Ocean: the definitive visual guide

514 Pages·2014·143.15 MB·English

by  American Museum of Natural History.;Juvenile Collection.;Outstanding Science Trade Books for Students K{u2013}12.;Cousteau, Fabien

THE DEFINITIVE VISUAL GUIDE
LONDON, NEW YORK, MELBOURNE,
MUNICH, AND DELHI S ABOUT THIS BOOK 6
SENIOR EDITORS Peter Frances, SENIOR ART EDITOR Ina Stradins FOREWORD 8
Angeles Gavira Guerrero PROJECT ART EDITORS Peter Laws, BY FABIEN COUSTEAU
PROJECT EDITOR Rob Houston Kenny Grant, Maxine Lea, Mark Lloyd T
EDITORS Rebecca Warren, DESIGNERS Francis Wong,
Miezan van Zyl, Ruth O’Rourke, Matt Schofield, Steve Knowlden
Amber Tokeley CARTOGRAPHERS Roger Bullen, N INTRODUCTION
US EDITOR Christine Heilman Paul Eames, David Roberts.
INDEXERS Sue Butterworth, John Dear Iowerth Watkins OCEAN WATER 28
PROOF-READERS DTP DESIGNERS Julian Dams, E THE PROPERTIES OF WATER 30
Polly Boyd, Ben Hoare Laragh Kedwell
THE CHEMISTRY OF
SEAWATER 32
SCHERMULY DESIGN COMPANY T
TEMPERATURE AND SALINITY 34
SENIOR EDITOR Cathy Meeus DESIGNERS Dave Ball, Lee Riches,
ART EDITOR Hugh Schermuly Steve Woosnam-Savage LIGHT AND SOUND 36
N
EDITORS Gill Pitts, CARTOGRAPHER Sally Geeve
Paul Docherty DESIGN ASSISTANT Tom Callingham OCEAN GEOLOGY 38
THE FORMATION OF
PICTURE RESEARCHER Louise Thomas
O EARTH 40
ILLUSTRATORS Mick Posen (the Art Agency), John Woodcock,
THE ORIGIN OF OCEANS AND
John Plumer, Barry Croucher (the Art Agency), Planetary Visions
CONTINENTS 42
PRODUCTION CONTROLLER Joanna Bull
C THE EVOLUTION OF THE
MANAGING EDITORS Sarah Larter, Liz Wheeler
OCEANS 44
MANAGING ART EDITOR Philip Ormerod
TECTONICS AND THE OCEAN
PUBLISHING DIRECTOR Jonathan Metcalf
FLOOR 48
ART DIRECTOR Bryn Walls
REVISED EDITION CIRCULATION AND CLIMATE 52
DK UK
OCEAN WINDS 54
SENIOR EDITOR Peter Frances PRODUCER Mary Slater
SURFACE CURRENTS 58
EDITOR Lili Bryant
MANAGING EDITOR
UNDERWATER CIRCULATION 60
US EDITOR Jill Hamilton Angeles Gavira Guerrero
THE GLOBAL WATER CYCLE 64
SENIOR ART EDITORS MANAGING ART EDITOR
Anna Hall, Helen Spencer Michelle Baxter OCEANS AND CLIMATE 66
PRE-PRODUCTION PRODUCER EL NIÑO AND LA NIÑA 68
Adam Stoneham HURRICANES AND
TYPHOONS 70
PUBLISHER Sarah Larter
ART DIRECTOR Philip Ormerod
ASSOCIATE PUBLISHING DIRECTOR Liz Wheeler WAVES AND TIDES 74
PUBLISHING DIRECTOR Jonathan Metcalf OCEAN WAVES 76
TIDES 78
DK INDIA
SENIOR EDITOR Vineetha Mokkil PROJECT ART EDITOR Amit Malhotra
EDITOR Himani Khatreja DTP DESIGNER Dheeraj Singh
PICTURE RESEARCHER Aditya Katyal DTP MANAGER Balwant Singh
MANAGING EDITOR Rohan Sinha OCEAN
MANAGING ART EDITOR Sudakshina Basu ENVIRONMENTS
First published in the United States in 2006
This revised edition published in 2014 by DK Publishing
COASTS AND THE SEASHORE 86
345 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014
COASTS AND SEA-LEVEL
14 15 16 17 18 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
CHANGE 88
192969—001—Sep 2014
Copyright © 2006, 2014 Dorling Kindersley Limited COASTAL LANDSCAPES 92
Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be BEACHES AND DUNES 106
reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any
means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise) without the prior written
permission of the copyright ownder and the above publisher of this book.
Published in Great Britain by Dorling Kindersley Limited
A CIP catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 978-1-4654-1968-2
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ESTUARIES AND LAGOONS 114 BRYOZOANS 305
SALT MARSHES AND ECHINODERMS 306
OCEAN LIFE
TIDAL FLATS 124 SMALL, BOTTOM-LIVING
MANGROVE SWAMPS 130 PHYLA 313
INTRODUCTION TO OCEAN LIFE 204
PLANKTONIC PHYLA 317
CLASSIFICATION 206
SHALLOW SEAS 138 TUNICATES AND
CONTINENTAL SHELVES 140 CYCLES OF LIFE AND ENERGY 212 LANCELETS 318
ROCKY SEABEDS 142 SWIMMING AND DRIFTING 214 JAWLESS FISHES 320
SANDY SEABEDS 144 BOTTOM LIVING 216 SHARKS, RAYS, AND CHIMAERAS 322
SEAGRASS BEDS AND KELP ZONES OF OCEAN LIFE 218 BONY FISHES 336
FORESTS 146 OCEAN MIGRATIONS 220 REPTILES 368
CORAL REEFS 152 LIVING DOWN DEEP 222 BIRDS 378
THE PELAGIC ZONE 164 BIOLUMINESCENCE 224 MAMMALS 400
THE HISTORY OF OCEAN LIFE 226
THE OPEN OCEAN AND
OCEAN FLOOR 166 KINGDOMS OF OCEAN LIFE 230 ATLAS OF THE
ZONES OF THE OPEN OCEAN 168 BACTERIA AND ARCHAEA 232 OCEANS
SEAMOUNTS AND GUYOTS 174 CHROMISTS 234
THE CONTINENTAL SLOPE BROWN SEAWEEDS 238 OCEANS OF THE WORLD 422
AND RISE 176
PLANT LIFE 242 THE ARCTIC OCEAN 424
OCEAN-FLOOR SEDIMENTS 180
RED SEAWEEDS 244 THE ATLANTIC OCEAN 428
ABYSSAL PLAINS, TRENCHES,
GREEN SEAWEEDS 246 THE INDIAN OCEAN 446
AND MID-OCEAN RIDGES 182
GREEN ALGAE 248 THE PACIFIC OCEAN 456
VENTS AND SEEPS 188
MOSSES 249 THE SOUTHERN OCEAN 482
FLOWERING PLANTS 250
THE POLAR OCEANS 190
FUNGI 254 GLOSSARY 488
ICE SHELVES 192
ANIMAL LIFE 256 INDEX 494
ICEBERGS 194
