Mechanics of Composite Materials and Structures

524 Pages·1999·20.666 MB·English

by  J. N. Reddy (auth.), Carlos A. Mota Soares, Cristóvão M. Mota Soares, Manuel J. M. Freitas (eds.)

Mechanics of Composite Materials and Structures
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Series E: Mathematical and Physical Sciences - Vol. 361
Mechanics of Composite
Materials and Structures
edited by
Carlos A. Mota Soares
Cristov80 M. Mota Soares
and
Manuel J.M. Freitas
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Instituto Superior Tecnico,
Technical University of Lisbon,
Portugal
..
Springer-Science+Business Media, B.V.
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on
Mechanics of Composite Materials and Structures
Tr6ia, Portugal
July 12-24, 1998
A C.l. P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 978-0-7923-5871-8 ISBN 978-94-011-4489-6 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-4489-6
Printed on acid-free paper
Ali Rights Reserved
© 1999 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1999
Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover 1st edition 1999
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in
any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or
by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the
copyright owner.
NATO ADVANCED STUDY INSTITUTE
Mechanics of Composite Materials and Structures
Troia, Portugal
12-24 July, 1998
Main Sponsor
NATO - North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Scientific and Environmental Affairs
Division
Other Sponsors
ONREUR - Office of Naval Research International Field Office
ADTRANZ Portugal
FCT - Fun~ para a Ciencia e Tecnologia
FLAD - Fund~ Luso-Americana para 0 Desenvolvimento
NSF - National Science Foundation
SOOAP AL - Sociedade Grafica de pajA
BPA - Banco Portugues do Atlantico
ITS - Junta de Turismo de Setilbal
Rank Xerox Portugal
1ST - Instituto Superior Tecnico
IDMEC - Instituto de Engenharia Mecinica
Director
Prof. Carlos A. Mota Soares, Technical University of Lisbon, Portugal
Organizing Committee
Prof. Carlos A. Mota Soares, Technical University of Lisbon, Portugal
Prot: T.W. Chou, University of Delaware, USA
Prot: J.N. Reddy, University of Texas A&M, USA
Dr. J.R. Starnes, NASA, USA
Prof. J.O. Williams, University of London, U.K.
Local Organizing Committee
Prot: Carlos A. Mota Soares, Technical University of Lisbon, Portugal
Prot: Joaquim Infimte Barbosa, Nautical School Infante Dom Henrique, Portugal
Prof. Manuel J.M. Freitas, Technical University of Lisbon, Portugal
Prot: Crist6vao M. Mota Soares, Technical University of Lisbon, Portugal
CONTENTS
Preface ix
List of Participants xi
List of Contributors xix
Theory and Analysis of Laminated Composite Plates
J.N. Reddy
Micromechanics Analysis of Composite Materials
A.S.D. Wang 81
Predictim of the Effective Damage Properties and Failure Properties of Non Linear
Anisotropic Discontinuous Reinforced Composites
K. DaTim, J. Fitoussi, G. Guo and D. Baptiste 131
Mechanics of Tbree-Dimmsiooal Textile Structural Composites: Processing
Tsu-Wei Cllouand TimothyD. Kostar 151
Mechanics ofTbree-Dimmsiooal Textile Structw"al Composites: Analysis
Tsu-Wei Cllou and Timothy D. Kostar 163
Mechanics ofThree-Dimmsional Textile Structural Composites: Performance Modeling
Tsu-Wei 01011 and Kishore Pochiraju 173
Testing and Modeling of IneIastic Behavior of Fibrous Composites
C.T. Sm 183
Characterizatim of Strain Rate-Depmdmt Behavior in Polymeric Composites
C.T.Sm 195
A Treatmmt of Interfacial Cracks in the Presmce of Frictim
C.T. Sm and W. Qian 205
Impact and High Rate Testing of Composites: An Overview
B.RK.BlackmanandJ.G. Williams 215
Impact and High Rate Testing of Composites: High Rate Delamination Testing
B.RK. Blackman and J.G. Williams 225
Composite for Marine Applications
Part 1. Testing of Materials and Structures for Surface Vessels
P. Davies 235
Composite for Marine Applications
Part 2. Underwater Structures
P. Davies and P. Cllauchot 249
Examples Co Non-Destructive Testing of Glass-and Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced
Polymer-Matrix Composites
A.I. BrIDlner, 1. Neuenschwander 261
Towards Standardised InterIaminar Fracture Tests for Unidirectional Fiber-Reinforced
Polymer-Matrix Composites
A.J. BrIDlner 279
Advantages and Disadvantages of Thermoset and Thermoplastic Matrices for Continuous
Fibre Composites
A.Cervenka 289
viii
Hygrothennal Ageing of Glass Reinforced Composite Pipes
A.Cervenka 299
Composite Pipes Based on Thermoplastic Matrices Reinforced by Continuous Fibres
A.Cervenka 309
Impact Damage of Composite Structures
