Panskoye I: Archaeological Investigations in Western Crimea (ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS IN NORTHWESTERN CRIMEA)

567 Pages·2001·48.75 MB·English

by  Lise Hannestad

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p a n s k o y e i
i v o l u m e 1 i
This is the first volume of the complete publication on Panskoye I, a p T H E M O N U M E N TA L
rural settlement in North-Western Crimea dating from the period ca 400-
a
270 B.C. Panskoye was founded by the city of Olbia, but half a century
n B U I L D I N G U 6
later its fortress was destroyed and the settlement subordinated to
another Greek city, Chersonesos. After the incorporation of Panskoye
s
into the chora of Chersonesos, a monumental building, known to the
k
excavators as U6, was erected at Panskoye. This building provides
o
invaluable archaeological information thanks to the unique combin-
ation of a very precise date with rich finds of sculpture, pottery, lamps,
y
terracottas, coins, metals, stone and glass objects, and inscriptions. This
e
comprehensive publication of the material from the Monumental

Building U6 offers an extraordinary insight into important issues in
i
ancient history and classical archaeology: A Greek city’s exploitation of

its territory and the interaction between Greek settlers and local tribes –
in this case the Scythians and the Taurians.
This volume is the first of three. Volume 2 will deal with the necropolis
of the settlement, and Volume 3 with the earliest fortress.
i
t
e
x
t
i t e x t i
i
a r c h a e o l o g i c a l i n v e s t i g a t i o n s i n w e s t e r n c r i m e a
A A R H U S U N I V E R S I T Y P R E S S A A R H U S U N I V E R S I T Y P R E S S
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PANSKOYE I
VOLUME 1
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ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS IN WESTERN CRIMEA
(cid:1)
Lise Hannestad Vladimir F. Stolba Alexander N. Š eglov
(Eds.)
PA N S K OY E I
V 1
OLUME
THE MONUMENTAL BUILDING U6
TEXT
AARHUS UNIVERSITY PRESS
2002
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Panskoye I, Volume 1, The Monumental Building U6, text
© The authors and Aarhus University Press 2002
Cover design: Kitte Fennestad
Cover illustration: Aphrodite protome from Panskoye I, building U7.
Terracotta. Height. 24.7 cm. Photo by Niels Hannestad
Printed in Denmark by Narayana Press, Gylling
ISBN: 87 7288 770 2
Aarhus University Press
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Published with financial support from the
Danish Research Council for the Humanities
and the Aarhus University Research Foundation
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CONTENTS
PREFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
(cid:1)
Alexander N. Š eglov
The Tarkhankut Expedition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
The Settlement of Panskoye I and its surroundings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
PART I
MONUMENTAL BUILDING U6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
(cid:1)
Alexander N. Š eglov
General information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Description of the building complex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
PART II
TILES AND CERAMIC CONTAINERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
(cid:1)
Vladimir I. Kac, Sergei Yu. Monachov, Vladimir F. Stolba, Alexander N. Š eglov
BLACK-GLAZED, RED-FIGURE, AND GREY WARE POTTERY . . . . . . . . . . 127
Lise Hannestad, Vladimir F. Stolba, Helene Blinkenberg Hastrup
COMMONWARE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Sergei V. Kašaev
HANDMADE POTTERY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Vladimir F. Stolba
LAMPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Lise Hannestad
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6 CONTENTS
TERRACOTTAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Lise Hannestad
CULT SCULPTURE, ALTARS, SACRED VESSELS AND VOTIVES . . . . . . . . . 213
(cid:1)
Alexander N. Š eglov
GRAFFITI AND DIPINTI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
Vladimir F. Stolba
COINS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
(cid:1)
Anna M. Gilevi
METAL OBJECTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
Eugenii Ya. Rogov
STONE OBJECTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
Eugenii Ya. Rogov
CERAMIC OBJECTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
Eugenii Ya. Rogov
GLASS OBJECTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
Eugenii Ya. Rogov
BONE OBJECTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
Eugenii Ya. Rogov
CONCLUSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
(cid:1)
Lise Hannestad, Vladimir F. Stolba, Alexander Š eglov
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CONTENTS 7
APPENDICES I-V
I. ARCHAEOLOGICAL, PALAEOGEOGRAPHIC, AND GEOMORPHOLOGICAL
RESEARCHES IN THE LAKE SASYK (PANSKOYE) REGION . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
(cid:1)
Nikolai S. Blagovolin, Alexander N. Š eglov
II. PETROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF STAMPED AMPHORAE . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
(cid:1)