SPONGES 258 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 510
SEA ICE 198
CNIDARIANS 260
POLAR OCEAN CIRCULATION 200
FLATWORMS 271
RIBBON WORMS 273
SEGMENTED WORMS 274
MOLLUSKS 276
ARTHROPODS 290
6
About this Book Ocean Environments
This chapter looks at specific parts of the oceans. It is divided into sections
THIS BOOK IS DIVIDED INTO four chapters. An overview on different zones, starting with coasts and the seashore and then
moving to progressively deeper waters, first with shallow seas and then
of the physical and chemical features of the oceans is
the open ocean and ocean floor. A final section, polar oceans, looks
given in the introduction; ocean environments at the frozen waters around the North and South Poles. In each section,
looks at the main zones of the oceans, and ocean life explanatory pages describe typical features and formative processes, while
the succeeding pages contain profiles of actual features. The profiles are
examines the life-forms that inhabit them. The atlas
arranged by geographical location, starting with
of the oceans contains detailed maps of the oceans. the Arctic Ocean and followed, in order, by the
160 SHALLOW SEAS
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Trnh eO icnetaRToTioOOAalawemrnrtPrfhao hh ttgoideEnuprchheepsNnaeheo ee dent eipbnocP rrntifuei Ohotfnas-oindaeomlgnL bDSaaatowPawoatldtn rYyi,r ehvgFrncts iutvftgaotnrPs otapu ho eheth tdci liast iopctSrihoeeesudrcmlic nseinof semdo ci rafi aafounmreneacy inrhogirrts l scaaclanenad -olotac mmser rrlcec.leu lwe o o.tls go humg 6Afod tirtttdas. ashru erhrrptbai4an rcf n,te se sabao tzt.osaels˚wd oid ehlletiileuTomudlFyi srnmce tfhsmrrhapCd tomses ahi eeiti toatceu (ciirtax hlHCBrwztpeccpaIbr soaiphme1sltyeitsarh aeebnlsn oloaxialU toora h,,csslso 8ee ndeho eeent eOnndoti rttMseflloscounerrrafff˚brfdteiylo aoau tx eon-stnsuero recChdg fAcllonoecpb h,Rc obucoa, t’m hpttaotls Nroachtt crsnaoneeidaue )h mnounhtihv iooto eidwA, nenathyctooIl ni -newsendieMlaelinhplaem naet gee woradoircganc L o ntca,eiflr P es lrdiwireha cnlb t twealiooSoa Atnnd raos ,eashslifen st vekl,e ctaBnceCreRkanreg c wn se hdicf.eetef eae pateed(sTtayVir e alaerReearhnr,,sdeacoolL a yh. e rWRTtcwIoioae celadrae estnntsuphtwsooentrieoehccra r mhfIEs,ht rish e di.efiEseee areeA i ttestepe cfncrri e TeEi siaiihh hsenttdaioaatre tIca agiowghnRneshrje F, clesoh Aeipeesinn lnin elarnr e hrac noau Mrrraff gcs a csod mass A.c3S,ceawen tcinsrn dogaov dptrce1w.,sCh,sr stivPpe —lae ba Rrm-ts6de toeaeoi.eTwomoe ropdrioaWr7ef enetnssimeiElhrsanoshe tphgoatncGbioteqwaHtgflmedehy-i 8rnitap A d ero neeii ro Aoslciwtaeciraevxl mrfico Pcru rfft aresg v)otS ie p n ,(Trrrlirsrarsarf gecf7ooIgh e iooop.misenulsesetair ees htaa. iEu,ltsmNadetnwaiuaeseech l o7ea e rhnccue dcdmnu zafapmRntoeernntnkaeeaafoctsntha(fnmc– nraitieereirg is hse nsGh sessueplt loefiirre nnitoedrue miitttnelsl s8m s. p m anateno er l eeds e ioo a rd cdosw g acgroffAsiI.rdsc tg4cmir-c a id e gnrr e6tsuhatb n w np e o ctacsutoifo ol..h odm,˚to tr le la osh7 f c sctv noa ceTfaeshs Frle ccMe esn tvtfh anntn)ee eteaturohnhiuhr,,goheiie .pheh cths t lendd erile(irr eatet ioysorrc oefllee 2,ser ryos po lay yne pberspl d albs5p slnpu otf eetl ooiksu –tfr rs ,nwr ,ftrrh ee lrbaki2 chteoywgliisotlsCTowne oid9neneeiemp wnhfOuolahornf i˚ tcngiestdsnetsLpoCnsh a.ilfde tc DauseceT gsootdnor itegt,)np -ehf d trohlor.snWah e.e roiryd T gewtcorAoe e seai Apn)i ndawm fn ewnhr m -Tiilesns oesfpatn g ’tEseapoh, ahtin h otoatRrtndynLshs eohm iodeome olvlg adusnC rlycpig aiumnemrO tta hsttscpnsorrgoatr ashuen Ruo hstitkanieawn1lceAeh beidtwrgo,laetsodid6trLsr sei r oe y5epooa mfatsoc ,p .c 0replnb ntn oswttaoo rioOCEAN ENVIRONMENTSece eSTbca1cIsgihefahotdsCnntlnttuootlr6htrmfohrs ylThrs edcoeea o y (ars l it aaatsOh5efosann Osnwin iara si pt etlp ei0tnhlycucdnmcNt , w g sst ne(t s gd0seheeu5hefiroc shRranulY s ir sioerpp pooenfs aihnmropo m ii su adto wboer daCgaeAfiw nithgcoacpe)egfr)on.nw ae.uutOs r l h ior loo reimIysosuosmL.iaatrnl aR tstuneffe . twafdsig codn f threerl faAA an vdaesyceeieifeertr,rgtRvbne t nhno L.eyw oda hn rinogiba e aldbi nd mu E uf etusp ty o euts hga p swE slt . . FSSLSone1NLswOOox2hofeuCCRTna csha0uitAAtthu thErmihsTT imwtcaEIItOCEAN ENVIRONMENTSissosPPeOOahep eFpre 1NNAAs Tr s oeraJfil5hiaF itoCCmea cnese3 aSSLup Rhro IIilooAh onsFFler,Tatuuo T hIIfesieisttnwnCCso hh expOeaeb oeeet tie rfr hnFarOOs ifenecn,1eoes F mRiee CCt oc9eI de nPafgiacostffaEE8 disoAyear nsvroo0AAt a crgtoNa nIeefsNsheNNf elsta rT s Jhasuiao s,taApdbfiTACTACb((aiWWf soifs42iafnYYalsaOOp RRtRgar eene ,,IhPPymras0EE sENENad aayfarl iqaEE,Thn0AAIrniDDaSSn ac t kSeo ueie0c wu hgII3ggg TT rmFFaTTs noLi15i aresorro0II enprrl0,girAi iiOOqkdee0InLann grut, 0giau NNa e ss0No ghgg limIcriaaltncqf 0 msiin caasR Ds nnfirt riua Dlh peilsstbananegg1acemiiasoaa