M. de Freitas and L. Reis 319
Remarks 00 Linear and Nonlinear Variational Design Sensitivity Analysis
F.-J. Barthold 331
Remarks 00 Computing the Energy Release Rate and its Sensitivities
F.-J. Barthold and S. Mesecke 341
Some Remarks 00 Robust Design
F.-J. Barthold and S. Mesecke 351
Optimization of Thin-WaIled Structures
E. Stein and F.-J. Barthold 361
Theory and Computation of Multilayer Composites
E. Stein and J. Tessmer 369
Theory and Computation of Damage and Failure of Composites
E. SteinandJ. Tessmer 379
Optimal Design of Composite Structures with Integrated Piezoelectric Laminae
Victor M Franco Correia, Crist6vio M. Mota Soares and Carlos A. Mota Soares 389
Optimization of Composite Structures Using Response Surface Approximations
R T. Haftka, R Vitali and B.V. Sankar 409
Genetic Algorithms for Optimization of Composite Laminates
R T. Haftka 431
Identification Techniques in Composite Laminates
Pauli Pedersen 443
Sensitivity Analysis and Inverse Problems for Laminates and Materials
Pauli Pedersen 453
Asymptotic Approach to Optimal Structural Design with Brittle-Fracture ConsIraints
Part I: Prototype Problem
N.V. Banichuk 465
Asymptotic Approach to Optimal Structural Design with Brittle-Fracture Constraints
Part 2: Deterministic and Stochastic Problems
N.V. Banichuk 477
Some Composite Structures Experiences at NASA Langley Research Center
James H Starnes, Jr. and Damodar R Ambur 489
Prospects os Smart Structures for Future Airaaft
K. W. Dittrich 509
PREFACE
This book contains the edited version of the lectures presented at the NATO Advanced Study Institute
on Mechanics of Composite Materials and Structures, held in Tr6ia, Portugal, 12-24th of July 1998 and
organized by IDMEC - Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Technical
University of Lisbon. The Institute was attended by 102 participants from 21 countries, including
leading scientists and engineering staff from universities, research institutions and industry and Ph.D.
students. Some participants presented invited and contributed papers during the Institute and almost all
participated actively in discussions on scientific and technological aspects during the Institute.
The Advanced Study Institute provided the first opportunity for internationally recognized researchers
and engineers to present the foundations, current state of art, recent development and directions of
research of all essential techniques related to mechanics of composite materials and structures. The
Institute provided a forum for interaction among eminent scientists and engineers from different
schools of thought and young researchers, leading to future increase in the international collaboration
in research in composites materials and structures.
The Institute addressed the foundations and current state of art of the mechanics of composite materials
and structures. Special emphasis was placed on classic and recent developed theories of composite
laminated beams, plates and shells, micromechanics, impact and damage analysis, mechanics of textile
structural composites, high strain rate testing and non-destructive testing of composite materials and
structures. Topics of growing importance were addressed, such as: numerical methods and
optimization, identffication and damage monitoring, and homogenization techniques for composite
materials and structures. The state of the art for modeling of smart composite materials, optimal
design with advanced materials, software codes and industrial applications was also presented.
The edited version of the majority of papers presented at the Advanced Study Institute will be
published this year in a Special Issue of the Journal of Computers and Structures and in a current issue
of the Journal of Mechanics of Composite Materials and Structures.
Without the sponsorship and financial support of the Scientific and Environmental Affairs Division of
NATO, the Advanced Study Institute and this book would not have been possible. The financial
support of all other sponsors contributed decisively to the success of the Institute.
The Editors deeply appreciated all the advice and help in organizing the Institute given by Prof. Luis
Veiga da Cunha of the Scientific and Environmental Affairs Division of NATO. The Editors are also
indebted to all members of the organizing committee (prof. T.W. Chou, Prof. J.N. Reddy, Dr. J.H.
Starnes and Prof. J.G. Williams) for all the outstanding work that led to a very successful Institute. We
are also grateful to all authors for their effort in writing the lectures and papers in time, allowing this
book to be published as planned.
