Newest born of nations: European nationalist movements and the making of the Confederacy

273 Pages·2020·2.535 MB·English

by  Ann L. Tucker.

N e w e s t B o r n o f N a t i o n s
A Nation Divided: Studies in the Civil War Era
orville vernon Burton and elizaBeth r. varon, Editors
Newest Born

of
Nations
European Nationalist Movements
and the Making of the Confederacy
ANN L. TuCkEr
university of virginia Press
Charlottesville and London
university of Virginia Press
© 2020 by the rector and Visitors of the university of Virginia
All rights reserved
Printed in the united States of America on acid- free paper
First published 2020
1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Tucker, Ann L., author.
Title: Newest born of nations : European nationalist movements and
the making of the Confederacy / Ann L. Tucker.
Other titles: Nation divided.
Description: Charlottesville : university of Virginia Press, 2020. | Series: A nation
divided : studies in the Civil War era | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2019057959 (print) | LCCN 2019057960 (ebook) |
ISbN 9780813944289 (cloth) | ISbN 9780813944296 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSh: Nationalism—Confederate States of America—history. |
Nationalism—Europe—history—19th century. | united States—history—
Civil War, 1861–1865—Causes. | Confederate States of America—history. |
Southern States—history—1775–1865.
Classification: LCC E459 .T88 2020 (print) | LCC E459 (ebook) |
DDC 973.7/13—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019057959
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019057960
Cover art: Giuseppe Garibaldi enters Naples on 7 September 1860
(Pictorial Press Ltd./Alamy Stock Photo)
For my family

C o n t e n t s
acknowledgments ix
Introduction 1
Part I. Age of Revolutions, 1820–1850 15
1. The revolution of ’76 Extending Itself across the Seas:
Southern Analysis of European revolutions 17
Part II. Antebellum Sectionalism, 1850–1860 39
2. Let the South Take Warning: Slavery and Expansion
in an International Context 41
3. A Tool Wherewith to Promote Agitation:
European revolutionaries and Sectional Tension 67
Part III. Secession, 1860–1861 91
4. Equal among the Other Nations: Secessionists’ Liberal
International Perspective 93
5. Without a Parallel and Without a rival: Secessionists’
Conservative International Perspective 115
6. Disunion . . . Is Fatal in the End: Southern unionists’
International Perspective 134
Part IV. Wartime Realities, 1861–1865 157
7. Of What Avail Are the Appeals of the South: The Evolution
of the Liberal Confederate International Perspective 159
8. We Stand Alone: The Evolution of the Conservative
and unionist International Perspectives 183
viii contents
Conclusion 201
notes 207
BiBliograPhy 241
index 253
A c k n o w l e d g m e n t s
This work has moved with me through many chapters of my life, from graduate
student to assistant professor, through multiple new jobs, and across the South-
east in a series of interstate moves. At each of these stages, I was fortunate to
receive support and assistance without which this book would not be possible.
I want to thank everyone who helped me with and through this project.
This book would not be what it is without the guidance of Don Doyle, who
patiently helped me take a few unformed ideas and turn them into something
meaningful, who provided countless suggestions for fruitful avenues of inquiry,
who helped me clarify the parameters of the project and the ideas within, and
who helped me parlay this work into a career.
This work also benefited from the mentorship of many other scholars who
have been generous with their time and assistance. My professors at the uni-
versity of Alabama and the university of South Carolina helped me develop
the knowledge and skills of a historian. In particular, my committee members
Thomas brown, Lacy Ford, and Paul Quigley helped refine my ideas and set me
on the path to this finished book. My fellow graduate students also provided
helpful advice and insight as I was shaping this project.
As this project developed from idea to research to manuscript, many friends
and colleagues have read portions of this work and shared their thoughts and
suggestions. In particular, colleagues and graduate students at the university of
Mississippi read and provided critical feedback on the newer portions of this
work. My department and administration at the university of North Georgia,
led by Jeff Pardue, have also been immensely supportive of this project, provid-
ing the support I needed to finish it. Additionally, friends and colleagues kari
Frederickson, Vernon burton, Amy Fluker, Charles Eagles, Michael Woods,
David Prior, Thomas Scarritt, beatrice burton, and kathryn Tucker have pro-
vided significant support for this work or my career.
The earliest ideas for this project originated when I studied abroad in Venice,
Italy, while an undergraduate at Wake Forest; I immediately fell in love with
Italy and knew I wanted to study connections between Italy and the South. Such
an opportunity would not have been possible without the help of Thomas Phil-
lips and randal hall, then scholarship directors at Wake Forest, who mentored
me through my undergraduate career and early historical research.