qona.d p9ermsdhrrmrunekdse9s)m eeteia ,o,s l8aeelid k aren fn a,pgffmbeeg tis sat2ety noa o) ,kbht0d rhmlge 0 ebte 7e ; y skwRdtatrndrN5IvilbwBDvavisoopeenaen o0eeemiioLlnohrreesldaei udsUecl0itowdccs effencripcaesoangaEc homlgswaiatidswi cdvradt n e satenet nReflooTesse’ eho s rereas uIisploa inrsegCt Dccnisanstttcl,mailrrksi ran ehlot arGeeoatvldey oiu et on-prgenn..evsiEenn or lrgc aft.Tigo srMyoy s y aro vcTmfCrtea ioeahr ilclsp ehseisOre ntlerte tarhrtaalet(eponehht aoo ,xRing nHs fe flmg ewtc ttea o cAynehiny fhhrbfdvoi seora- drraLmrean oa abeeeloe,rvl oot aii imvor,Icuere exobn aireo mfsbeotsgwnnpfcd t ppuwhlnhlm l hteeyohaoy a olathiht nedebioart nu gbl aannar.oherscisnoru lrildatlo uI nss ionfeeeto fckaiasorsei s coo l dfv n t edu ict, ri bitoeeais bf.nt s.ealcvth npo rhe ruo rlAufrbHcuf eeaaii lre nwsretisonniaslrnnarq i lo f etl ooepdrnh scctstuo tadBaploetooshoedwuroni aai)lsqn oirlrndue iiuv .nt naouese eetuoahgpd senFgtelhdsffvmfec r ahu e o ,. dotee,e ooer t hert sa r aherc frna r, eis atenln . l s imatiabiaCIraLTLTaa(ttsso(oRawtftnennnrouhhOhohmsontrmn rOuffoe eehosCueodn cd ate reepeadiRiaAhf cs atma gtorelrylne nlvnIli ethTf l liulrlvAsedblficiino ossfe sanl5lIn TgdsnulP eOssens i rlad L1ioms dintp0nugi ttlu .nNmAu bserbtt, h pneew,ahoB hDetyhe H0 gg lffe2 gabeCob a etloa celsC rR e seilEnah,t0 iecb,nt–atnulaI arfedo)e hfcOi rsorF edetree0ns,nnaaenr sBease wioeuogteee,IsPahe ge tagt ff odn aC gvrurtfdb acariasinrne-frraeealmreooce enn)fipnahsOset ca allxsvsp drOt eei srcrplyc ohet Sh,marrahFvhehei. teo ht neRo el r nuClcc eFrtf mh enrCue. n1tRdaolthteaaesnao,ir ue E ir rtac fde9ptsr Efifmde sowcos e len byS A euaeiso i9oi ossus c unrm nred ieys cmNdehpaohR0tuefosdeaa,rrierhfeg rletaea a,fsi ngrsmoiiafsMye e arbTAC(rWtn ,vsn. brafc1lceea hYmti alOen pR l.Tufi ketee3s g couhcniigoaoPhEbENsphaeatyae0oeel ss EelofAwh hnabeil DnSilnnsc va,shp e s y tm sne gsoni he Ionalaceew. hTM Aq tTt r 3Saof Tsairohuera y3oa FeI nu(taidte3arfhOdolunsensrnoamuf gad ts5c0gmol ataeNg o Ris ldei ui rslt eitb
54 CIRCULATION AND CLIMATE tohtclOoheAetoe Cahsosk na Ecraiswzi otnAg efl amesdig oNntahl eo lpt n ta oohrGaoh,dpfle sseoEt eits ih grOdt hph iiiiectseorLca,ohs n aOpsotcca leerGco ernat ciefsoigbYc tmastviiii nhnonne▶eeggengssr. INTRODUCTION gababsTaECTtramraamEttcatcOTltwbtodr(irporatshithhyhoovhhlooclnnhgooCh AvaaeritnehfrpuieieeectceaEoaddteulmffe dcoencrim eleRnk,k eAcs evM rt hi wMscpule kpdeo eaundruas ahipssNei.lTEct rhroeidn,esrT,p nhtatblohn ker snc o-aaruigwoorhp yihitmyatcaemohFHpt eidvyoallno dhneedoh s csennLss htoiMPfsobohaaeev)ca n tr eu rnaoa,cpO ieoh.eenot’iatetrfesst dab. rrxrblhllbtathh tuho alATSirO sisntrrTeeeyittnpr uefo c anineehotineueioshthpsdem NrcpeiRe dte a tnfhftdr d drg eadpeehtp heav fltboihsel O torT e b hngleo S m gn ahe ,nganiantiae,eetohteon Lbaetn mf fwinfotTsas t sNtnw eetceuEo uC rstMt eit oopee Rubaremmtegficttmossoan est ihmdhsa R bnUa mer fmrspotfEnco lll i odawteir eglotitais rreOehtumngchhasCsefm hh hnsroio s An fd eayfi h o rfse .emoCtn ito.reTlntto fl)et eswtfg a hacur racf .thr snSTaaahaK mUN uooaartOarrpcoeagmeCmiTsnt l eeeoo cnmllventoStrnChnsui Runo eattche nouee uiimmdadat dar ecS tlcihs refˇEokeaidi hqloointf ech rolb(ost as cce esect tcanrna´dcuithnivm ceyeahu ri t,hsficlrrcofrnFcdsoaooiuee eiguitom cspetuotek oieci pmetdak soiclmunt naaraOnfae scws sfc on mr iup ,nrhuctp a ph eesaelwclgct e aosrdbsua,noophvtcCtmpn o a wonos)cpoddne nrR(irsitlpnne lzrh seoprabfnatrty fiternciitiiueo nrvipltefoehioe, mcusenieayceieetcct h tr tnmMn an dtern zetdsiiarceotawset rotaiasnmiionggie tcat,r oei esgatdcnoidrdtmtkec fpciu ,nlnnyu onaetokr.rl aEi,gahlno t ass i cgttd eoatdTi nealitevod ,saihnircnpcftr rveeDi om ykcnyd gtmytosroae onliai . f fh rstre tpe dees rim nno lc oyr ut ve etude lrd.ssemfegM heo wc esf e o fls oficei gkmenttliarltatrasdts osoO tsur rhso toms,tsouiloccc,ne. osbmii etshn a irwerttcfRrofmws hhuryIfncin ea eigneuraecponqsrnn nhaodoc Ed ,aconts vos sotn u ,aegiotc cipit ooetinc cnsb rmnta kho ftT lekdshlritry ewlteesfcsooiattiet aH rir. dnngaah zwemllytnlWnopoauini eehh,tleA’ nnttsyseesnrmbaiOTcouiotclihiome oeta e.aoicgtnt,hr l Ne iiroxltn r npfocfis aee nhet,wmar u i iagytm tncc tpgt deccnc lt sol nerhh fst ouf tskaf re4-nuertmte rhieiiitet wrulr.omonrneanvnt hliedc brs tioIsgaaiTTrlSccmw4ce catbe rrei emeeiiicottveoooh estHuehbmn nerles oh bnsrc deinnicel hsi scnceE ama esimaikoelagggetlttmt sclr .Otoibtet soa nianlnl lnnoca oOeeh hc ni idaa iiniauL mono aaaaonl iu enttaoefL.qnonedsatc nnnc htcrnll ostn tDs Thcseara rce t 1tbedpsi n tcuctnemi yhhiydoiB Eetiro dc a,a ste5neti e oeoheeCtioruSaaa dtClcnriemsaf g nna e –olta sfnmnrorT tusswyfsoentertfih eto reenrbsh th4ts hitehcmra rnrsRrouciae,cndsai, aislphona re t3sfmoa fneny,rnobtOdeiru Impn t cattslolala .eltsadl gaiduth. gtda Cksduehyesaerml rr ihI ush’n sa.yusnssr Ka7s nhanlemgd tisi, eni tep dkSnims rtae idnq hl dtnti l emf ypa ia se aorueatcnig t wnle g ste,chcroiiar ogrh rtldeemo e(i ieyeflt u fist2lb e emia hgsa ,hemtbta.c 5s nta louht a( meahsrtrBaeil–ic1a evde usentcr flc7mogaab1reso o sdtearslso0 macntl letuead yi,ek c ra,el bntal nkgfecia s suimttaeutnrtinun ino.hmaelns shnolaToycte )ats tm id g,nt)iynvhsnmie nhf lvatrth gc e oiaiarfeyf odtsss,reoeaee oo nancroa wlid.s w nscninsosnlotumrets ds a em gh. l r aormt inimedm o ofctgtBoahflpairlhuchcrwncno c pciaooo eoesefewfl saw e rkr estaaos t ctmteaera“sestohs trhtur o ndbai s,de p sv t pucesfodac tadh teileorot wcvryeaknutcoyp adeeurnsewp c rdetttisut,tkn tthed siu hslahihscti rdsan toloa r”e i vl. ec ateo n naa nhwt,i site t sairh nl eg pocrrczacmuieimomsraacntinototteiiinncvnrgi eeac nrtlsrZshyoteaIescRdlt k iCaecmslaOrsure,Nl sniett satr y pctsflminhiorontaiinewcmknktri,itnfei nletwengierv s ienmet nhta aacoblenu octtvrl eue s5t 5 DMflobcgroofeiE rossnwlmVetoidtnsesEiali nigfi nLfbcimndwenoc sOota mnautaitlalnsnPreiottnsnqauaati nMn diobtundldlnelet naeitee Etsurd l sobl hesNooa cad oe ifoyuffleTla lrutetrtslo oy,hdsOtemd l wemry e.a Faerb a t bs cyC cnturo oOhtutllvhtreseNiecbmeet nrh Ty gaucoe Io bcsNtaiinontoorE t nvtpntiN envhuo iueTeflrnl oAci ee sgtumdLaiirsnv e cCa agehiennpR nmttaUslreruatStosn Tnitoleen WDmbhlnoloSwtoioyoyqifcausta edumttrhttpavr hoaereiatiorodnergernovtoe l g i eecg aevmaawewsenna rliapwhntsdrnla,aedr h yaat ticlt iwti cea nieecedhttaaeoenhrhr eoag re,rpa, ct dpbr ne r v haciloereatoi poemaonthatean hefdicapenee rncd vaa evppeoassxo aern .ila iadrvcahiutlmipsrAcnM emeytinyucsi go4ne ol.odg w tl p msosTto ltEeidnotex ,lrb onl homaie fo eewtar,ihnci -3 gdaudaue rmld wseo ulsi st.it et lsiinc5o t pwhofdmaooy,cffsflhr op bu ior anounb1aegte siehpmnlrnhtstrtmrl e5ihevcaho dehylepdem ete- lvetreesa n hieocr e2te i qaoEtwa ehtssttfaxsoin0ma uiro.ioin tar ctyzaruoaw s neIlirrr ogepr itotgctgn yt inaieia antvehekrsoevh,gwhrsg spernd’laea n teosc yehadvar l e ls,.e ifi i ssa eTEaacabom,n nhsf v n opannbefHrersiaiis otangr docenutnssoE egeetv tat veul nh c aaidoar rEemoernr rn.hiafhti A. el afief t oiltySab inh sRlc on adc srete oseeLctaa s ta Y odrmesa fl rltmabgen te oougrnctEynaorovaiaechrtereemar Asdf omnukcc pae,tadm i sRe esled s pn wcccobuw tsa oT agaoeaw ccaa insraHc do.mnteorlai te httltddfTiawamysree ca eeehmenvn r atte.ede aeaosdh tert r rleie a foocunnlrryrsafcgpo ti fen en mtrdigaooo nem n ss rfmrifaotgsv moe ceacnputarsr wtofh cernu st ATfcooohcNremimsDa penrEoadiAcsd fiNaatriron o VmidnmO ciaaLsong CnidenAte itBKfcfosnNseooohfneAirrr OtnomomenmveawaeNtwEwtaotrd aeeaaalmDuSrsaldrtiddnlttlcnrpi Eyvei io rvvaaoagasa taDoroesonni nst as,coilv per c si,rc sIkwtcns aaoe Rhphaetsb sp nahheeoeOn.sbe o noirr o rtaNosoaeotsswre nx xn e ldsstiiayded oedn egyee dec ee ndarsinr em-n ei tadrchdeoso a nnenrtot dt ec.nk t INTRODUCTION coooIgsaennorrfcc o gvdteetuaeh aiaenorpencnsin h s pidt lms hbls cia ffeesaowne gDsa.elteO iilT rc,Motnae hoahwnAs IclidNtgwoeslh a edgaiiesEnsty nsu hb ei cadifiaya mrnirtna eyvhipaladdmi erldo . o haekvIsfilmtidei s nlkr iteaisovgins lnidrlf teeoogyoowsldf tm l o odoa ffow soom s,mf mre ef.mtludahearr cisetbin th noyiosoee f ro ar ngll rii dalf foaenkeirvf, ii g aisntidemhnngreeddd sd si obvett hhimcaindcteatisutt oo e waamn rlnsai ,m aaysdkpk ,aa tieeinhnlnc 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INTRODUCTION ionntSccwasbatbstfrrhuioo iomtiayaayotaanrmaiurErdfelbdaicc ito ollrrtateahae alreklt hitv omrm saiee adriirIwrtedew unrlsoaht s i atmoirti ihd asp’ibooesnpesndnvaatire nrtehcdretewdtiiotgeenetrcrrmrasmseirosocl tuo waltaycartpyreinpri onleeri enoin cd ossi, sdlnnta gcita wpalu en t ds tCntherhc,inglhi ostideaneaed utneeurnn s gvadt d erdoieisseedgl cr qieuereafll eag l eTssutsoestbcref chct nea(bptthadttte3chhetoelheoieenlordn0 eesfl r ee l dZr.ii˚ a e g n.oapmNH irce hnFni t oAItadtttqCtreehtlnhhhho aegela trhldI ullsaeeeeatRdievfl hera t oahi y onnrvateirCSr sttile ieueD toicvreea tne doio u tt neraoteEENimylru hTaCa uEeg ionei n FtddttiorSioeid aocs hdrhiLrq,r hrcooladae i tver)eitet Ett effeclssoheeu.ooetashr mr t Cl td Tlenmh o m slietwle teattebTpnes(ilrosi ahofhrr’Heorntsou6ad shIooofsysehleeaotloe One aeie sfvHlilrc0mirea efratcanvtistrrlmNr fftm fseseehderitn˚ irnweht ggaio teEmSe fireo-Nmmmct ns ght nlcTooiaff te.rippiwtsta.eT s gpeheufv hehbp sooueipoIrsnesa t nnreeenfeeinohfvehcsa-etqno tn r se tepo este utdtr tetp gdrtd.aos loa,ah wsle-uhr oA.Ta ocit u ,-utrioTter fctSeoIoaocelohcsr airnteep rt)h mt pha-ees utriud,flHtomEwcsddttcsst eahrsdh e.rhwectpe o odfo t, qtaoa sDhe P teoeboosutilepevdvefeEmbsuhtlt n evtoys t seoeCuseEe) eehyaenat n cia .e ll aseera ldwvtncir a aWoetoeri n n