Table Of ContentRECRYSTALLIZATION
Edited by Krzysztof Sztwiertnia
Recrystallization
Edited by Krzysztof Sztwiertnia
Published by InTech
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Copyright © 2012 InTech
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First published February, 2012
Printed in Croatia
A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com
Additional hard copies can be obtained from [email protected]
Recrystallization, Edited by Krzysztof Sztwiertnia
p. cm.
978-953-51-0122-2
Contents
Preface IX
Part 1 Recrystallization of Metallic Materials 1
Chapter 1 Development of Texture and Substructure Inhomogeneity
by Recrystallization of Rolled Zr-Based Alloys 3
Yuriy Perlovich and Margarita Isaenkova
Chapter 2 Recrystallization of
Dispersion-Strengthened Copper Alloys 23
Su-Hyeon Kim and Dong Nyung Lee
Chapter 3 Application of Orientation Mapping in
TEM and SEM for Study of Microstructural
Evolution During Annealing – Example:
Aluminum Alloy with Bimodal Particle Distribution 43
K. Sztwiertnia, M. Bieda and
A. Kornewa
Chapter 4 Crystal Growth:
Substructure and Recrystallization 59
Vadim Glebovsky
Chapter 5 Recrystallization Behavior
During Warm Compression of Martensite Steels 87
Pingguang Xu and
Yo Tomota
Chapter 6 The Deformability and Microstructural
Aspects of Recrystallization Process in
Hot-Deformed Fe-Ni Superalloy 109
Kazimierz J. Ducki
Chapter 7 Physical Metallurgy and Drawability of
Extra Deep Drawing and Interstitial Free Steels 137
Kumkum Banerjee
VI Contents
Chapter 8 The Failure Mechanism of Recrystallization –
Assisted Cracking of Solder Interconnections 179
Toni T. Mattila and Jorma K. Kivilahti
Chapter 9 Mathematical Modeling of Single Peak Dynamic
Recrystallization Flow Stress Curves in Metallic Alloys 207
R. Ebrahimi and E. Shafiei
Chapter 10 Phase Transformations and Recrystallization Processes
During Synthesis, Processing and Service of TiAl Alloys 225
Fritz Appel
Chapter 11 The Effect of Strain Path on the Microstructure and
Mechanical Properties in Cu Processed by COT Method 267
Kinga Rodak
Part 2 Recrystallization of Minerals 301
Chapter 12 Zircon Recrystallization History
as a Function of the U-Content and
Its Geochronologic Implications: Empirical Facts on
Zircons from Romanian Carpathians and Dobrogea 303
Ioan Coriolan Balintoni and Constantin Balica
Chapter 13 Recrystallization of Fe O During
2 3
the Induration of Iron Ore Oxidation Pellets 329
Guanghui Li, Tao Jiang,
Yuanbo Zhang and Zhaokun Tang
Chapter 14 Ion-Beam-Induced Epitaxial
Recrystallization Method and Its Recent Applications 351
Rossano Lang, Alan de Menezes,
Adenilson dos Santos, Shay Reboh,
Eliermes Meneses, Livio Amaral and Lisandro Cardoso
Chapter 15 Steady-State Grain Size in
Dynamic Recrystallization of Minerals 371
Ichiko Shimizu
Chapter 16 Recrystallization:
A Stage of Rock Formation and Development 387
R.L. Brodskaya and Yu B. Marin
Part 3 Recrystallization in Pharmacology 401
Chapter 17 Recrystallization of
Enantiomers from Conglomerates 403
Valérie Dupray
Contents VII
Chapter 18 Recrystallization of Drugs:
Significance on Pharmaceutical Processing 425
Yousef Javadzadeh, Sanaz Hamedeyazdan and
Solmaz Asnaashari
Chapter 19 Crystal Forms of Anti-HIV Drugs:
Role of Recrystallization 447
Renu Chadha, Poonam Arora,
Anupam Saini and Swati Bhandari
Preface
Recrystallization and related phenomena that occur during thermomechanical
processing of all types of crystalline materials are areas of intensive research.
However, particular subject matters of research differ depending on scientific
discipline.
In geology, recrystallization is a process that occurs during natural deformation of
rocks and minerals subjected to high temperature and pressure. Grains, atoms or
molecules can be packed closer together. Under the influence of these metamorphic
processes, new mineral grains can be created in crystalline form. Analysis of the
consequences of these processes is often used for quantification in geochronology.
In chemistry and other closely related fields such aspharmacology, recrystallization is
often applied as a procedure for purifying compounds.
In metallic materials, recrystallization and related annealing phenomena have been
long ago recognized as technologically important and scientifically interesting.
Perhaps for this reason, they have been studied most widely. Metallurgical research in
this field is mainly driven by requirements of industry.
Significant progress has been made ,expressed in hundreds of publications, reviews
and monographs. However there are still considerable gaps in understanding of the
recrystallization processes. Lack of a complete explanation can be attributed to high
complexities of the phenomenon, which consists of a superposition of the processes of
local nucleation and grain growth. These processes depend strongly on the
characteristics of the matrix, that is usually complex and heterogeneously deformed.
Quantitative characterization of the deformed state and description of grain boundary
properties constitute the areas of fundamental importance for the understanding of
recrystallization.
Comprehension of the nature of the deformed state as the precursor of
recrystallization and the nature of local instabilities in the heterogeneous matrix can be
achieved by the techniques of Orientation Imaging Microscopy (OIM), both in
scanning and transmission electron microscopes (SEM and TEM). However, the
standard techniques of Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) in SEM - although very
X Preface
useful for testing of advanced recrystallization stages ,proved to be less useful when a
high spatial resolution in orientation measurement is required. In order to obtain a
better spatial and angular resolution, similar techniques developed for the TEM can be
used. The TEM offers spatial resolution an order of magnitude better than these in
SEM and it can be used for quantitative nanoscale analysis of the microstructure at the
beginning of the process. It is also essential to note the importance of dynamic studies
in the SEM and in the TEM that should be capable of providing information about
temporal relationships between changes occurring in a material throughout the course
of recrystallization. For the above reasons, we have included in one of the chapters an
example of an application of OIM/TEM to analyze early recrystallization stages.
The entire book should be seen as a snapshot of the subject at this particular moment
in time, as seen by scientists, who work on recrystallization-related issues from wide
ranging perspective of scientific disciplines, from geology to metallurgy. The authors
wish to emphasize that the progress in the particular field of materials science has
been possible today thanks to coordinated action of many research groups that work
in materials science, chemistry, physics, geology and other sciences. Thus, it is possible
to perform a comprehensive analysis of the scientific problem.The analysis starts from
the selection of appropriate techniques and methods of characterization. It is then
combined with the development of new tools in diagnostics, and it ends with
modeling of phenomena.
The book shows selected results obtained during the last years. Its main topics are
recrystallization of metallic materials, recrystallization of minerals and
recrystallization in pharmacology.They are grouped in the appropriate sections. Each
section is illustrated with problems or applications of the process. For example,
chapter 1 in section 1 is focused on recrystallization of Zr-based alloys, and second
chapter in section 3 on recrystallization of drugs.
Prof. Krzysztof Sztwiertnia
Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow,
Poland
