Table Of ContentUday S. Dixit
Santosha Kumar Dwivedy Editors
Mechanical
Sciences
The Way Forward
Mechanical Sciences
Uday S. Dixit Santosha Kumar Dwivedy
(cid:129)
Editors
Mechanical Sciences
The Way Forward
123
Editors
Uday S.Dixit SantoshaKumar Dwivedy
Department ofMechanical Engineering Department ofMechanical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
Guwahati, India Guwahati, India
ISBN978-981-15-5711-8 ISBN978-981-15-5712-5 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5712-5
©SpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd.2021
Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart
of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations,
recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission
orinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar
methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this
publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfrom
therelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse.
The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this
book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the
authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained
hereinorforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregard
tojurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations.
ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd.
The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721,
Singapore
A Compendium to Commemorate the Silver
Jubilee of the Mechanical Engineering
Department Indian Institute of Technology
Guwahati
Editorial Advisory Board
Amitabha Ghosh, Formerly Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
A. K. Mallik, Formerly Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
Gautam Biswas, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
A. K. Dass, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
U. K. Saha, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
R. Ganesh Narayanan, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
M. S. Shunmugam, Indian Institute of Technology Madras
G. K. Ananthasuresh, Indian Institute of Science
P. K. Das, Indian Institute of Technology Khargapur
Sanjay Mittal, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
S. S. Pande, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
Amit Agrawal, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
P. M. Pandey, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
J. Paulo Davim, University of Aveiro
Vadim V. Silberschmidt, Loughborough University
v
About Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati was established in September 1994
as the sixth IIT of the country. The academic programs of IIT Guwahati started in
1995 with three departments—(1) Computer Science and Engineering,
(2) Electronics and Communication Engineering, and(3) Mechanical Engineering;
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering was later renamed as
ElectronicsandElectricalEngineering.Atpresent,theInstitutehas11departments
and 5 inter-disciplinary academic centers covering engineering, science, and
humanities disciplines, offering B. Tech., B.Des., M.A., M.Des., M.Tech., M.Sc.,
andPh.D.programs.Withinaquarter-century,IITGuwahatihasbeenabletobuild
up world class infrastructure for carrying out advanced research and has been
equipped with state-of-the-art scientific and engineering instruments. Starting with
64 students in 1995, student strength has crossed 6100 (more than 2700 under-
graduatestudents).Therearemorethan400facultymemberstonurturethestudents
and carry out high-quality research. Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati’s
campusisona285hectaresplotoflandonthenorthbankoftheriverBrahmaputra,
whichisaround19kmfromtheGuwahatiRailwayStationand23kmfromairport.
WiththemajesticBrahmaputraononeside,andwithhillsandvastopenspaceson
others, the campus provides an ideal setting for learning.
vii
viii AboutIndianInstituteofTechnologyGuwahati
About Department of Mechanical Engineering,
IIT Guwahati
The Department of Mechanical Engineering is one of the largest and oldest
departmentsofIndianInstituteofTechnologyGuwahati.Itstartedin1995withan
intake of 16 students. Presently, it has about 400 undergraduate and 450 post-
graduate students. There are about 45 faculty members in the department.
Department offers a B.Tech. program in Mechanical Engineering and an M.Tech.
Program in Mechanical Engineering with specialization in the following five
streams: (1) Aerodynamics and Propulsion, (2) Manufacturing Science and
Engineering,(3)ComputationalMechanics,(4)MachineDesign,and(5)Fluidsand
Thermal. It has about 250 Ph.D. students working in the cutting edge areas of
mechanical engineering.
Department of Mechanical Engineering has a state-of-the-art workshop and
severallaboratories.Amechatronicslaboratorywaswellestablishedin2000itself.
Presently,anumberofprojectsarebeingexecutedinthearea ofmechatronics and
robotics.Inthemanufacturingarea,researchactivitiesaregoingonwelding,metal
forming, and advanced manufacturing such as laser-based manufacturing and
additive manufacturing. Thereisa stronggroup ofComputationalFluid Dynamics
(CFD)inthedepartment;experimentalactivitiesarealsobeingpursuedtovalidate
CFD models. Research is being carried out in microfluidics also. There are some
faculty members actively working in the area of energy; they are also associated
withtheEnergyCenteroftheinstitute.Otheractiveresearchareasarefiniteelement
method, nonlinear vibration, composites, and material science.
ix
x AboutDepartmentofMechanicalEngineering,IITGuwahati
Preface
MechanicalEngineeringmaybeconsideredasoldasthehumancivilization.Early
humansusedvarioustypesoftoolsmadeofstoneandwood.Inventionofwheelis
considered a landmark event in human civilization; it was extensively used in the
fourth millennium BC. Although Archimedes (287 BC-212 BC), inventor of sev-
eral machines, can be considered as the first Mechanical Engineer, mechanical
engineeringdevelopedasadistinctpracticesincetheadventofJamesWatt’ssteam
engine in the late eighteenth century. Institution of Mechanical Engineering was
formed in the UK in 1847.
MechanicalEngineeringisperhapsthemostdynamicdisciplinesofengineering.
It collaborates with almost every engineering discipline and has given birth to
several other disciplines. Traditional machines used to run with the help of water,
steam,andcombustionoffossilfuels.Eventodaytheseareusedasenergysources.
However, it is common nowadays to see active amalgamation of electrical and
electronics engineering in engines and machines. Various cyber-physical systems
areexploitingtheage-oldknowledgeofmechanicalengineeringalongwiththelatest
knowledgedevelopedinthefieldofcomputerscienceandinformationtechnology.
Inthepresentcentury,biologymayalsoplayamajorroleinmechanicalengineering.
Department of Mechanical Engineering at Indian Institute of Technology
(IIT)Guwahati,thesixthIITfoundedin1994,wasestablishedin1995.Itcatersto
the teaching of traditional mechanical engineering as well as futuristic topics. To
commemorate, its Silver Jubilee, it was decided to publish a compendium on
mechanical engineering for providing an exposure to research directions in this
ever-changing discipline. With the major support from Professor Amitabha Ghosh
and other Editorial Advisory Board members, we could compile eleven articles
written by the leading experts in mechanical engineering. Articles cover important
gamut of mechanical engineering—solid mechanics, fluid mechanics, and
manufacturing.
The first article by Amitabha Ghosh throws light on the birth of mechanical
engineering and speculates its future. The article argues that early steam-powered
prime movers developed in seventeenth–eighteenth century triggered the birth of
mechanical engineering. In the future, synthetic biology, molecular engineering,
xi