oraseta heaenrmreiglT,cctshrn i rtq urls eeo gtttitohdhoc ( ’eaahostrhCTpamst uhssaptsi sheir w delpcienhrhIaevneie learsts,aoEcRolyinioefl npe p i n eslt dtadtd Cnonoa st o, aonm( rr,iyiayid bihuN cfUitnenfiwt oewfogptt ral r hco sm CmoeoLeosr.mdfrsr) rfsraoentor Aahvewdv,t tae.th i o (o doswoupiT–dn Tytprheolbie absotarMhld chuomwiIstcSe iapavi–yiyiOorhchpieccrherneranswrrahae eotn saNisEsei hhtc,h surng etrg co ete aerw )adnn het–tigroheahdtrCsst turhnhisalilio ne nict reteeyE wsffooeodhrnettee aid Lescgs uroh’tinyeols telL nl .tei. ygtr Shle f dl . ss s esjeuAt seuPTCb sstupshtDSObsactsAitbaorrursthhcaoosnabyIeowre r teSapelAcealaad saatei tlt Caitie comwrehrnc tlsn TrMvm-Ooaladeadcsrf la isrntViwilritipaE dato tsnNfEnAroeE rnesm ilnaeiw RdsumLeTcdornS irt(ctYobmo m sffusrlreiCjdtO Ledne, niutimi ao fle pgheottseetAnedsIm PecwoheharvnpneTaasTrotost-cttiee gete.itscua c)Arena stsEtds ,ea np r. o oreeror dtaaas r(dcuoDeeteu AmudeindeWalrrrh Ircteselpc mllhMy ceHltcp rhmew eeo–daoraindOrie lAis onnn mldltcsAbmtnedhsvieetGyt) sddrete eoil m e tcy sm prhIhtspe weINhrielhendbgeleaeWK TsnneG cslhtdtns EotshhrtdptoheYeho use.wee erflr rToe,rre t fl tet e asoRplhvhpwpcllhfsSeaeoo ncrwoosoderroaedeacctceo eeotoodiialaraa sivvtaalltumemafftll ersaaius rotsnswcorttii tdelloo.edho iiiae gaunnuTrnw or turerr Aegget tnhllmefvseglw hshhtrieny de,eh n C eseekt Fci tst rteot snwh anle oHreeneaaa tddsaeovaqrrsoet n ede ta eiestswasu dtsshe.itrwrmet enVuwueg,aPYmwnhwwer I nsiaedasspleoadnAtnr sf eohiiyso. noanrsskfid sT ressi att an rccdImpouhtsTttra n-tssthenc e hrw e Ehdho rdmctmo om riterotoa ZeaichaRelunneheurirpwi eo eoeedNdnf s etayprw aIcene otEcsnedhneeHi dan4n rstt.i Oae,dfi l im,s ionoossNAeaoa 0ast iFn t aohateraotngpanu ri e˚ hnednoWdwnn sdoIr S ocitrne e raetvlcscwO clrxptI eehli lrmitbtseNA(ces cctaiinrieoseiyghomeSun rheeeay nSrDwwtansdrd paa eideel arveCs . 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FtirrA eereebo—ph.scoskondoat neiT ,eT hoaunlivid foenn csli ny se r ttnurieast,ia hhthn odrs hrnetwn g nle wriet wee afareowsstathi rraeher lns ryidlolis eneett.nadinn ae ehe t) edmn n ae r- ▶dsralady.l s ysti . snddsy. lao7tw aaap6cBOdbtyrriINTRODUCTIONre rrrnRoeppeoen saiusErpewtceps Ee znaoiasueirnZdlrfsr lr a Y bmytuelcole l srreo Cmwcee nwOov p taeWsArea srriSstlna seAT t,osu OWWAhsbihwwflemPApwlpabetaosaawt fViirniauhaeat fyAuctpnsenegnnraeidnt o nmeartrtoh ttelrEc IRveeatwtwhtAgichepfhtwrerovliinddeagrhwecpoeT decc eostoretaiSt fecVae t tellIehh b slo s mireeveiesl hotaawCur,e aflbisvreperu eseertyd nssed istcaEgiu iLt eeivbrac osanrrvoreAs m f lnel w hnprEmo eceei leaeyoteppmn S foyflta-tatveoc rperfi tslrlaeewngmNowtsdMeet oeseo fe aeir e wc vw .i.:yyvo sodeccssotnfwwanr s arAefn tTO ePuehtryeDaat, hsptgO fwi dssh barr sah eohicny tlVewa o iscsnR.,oo en eaoenrl swafneed nubs rEenaoItavco c drn snTrthesloso b se tsMenvypoEocs modaed easaeawes tau rvoheroset ew ai—Itoh e svrfny 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edtvc aeuns re aev icsh wrrv )aee daiT.nogsidtti llael evdL an nnsrnweiYeccsde.n eoerey ilmdrwrhsdlcd e cIsslLe ntseownesep mrdrtsk l ssea a lshhs , ntw es ewsh asAt eewehh.do eapars tym toiwdmncr atnewa aiah ausw in he mahyns NdIc aedewaeacovsat stha.i we cwtndo—rain gehattsitee r i vsrnirehrDyrkAv edeerideftoen e rag i i fsateayeooi e a nsntsr vCI4wCTmwaaorert ossFWcwcreugw hg nmyadnhpmiv slieNv e eepg itp–hain rs avoueUHAiudnq tdnlona ,a aierntdnruanerf e abae.aen eal ta.e in ie2Id N puiuilr h irn vvlLoOP emtngwsvGhf sgs tzfocWeTlstr s ir,osaol 0rrp.laoe r ineehk Lcmf ia dge ueeaIers fhoca aP eeee,ihs otiomH ytwsYfffo Lcolhlpanpiocrtt esaitkcpepagitilve ehs eeacrnse Pf n stn fldoLvhtoh Tnsg,oci c nal nv,t avarnm tennn etd brhpmDitey rtt ha offenYAt efipe tghsnden(enrouowh,aeu .eaeieggohtrtser ehnc1wrgle l,Eoapea l oy hr Rlrghe atie ttrruaseSoemeioe e lse0prassrtwtdb s—y Vntr h.hde ah a caYe oatf w rh d psn–eeee Er shta uwssf.t a lgoEohctvuoswreff:t- ef asoodar.tg sef5iAuarr daWe et,geiaoLoerio teT o fffgan s rtwtcgtfr0h vnovivelo, a Omar hrha l iv aah tesyd nu1h eaeenmAevnlabneerc, fcsee.clv hunpnP t,on 0 ieern seola v gVnmc tadsts yyindxhterdy– Er hentat ewc o tan a1 Ere u, he)eha crlDe4hdt 4csna,t rdon0aeoS eadrnhcrrs 0etpurndg0uln oe t g wumytf e Roieshnaf1 naw esh (g heiedfejd rmtgstn aR ½aumOdartptffl rhpgs hree(r ilnve efvsrapnIffm3t(t tUse eesr eetetP3eaedt iihsedvhtpo ee—nh h,Gdewemn– dnn sPreea ma deal s(eets ode1dc Ha( o6yL utr)a so4fl la a e 2 s .n 0Eet ilhr.ro h, fe v S re e secd w Si aINTRODUCTIONwmtkpge m eE rdv ),p hi ) , Asest) . h .. h )a loaowaactctra mP“thmHRWseSfstrbslbibheBtoahhemLieexuUmrrei dvafseUraeeaisIchtMhegtr os ekttpDa.aNoare n ie e lboAckkl bHenflaGalolnoecyloNIt” id rrdleIu vnhgos N ueoefiNr horn apeIirrgblaf maattnrMG wmcy tei hkGa se“tl gle eo, wwP h lmh