity and Group Difference: A Critique of the Ideal
of Universal Citizenship 287
Iris Marion Young
14. Democracy and Difference: Some Problems
for Feminist Theory 310

Anne Phillips
15. Is Democracy Special? 321
Brian Barry
Select Bibliography 351
Index 355
CONTRIBUTORS
Richard Arneson is Professor of Philosophy at the University of California at
San Diego. He has been an associate editor of Ethics and has written numerous
important articles on distributive justice.
Brian Barry is Arnold A. Saltzman Professor of Political Science and Philosophy
at Columbia University and Professor Emeritus of Political Science at the London
School of Economics. He is the author of a number of books, including Political
Argument (1965), Sociologists, Economists and Democracy (1970), Theories of Justice
(1988), Justice as Impartiality (1992), and Culture and Equality (2001).
James Buchanan is Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Economics at George
Mason University. He is the author of The Calculus of Consent, with Gordon
Tullock (1962), The Limits of Liberty (1975), The Reason of Rules, with Geoffrey
Brennan (1986), and many other books on political economy. He won the Nobel
Prize for Economics in 1996.

Thomas Christiano is Associate Professor of Philosophy and Law at the Uni-
versity of Arizona. He is the author of The Rule of the Many (1996) and a number
of articles in democratic theory and political philosophy. He is an associate editor
of Politics, Philosophy and Economics.
Joshua Cohen is Professor of Philosophy and Political Science at the Massachu-
setts Institute of Technology. He is the author of On Democracy, with Joel Rogers
(1985). He is the author of a number of groundbreaking articles on deliberative
democracy, including "Deliberation and Democratic Legitimacy," in The Good
Polity (1989), edited by Philip Pettit and Alan Hamlin. He is an associate editor
of Philosophy and Public Affairs and editor of the Boston Review.
Jules Coleman is Wesley Newcomb Hohfeld Professor of Jurisprudence and
Professor of Philosophy at Yale University. He is the author of Markets, Morals
IX