Special thanks to IDMEC staff, Mrs. Andrea Marques and Mr. Amandio Rebelo, for their effort in
administrative planning and support of the Institute.
We are grateful to our families, for all the support given during the organization of the Institute and of
this book.
Lisbon, April 1999
Carlos A. Mota Soares
Crist6vao M. Mota Soares
Manuel J.M. Freitas
ix
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
Lectures:
Nickolay Banichuk
The Institute for Problems in Mechanics, 101, Prospect Vemadskogo
117526 Moscow, Russia
Didier Baptiste
Lab. Microstruc. M6canique des Materiaux, LMJ, 151 -Bould. de I'Hllpital, ENSAM
75640 Paris Cedex 13, France
Frau-JOIeph Barthold
Institut flIr Baumechanik \Uld Numerische, Mechanik, Universitllt Hannover
Applestrasse 9A, 30167 Hannover, Germany
Bamber R.K-BIaekmaa
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College
Exhibition Road, London SW7 2BX, United Kingdom
Aadreas J. Bnmner
EMPA, Oberlandslrasse 129
CH-8600 DObendorf; Switzerland
Tony Cervenka
University of Manchester & UMIST, Manchester Materials Science Centre
Grosvenor Street, Manchester MI 1HS, United Kingdom
Tau-Wei Chou
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Univ. of Delaware, 126, Spencer Laboratory
Newark, Delaware 19716-3140, U.S.A
Peter Davies
IFREMER -Laboratoire Materiaux Marins, IFREMER-DITlIGOIMM
BP-70, 29280 Plouzane, France
Raphael Haftka
Univ. of Florida, Dept. Aerospace En808., P.O.Box 116250.231 Aerospace Building
Gainesville, FL 32611-6250, U.S.A
Noboru Kikuehi
University of Michigan, Dept. Mech. En808. Applied Mech.
Computational Mech. Lab., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2215, U.S.A.
Pauli Pedersen
Technical UniversityofDerunark, Dept. of Solid Mechanics, Building 404
DK-2800 Lyngby, Derunark
J.N.Reddy
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station
Texas 77843-3123, U.S.A.
Carlos A. Mots Soares
IDMECIIST, Av. Rovisco Pais
1049-00 1 Lisboa, Portugal
James Stsrnes
NASA Langley Res. Ctr •• Mail Stop 190
Hampton, Virginia, VA 23681-2199. U.S.A
xi
xii
Erwin Stein
Universitl!t Hannover, Inst. of Civil Engng. and Numerical Mechanics,
Applestrasse 9A, D -30167 Hannover, Gennany
C. T.Suo
Purdue University, School of Aeronautics & Astronautics,
West Lafayette, IN 47907-1282, U.S.A.
Albert S. Wang
Drexel University, College of Engineering, Dept. Mechanical Engng. & Mechanics
32 nd & Chestnut Streets, Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.A.
CarlZweben
Lockheed Martin Missiles & Space, Advanced Technology Manager
230 Mall Blvd. King of Prussia, PA 19406, U.S.A.
Participants:
MemisAcar
Loughborough University, Depart. Mechanical Engineering
Loughborough Leics, LEI I 3TU, United Kingdom
Robert D. Adams
University ofBristoI, Dept Mech. Engng.
Queen's Building, University Walk, Bristol BSS I TR, United Kingdom
Georges Akhras
Royal Military College of Canada, Civil Engineering Dept.
P.O.Box 17000, STN Forces, Kingston, Ontario, ON K7K 7B4, Canada
NuriAkkas
Middle East Technical University, Department of Engineering Sciences
Ankara, 06531, Turkey
Aurelio Araujo
IDMEClIST, Av. Roviseo Pais
1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
Mette Bagge
Technical University of Denmark, Department of Solid Mechanics
Building 404, DK - 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
William M. Banks
University ofStrathclyde, Department of Mechanical Engineering
James Weir Building, 75 Montrose Street, Glasgow G I IXJ, United Kingdom
Joaquim Infante Barbosa
Escola Nautica Infante D. Henrique, Av. Bonneville Franco
Pa~ de Arcos, 2780 Oeiras, Portugal
Maria Helena Barros
Faculdade Ciencias e Tecoologia, Universidade de Coimbra -DEC
Pinhal de Marrocos, 3049 Coimbra Codex, Portugal
Ayech Benjeddou
Cooservatoir Nationale des Arts et Metiers, Struct. Mech. & Systems Lab.
2, Rue Conte, F -75003 Paris, France
Asghar Bhatti
University of Iowa, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engng.
Iowa City, Iowa 52242, U.S.A.