sBateiaaei. auaneuA rnc s nseRoiae bF ngsuC“gTtrdhuv sgEleu hofe wTutlt rneA,q-e ih Hfru ef frntbnnrur rifeoKepas rbietfoierg rtvtrnE-es lEowmeaeuermu cts eRrf .c cao,”ab iasH n enkho vrmwt nWetngegldwetieenaehs t -e”ehdshiiurwps sarf drprne eebs petAgrivsri.yai e lgra s tcdyoetaeets r a . itV i o iscrahapdi ciimcbTonoue—egk h arhuSSssgtErcnnrerg xooiohihpneae,hHnicit irost,pae od iggtoSsaa g gise.nO ho let fasebkehe rlhsl ou hsAdontiela r ael lktieht hwreynLbtsa-bel reo es saIg e o s prN iwd etg o,bih G haci ttte dc A.ecrue WrmuNr.c tsrrTDllh esahea sofeBans nw eRwer td,hEa a bebAvvau reetKcetwohse r Ialte taafNeeahkfslnsntesfG tehg t .h tgwertoh herhcmrea tcea vs wo ne tttod aio vdieneeel iepeontcnhcg udrtohrfs wcwtwbs . olaseoaai cutdiwtvhflonse e ate rteed nh dbmrode eabwI ogcs uytntei int aouchsta n ee l eenpaaAAttTeasthohhnnshe eoTrde ie warnrr hscwabn eeghtipdranuesvaey tlevvod:terve r s eietreradenanthes i scecadssot a, enirchl tcauirecdrd i onphee aawr rioa s pl toswraotacleesciasrnywfnetn sariottoo dshpi sevsootieobn an ese s habii rncnott r tStehrehsmie a fhiegshele n ieaheanpbi iwhnsnangkcegae r hsigsshio e .aew gno e esttedt vifhha hosa s net k tr lw oc byeeastflc reoro riapraoeotd egnilvaoecem,oo kyeadnsto re ls ghp .og sctTrte hn nfraoenn ahsbms odcosbirmeastuoefu ddsacatnle ilkh doiloc eneyawdh n.wbrn tko. rI aos aguetnwS v hatetpae pkhn,ea a —sifies by lnhpslt uhihawagWWb(wwottwtWtcoablonntbtluhhhhynnaeoleenceaa rgyaAh aneeeeth anvt ntdanc vetv Vehfeeeeyvt n ngocbunr ee)rcecfEa-ff he re s o h fria rraserwd ,rr hrcyn Roshees aenonshle ena aadod a E (dntgcanedcsatnonagnvotseFp toltkti aesactrd eflRadr abenelf wsaeadsnhccaeoeiiyAnos ,rs ptrnzewelt rua ct seC etnaefs tnapohaoshls t rd Tnahswusnltde luhoe .eto lneee wtsIkap1coenhsesyadot ewOerom dpcnwt toea tp0ywseapsaeNaaiaae cs radhng ra 6t r errlnrtsehe,bu( vd.tho ah es shh )scs a rddw otcerdrhzrtr.f eao ytoe elooyra ib aa snri v ef fsohlfenaerlanwhiaurtp eeltaanic antoeclnenisahpeoseg nl iccecw dtlweenne. tl.stnr i.s hco efl9 Ts hnare cgsdiheao og3saesnees. hva ,fv ydt), ge r it e s e rr erINTRODUCTION.7 7 Pfaoglleodswei nscsg(wcfietiuohlnrnrdahcooloi dgsonhibduwtisrg 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,hdaahc yeoee viesamsr nell annaks dm yerao fr ptdeafarsgcsa , as o.oow boe dl l lewntrahhacgeMudmyrditeoltchiuae llB hvl ilaes lmkv viiaa Iutodb hiVnentcctedet cylhAaleaa s j t lshoe,aivoy e uLa flke)hsgwfipaliVs o r t m t.sihih ymsncEloslhunskTsslor,he mofoaAaaowo easSunaw hmrlsl) snlrfHtyllfoM noo en miu,te tte o aflEss sfdrtstwwidretebm lbrioLaelcfhqauOtpsilhe u Ln crordsoorelohhbuehai,at ulcrumdstsNeol d ruoir eeaeeedrl hh htln m iany r s snsedtetwaspchGaybaattyuekh , ,sa ayo ursvl mdloaom veascv a es sp leia sruirllndfnsTeyemtsctey c al ooyuosacys oydsbh lsCCoTiaali uHshs nebhross afh emerEitjti flcf ,a rlsesioae r mplwPmfaaamsEmseacv a aaldsogi elthkwyiHecspustlhp lyvasniaiuo onaatp.yigurecaeiAi sl elsppstlcMsdTsldlseiaheleevtiokr n cmhLnthkaise ,gr,tssa podmeuime rO o hsm hakyettaltnOooad lao.snsi ePahoh laev r edep bd p , dCprvemljiOr feh nas ritlnrSag uetylree s onel aeDt ateh aowhenmahhlhTeu de tttir d svnacrpagncpisehaAoreeswensmcextlsv ne. a sron ncihNadlo gnltehe toaimSt rap lta vu(nae h aAia mnl .i—Silaw nu sUs dste eoiagfnsls lnT Sl N o losan rra hnorueiwOsfoieciggflCad SArpttneugs t,-lpe mcg M ehe ht s rir lmPiIee mrlof iLtt rpCsseoat;. eIedeavYol hovb R to odlfiySsilrfo ie hE onnAoe eoeopr dHso vrtpugsr iLtt gS erErmuoho, .ev ota a uSLfsi,mst rn s eLditii F mos ehw ntfc nenU,asry so tgovystaspRTlmwaapne aLhonh.c;tEsa taoer e GToslassbstwte d lle gEat oheeriMnhohl sshf ea nA gleehrsoFae estaefeamle otggcrhp srsi-wtS. iilldtdr loo aaeo mD tflill hbehuvbTomsre dinpols u fqbWlot aasfo R)vdstsuuoieth oa mc idclncrdeagf eOssvn r,cduaoozEefleay s ey r loaretatc o3 rPvptp L ahls vlaoaoia4lcpo, na arp ri rnoLOvi et egfrtmw4olvpanslatuletIeygd omna llinDle0Nt mmnlhaarrpes n is(n etemart d1 d(n,o tsGd slA eoceicl (snieb ( dteanas ynytmdifu oNcd .skeGi fallact(c soatrulat t2) bo.sTllAr Om)u unsagnhth .aa2iiay rtlTh atr,Lm tseeea enI0c ehe kreOn lnhe Io afyrl a eAy stykgoriMemd ean)i sd me Tgs ,e r dv e )HYbshtey. h as se aaclesa. ,ensne rhiluvdO yan yir 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7
Atlas of the Oceans
PACIFIC OCEAN SOUTHWEST compass direction The final chapter of the book is an atlas of the world’s oceans. It
nwahmiceh ofef aotcueraen is i n Great Barrier Reef iwnidthiciant eosc epaonsition includes maps of the five major oceans. The pages that immediately
found follow each whole-ocean map contain more detailed maps of selected
TYPE Barrier reef regions of that ocean. All the maps have been produced using data
map shows AREA 14,300 square table of collected from a combination of satellite- and ship-borne instruments.