Alexander N. Š eglov, Natalya B. Selivanova
III. PETROPHYSICAL STUDY OF THE HANDMADE POTTERY . . . . . . . . . . 317
Gennadii M. Kovnurko
IV. PALAEOETHNOBOTANICAL MATERIAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
(cid:1) (cid:1)
Zoya V. Januševi , Alexander N. Š eglov
V. OSSEOUS REMAINS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332
Aleksei K. Kasparov
CONCORDANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
ABBREVIATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
EPIGRAPHICAL INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
GEOGRAPHICAL INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367
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PREFACE
This volume is the first of a series of three volumes presenting the results of the excavations
at Panskoye I, a settlement in north-western Crimea. This volume contains the results of the
excavations of the so-called monumental building U6, one of several such building com-
plexes forming the larger part of the settlement. Volume 2 will deal with the necropolis ad-
joining the settlement, and volume 3 with its remaining building complexes, including U7,
which was originally laid out as a fortress with four rounded corner towers. Altogether the
site was only settled during a comparatively short time span – from c.400 B.C. to around 270
B.C. During its first c. fifty years of existence the settlement apparently formed part of the
chora of Olbia, but after being destroyed around 350 B.C. it was included in the chora of the
rapidly expanding city of Tauric Chersonesos.
The excavations at Panskoye I form part of a large-scale archaeological landscape study
of the coastal zone of north-western Crimea carried out by the so-called Tarkhankut Expe-
dition since 1959. This project is presented in the Introduction.
This volume is the result of joint efforts of members of the Institute of the History of Ma-
terial Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, and of the Institute of Classical
Archaeology, University of Aarhus. In 1994, a collaboration between these two institutions
resumed the excavations at the site, which had been discontinued in 1990 due to lack of
funding. The new joint expedition was financed by INTAS, for whose sustained support we
shall always remain grateful. Without the opportunity which the creation of this organization
offered us, we could never have inaugurated this joint effort. Originally we planned a con-
tinuation of the fieldwork for at least three years, but the political situation in the Crimea pre-
vented us from carrying out this plan. However, what in the spring of 1995 seemed like a ser-
ious set-back, soon turned into a benefit from a scientific point of view, because it forced us
to turn our efforts to the publication of the huge body of information and material that had
been collected since 1969, a task with which the team has been involved since 1996.
Apart from INTAS, other foundations and institutions have supported our work through-
out this long period. Thus the Danish team received support from the Novo-Nordisk Foun-
dation, and both teams from the Faculty of Humanities of the University of Aarhus and the
Research Foundation of the University of Aarhus, without whose support we could not have
finished this first volume.
In autumn 2000 the newly created Danish Centre for Advanced Studies in the Human-
ities generously offered a one-year grant to Lise Hannestad and Vladimir Stolba – an oppor-
tunity for intensive collaboration in the last phase of the work and the editing of this volume.
Printing costs have been covered by the Danish Research Council for the Humanities and
the Research Foundation of the University of Aarhus. We are truly grateful to all these insti-
tutions. In the coming years the recently established Danish National Research Foundation’s
Centre for Black Sea Studies at the University of Aarhus will support the continued work on
volumes 2 and 3.
Many people have kindly assisted us, among them colleagues in our institutes who have
(cid:1)
offered advice and encouragement. We owe a very special thanks to Alexei Gilevi for trans-
lating the Russian manuscripts into English, to Julian Ward and Patricia Lunddahl for the
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10 PREFACE
huge task of correcting respectively our ‘Russian’ and ‘Danish’ English. Aarhus University
Press, its former director Toennes Bekker-Nielsen and its present director Claes Hvidbak, as-
sisted by their staff, including Mary Lund and Anette Juul Hansen, have undauntedly un-
dertaken the publishing of a manuscript of this size and complexity. During the excavation
campaigns S. Il’in and T. Oznobišina assisted with the architectural measuring of U6, and M.
Agoranjan, M. Kazanceva, and T. Eršova with the photographing and drawing of the finds.
(cid:1)
Restoration of artefacts was carried out by O. Plamenevskaja and N. Chvoš inskaja (pottery)
and I. Bogdanova-Berezovskaja (metal, glass). Drawings of finds and figures for this volume
(cid:1)
were prepared by the authors (S. Kašaev, S. Monachov, E. Rogov, V. Stolba, A. Š eglov) and
O. Andreeva.
(cid:1)
Lise Hannestad Vladimir F. Stolba Alexander N. Š eglov