location and, in miles (37,000 square km) summary
most profiles, information They are labeled to show the names of the seas, undersea features (such
goef ofegartauprhei cal extent CCOroNwDnIT-IoOfN-t h Doranms aSgteadrfi bsyh ; (vcaartye gboertwiees e n as ridges, trenches, and seamounts), and prominent coastal features.
coral bleaching sections) They also show ocean depths and
LOCATION Parallel to Queensland coast, the boundaries between tectonic ▼ REGIONAL MAP
northeastern Australia 161 As well as maps, these pages also include
plates. Features identified on the
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FSLToSbw(aTmo1fi3ZRMBsaOsewRt el60oaffsutuChhoaiiTOG7sWIwtsm7 ohEearoli0 tuAlSveimnnclmeelasrfm–bNhdte,Tl soort H hopononl fislIccfit8 he 1hPetCeaOeeSrad asrlem ubrruesoer(mclNaA,, e nHl raeioreE ichlc0s padhotPstoet ra nseeCo t u eohci, or tea 0FmFu’naftr (fiaedrTt sBe eruiifrscI helR1enso 0 dnac eWSeisF t’ts e⁄a sBhs 4a cahcdIt snclcih tinsIpb(mifGh.yofh-psfiur c stseCl yinoslcra utaaehcapinretAif eeneOwc ipo )a mtdt n i(siocAIseOnnPTc ce, iletpes li Ilsstitold,)avcllnEMeriuigo rec lCspeoriRsey,leflnsaiae gitn yi rchigssS aseanylc haEsbnRns nrc da litbhL,rLPfiniis,eHoe,oge tAae lducnag eo aeyss8h uvaeddnOsr,eofNcaiDansd h pco tla 0eaeedi a nf nAlstgfa ,Ifil, iialcod r1 f0 h nsbTAC(raSinwc fih n andL6’⁄S,mRttnoiY3eaOteiRuc r dgoondO0SoSnedia siiParsteENsgrmlinrn0v 2nnrldb uoa pEoaaAilttUotBidDaim bhslede fi h)0 sydi ireg uIslinanTp je ra F’mcqSTarl1sae 0 u tcalnh arauHtIurndrleos,tsriotoiOnhe5 satni4nnsaihnpei eMsrsWsdINeeret0tttn nsgrtmaeci, idn ee yef b 0 oessa ailvierss gnPd,Ento M cGf n ffi) nmep,soher gAoocra fiiSsaae,aNiosqa asf ee i erneffn rpoaTltiuhttrrra eclbweee ceocsL hhsde oard,wsdututryeslle hfi,r-tfielhaaeee) imfo tees sppLa ebstma nhf e bessu f,hknsri i h N. afEdatt ym n i f T ign.nsr ) eeSa o. hi w dgasT l,t fii Gag rghMssMAsMsbVheeehuuo oowoOvwtrc,oiEro lloueonOoyaiiaordddrutnree RRgee r,dnaaa dE eelydbfe,.yTA ,a rs pudi ,a dn aatE.tnagh erff TntiesdsnB eo othdg sicfsm hn e RretwBoe eaderrehtodAeei ifimlr r coeiabeTanhfnle-eyse miE’ B sfn iooshc svt fos?lo aeitamsrr rnanicauooblos dtnuluthmehrsn-n a upitoonivadlcse ffief t ntt hgt Tei.ohbioelsuayeen nsh ve e,ibi entrwuia , sl.lyy OCEAN ENVIRONMENTS ◀IppFsrwipnleoharlhaaao uooe romgoF cs rlfiffwwetells Etco lodlsxre mooAnrsgf.a as irat mcTrMttmhoa taeraocUeemepppdapoftnrR ish asls feaowea o Esetnd ca,r ndl.si pietolrtPtee ou,rhsehu dRsowae cen ccfi lxOr dbe roipplfipF edyelbrltoIast oh aeLbi r nfieot a Eyucal nr eSorte esor as ry.l mi4n58ATLAS OF THE OCEANSda1234TpHeEhieTATATstAPtstnFLMR1E5hhhousAAoiaa6Ni0lhH T reeeubeXlcgEGr0d˚rPeeNI eud tiTtM˚tOE.hNPvhfio hE shHAnhuTPtxFBUoa ui lceA mCMocab2qyclhCCe6 LrcnCt, rPiyO0t0lDre uiefiaItyiO S˚ So0dPiEpI Tli NFhnnnUta0P caFKteanIehrlrRrT tiLC gkamiAaetceHoe EsI ena rznD t nimK ie COhn S m lodkd e a3oi2eAAA(cCscse o1pr6s,e u6 cB1dni uh e hEc nil,9aGTKh ap,5(aO6penref 3,0rSAN o ,c (0av0ali9ou,8 iibc rm 8o2uNT0Sfstcl˚lt tCtO7o fot0cE8 m ehyihshnfao stimO5ab0cevtePmvniahakineae E gBrfsM p()oknhsnkett8 tairktue l R umpiay)Ti ak,uPaPA ,na ti1eynganh r)tncIni-sn0rasMchrlngsssusi Nau0dkegkcyovsluld hvea tea iliiUb sKZaewmibYeeyneafinfiptnwis, fs en).r dasrns dvtcd dcKtp onlhIhrkPct eoi sesaStuhtn’tvieoReee .- o sm TroUlKsairotce Oinegres -ehmttieca i trtsttnhB phtrtsheknimihtonh oag aoK nhiePtrt csey ifhsck ea ee (nsoOgtaa(mhu2e1 s76 sfl c5K ,a ,Set ,Lh8 8azO0,a,ta Aan865Zt Asob9km04rr7eak3tuanbR2mim ccflhcitefdehvet) Swcvttbedvlh)a,ahh Srao EReotBaBE hnimuapeersersAEoslr uSfieekatca mt enosugnLAthAsernitaOrseySo dKerqendshlaS yuaas OBIru ianr eNt eescsp1.tMrehaakdsdoh7 or rytktgTeekai yir0 yrin feceooHvnp sac˚e .nKgvc oEs e nEOKa taaSsOM oGaPannhr nska inAasnutorvme1sBttey tre tuLee irda6antcf orMSoonaEc ag onZlc0aoAhKOivhMfsiNevUsfceynnh˚ln e’oi aEelAasytnioyTatsssdaolun omkhtmuioIstipntnvrtvA iasgiueodklyartayoc rolaNv honbnia nyhtu 2acc leidetAhdRIno(0crn aS t2 uoiKut(6 rletwOFas Ll,1r3IhPca1e30evslsAna0s3geAtyelk5 89leatuy8. 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rtO adpdyassibaegfSuASonSomes Rtophainfoh ngieetlaej DfcreleAos ioimtyetamleaamtPtepnrh r hauemrmdtflemrnosaueo o (nasmdIIulMroi2ts ooto ut7tleYnoueoa ,la,tou u6xw5aaaknfr un ssu trnc6s.n 1rkittt e nonaTitsh hmtDSs3tuknaointu,hecPiftfah esuht nf et aa Sitia AtaP) aPr vnentgthGpsaestg(mWelerhies1ed 3gaero lid:la1aexe nel,oa em awta6v a,tmor B.cJlhu9bohGu4nkiioriaa4nSsne eede0oleainyyui3u1r tecgno emrnuP n4KfrleniesaftK efnc0atnrA) d ao mot˚oto tWSletdsiemShdo00fC.s ocx i C 1nihaeaSuIh ia3 kAnso Deinkl0dc aLpaheetfi˚nEsprWmsaPn d1gAeeas0Boo rtFThtsscSmtr(I0ofRceDSuhhaph1seoohonulirAhrhnlSeaac1reeiiidaase1uctcppenreatJnn 4d0isIsSg keaattniadsRps t0mpouml itkeasels adnf2cmdiiaeBioPonJeJnagaidm0onnisar d oao0etfomnalkgwuidrg am lwelAaeeogCrt tnlt oyO aiuhiera.violteo euse aQb rSePn EuodwnKnsoCtuSoWrIi3wkvrnh tex ns uO0inAeeunaeillnat20teaxnicroagaphs0s.sctoto nx lt0eeo e mhhecCIees wrd3nrn snioorDa t1htoE0lp mfish ewVNfeaan9)x1u otr4r w sVamoa lre7ne9K0nooteorlan0na e7t8dtteffni3tcns tseleu,9Hctr oc l0at AzcceeoieoI, clr n oasohb atP3iumn elrda elna0tiySu5a rkdt 0enir 0h itanvisaondedih0glshnatDael e ns fkP aisceasro aoatm(l rte2g nel6bflCSibnihsI1Qo 1lnrr9Woosto.2e eoas3n.dlec9Ayvuu,0JSeaop m usafeEeewiewn˚entte rmlWn) heax.l daS 4Rtoihnredp0 hamo.KKssur 0Ce1e,lmr ,eu so 3pnot hnr0C eu Sead˚enrrWractlotportCTopbNoSaSeaEattottatEtAMIetNtohhhhhRr n xtettlfAfcxaFGpheEae a. oeeeerLXadep ervAstph et OrteHI rnt5har aM eloeolJaGWel a h0otssean6uolP, ,eCrUl0vh tde sSia6qescseAotis i aMroe clt,iuV llhncamomk eau0ae6AnmoC elrP nDr0c msa r0ecd risnbaaaIa nC˚sclfuE0msa ntFoicdol ekahoesNPPe gua lFiarIscsas efi oedTsleeiBCaorodeJtqijeliP dtnacHus so a ssnn fu.p rw ir raF aSaOki c Ola ite Smaiicrvu an9alaat1pennapcauc Csniat she,lilntaprigne6 Be p9l p al trEaeceintaSdflias0oeO de tad .n tii8tiseiAs a iaIern0M erte1Tanarsn tgaBsa2 t ;s (eNis.arodsitsi f1oFl7Ph ian CrttuhTnealt,h rs 7ni o P f K uys0tLeoeao(lsnns g0kibte q2 oa lEchu4o nrl0 wfh,udtoV, i is0aod tauYa9 noss1menclCGu. oee0ntt i3lr ufhaaTci h5e0tbimo,btlss tbe0 e e aiPla bankV cseeo nhoait, ana9eoascach adnStnmosoaau eteacgaqwnxmre te,rL,d ac2Lam niue ot)gceur . tdign nFo ddta am.damni.siii o5k emchrilx(((((( aaaetpsvs813691oaclTpidua251235Hn afimupuWhcttS 7e0,,,,6srpit50,,,,sseo6358instmrel0000Aehtny t.0,c)acs00thhetp. T00004i tt0000hltUde1r udu S ytMhprof00000a odlMlmm0000hdAoe1iRt al eo.or 0v srNnes effffee uei0rmmmmta)) eTi vbptttth ehEpefnvcueaonoeara˚ftaI gm))))5E etehWiTetRnrladlthmgnutnsp0rhyenS ot iassE˚,Id hn gcngllrC i N en ieaDen O t aesttaAr ,i o ng cte Fhn t 1234 ATLAS OF THE OCEANS459
284 ANIMAL LIFE MOLLUSKS 285
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Touch, smell, taste, and vision are well developed in many mollusks. GRAFTING OYSTERS Polar Oceans, Ocean Yacht Racing, Shutting Down the
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Flamingo Tongue belongs Cnidarians, Segmented Worms, Flatworms, Ribbon
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HABITAT Oceanography from Space, The Indian Ocean Tsunami,
Coral reefs at about Ice-shelf Breakup
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Respiration information Sue Scott Shallow Seas, Red and Brown Seaweeds, Plant
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bivalves clamp shut and some gastropods close their shell with a “door”
(called an operculum) to retain moisture. Pulmonate snails have a simple
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CNsetbcsbhlopxorOuueitledgdgoLe cirhiOsreriebatn)esR a rtasho.air l oarCT n iaognnvhOcfnei che loDglt ls uffshweI e d Ne(t tsaagheioGertriisw lhsna l etsi anh.rrgyed OCEAN LIFE ssrahhnaogdwees do k fan sroepwae ncoi efn sma t aupra l range of the species Thien rtehvei sBeda letidci t ion was prepared with the help of David
Burnie (Ocean Life), Robert Dinwiddie (Introduction and
Ocean Environments), Frances Dipper (Ocean Life), and
Philip Eales (Atlas of the Oceans)