Manual of Central American Diptera, Vol. 2

746 Pages·2010·52.093 MB·1442\746

by  B.V. Brown

National Research Conseil national Vol. 2 Manual of Central
Council Canada de recherches Canada
American Diptera
True flies, or Diptera, are an exceedingly diverse and A M
tremendously important group of animals, not only
because of their impact on human health, but also m a
because of their varied roles as decomposers, herbivores,
n
predators, and parasites of other animals. This two- e
volume book, a collaboration of over 70 experts on u
r Volume 2
Diptera, is the first-ever resource for the identification and
i a
understanding of Central American flies. Together, the two
c
l
volumes treat all 106 families of flies found in the region,
a
including discussions of biology, economic importance, o
n
classification, identification to the genus level, as well as
f
a synopsis of each genus. In a time of major ecosystem

destruction, this work provides the basis for understanding D C
edited by:
the biodiversity of one of the major orders of insects in a
i e
large tropical region. It will be the foundation for future B.V. Brown (head editor)
p
taxonomic studies for decades to come. n
A. Borkent
t
t
While Volume 1 includes several introductory chapters and e J.M. Cumming
r
treats 42 families of flies in the Lower Diptera, Volume 2 r D.M. Wood
a
covers the remaining 64 families of flies that make
a
up the Higher Diptera (or Cyclorrhapha). These include l N.E. Woodley
families of house flies, fruit flies, bot flies, flower flies and M.A. Zumbado
many other lesser-known groups. The text is accompanied
by over 1660 line drawings and photographs.
Brown
Borkent
Cumming
Wood
Woodley
Zumbado
ISBN-13 978-0-660-19958-0
ISBN 0-660-19958-0
9 780660 199580
The 113 chapters of this two-volume book represent an extraordinary collaboration of many of the world’s leading Diptera
taxonomists. Their contributions have been edited and organized by an expert committee headed by Dr. Brian V. Brown of
the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, and consisting of Dr. Art Borkent (Royal British
Columbia Museum, Victoria), Dr. Jeffrey M. Cumming, Dr. D. Monty Wood (both of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada,
Ottawa), Dr. Norman E. Woodley (USDA Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Washington, DC), and Manuel A. Zumbado
(Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Costa Rica).
Financial support for this publication was obtained from the Samuel Wendell Williston Diptera Research Fund, the Natural
History Museum of Los Angeles County, and Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada.
Front cover design by Brian Koehler.
Front cover photo: Glyphidops flavifrons (Neriidae).
Back cover photo: Palpada sp. (Syrphidae).
Insets (top to bottom): Melaloncha elongata (Phoridae); Brachydeutera sp. (Ephydridae); Hystricia amoena (Tachinidae).

A Publication of the
National Research Council of Canada
Monograph Publishing Program
Manual of Central
American Diptera
Volume 2
Edited by
B.V. Brown
Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County,
Los Angeles, California, USA
A. Borkent
Royal British Columbia Museum,
Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
J.M. Cumming
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada,
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
D.M. Wood
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada,
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
N.E. Woodley
USDA Systematic Entomology Laboratory,
Washington, DC, USA
M.A. Zumbado
Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad,
Costa Rica
NRC Research Press
Ottawa 2010
© 2010 National Research Council of Canada
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the National
Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. Printed on acid-free paper.
ISBN 978-0-660-19958-0
NRC 49739
1. CIP for print publication:
Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication
Manual of Central American Diptera. Volume 2 / edited by B.V. Brown ... [et al.].
Issued by: National Research Council Canada.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-660-19958-0 (bound)
1. Diptera--Central America--Classification. 2. Diptera--Central America
--Identification. 3. Flies--Central America--Classification. 4. Flies--Central
America--Identification. I. Brown, Brian Victor II. National Research Council
QL535.2.C35 M36 2010 595.7709728 C2010-980031-1
NRC Monograph Publishing Program
Editor: P.B. Cavers (University of Western Ontario)
Editorial Board: W.G.E. Caldwell, OC, FRSC (University of Western Ontario); M.E. Cannon, FCAE, FRSC
(University of Calgary); K.G. Davey, OC, FRSC (York University); M.M. Ferguson (University of Guelph);
S. Gubins (Annual Reviews); B.K. Hall, FRSC (Dalhousie University); P. Hicklenton Ph.D, P.Ag.; W.H. Lewis
(Washington University); A.W. May, OC (Memorial University of Newfoundland); B.P. Dancik, Editor-in-Chief,
NRC Research Press (University of Alberta)
Inquiries: Monograph Publishing Program, NRC Research Press, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa,
Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada.
Web site: http://pubs.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca
Correct citation for this publication: Brown, B.V. et al. 2010. Manual of Central American Diptera: Volume 2. NRC
Research Press, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. 728 pp.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .v
Acknowledgements for Volume 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .vii
Authors of Volume 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Figure Credits for Volume 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xv
50 PLATYPEZIDAE (flat-footed flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .715
51 LONCHOPTERIDAE (spear-winged flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .721
52 PHORIDAE (hump-backed flies, scuttle flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .725
53 SYRPHIDAE (flower flies, hover flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 763
54 PIPUNCULIDAE (big-headed flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .793
55 MICROPEZIDAE (stilt-legged flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .805
56 NERIIDAE (neriid flies, cactus flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .815
57 PSEUDOPOMYZIDAE (pseudopomyzid flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .821
58 TANYPEZIDAE (tanypezid flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .827
59 SOMATIIDAE (somatiid flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .833
60 PSILIDAE (rust flies, psilid flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .837
61 SYRINGOGASTRIDAE (syringogastrid flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .843
62 CONOPIDAE (thick-headed flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .847
63 LONCHAEIDAE (lance flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .857
64 PIOPHILIDAE (skipper flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .865
65 RICHARDIIDAE (richardiid flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .871
66 ULIDIIDAE (picture-winged flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .881
67 PLATYSTOMATIDAE (signal flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903
68 TEPHRITIDAE (fruit flies, moscas de frutas) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .909
69 PYRGOTIDAE (pyrgotid flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .955
70 CTENOSTYLIDAE (ctenostylid flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .963
71 LAUXANIIDAE (lauxaniid flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .971
72 CHAMAEMYIIDAE (chamaemyiid flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .997
73 PARALEUCOPIDAE (paraleucopid flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1009
74 COELOPIDAE (kelp flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1013
75 SCIOMYZIDAE (snail-killing flies, marsh flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1017
76 ROPALOMERIDAE (ropalomerid flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1025
77 SEPSIDAE (black scavenger flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1031
78 CLUSIIDAE (clusiid flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1041
79 ODINIIDAE (odiniid flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1049
80 AGROMYZIDAE (leaf-mining flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1057
81 ANTHOMYZIDAE (anthomyzid flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1073
v
82 AULACIGASTRIDAE (aulacigastrid flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1083
83 PERISCELIDIDAE (periscelid flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1087
84 ASTEIIDAE (asteiid flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1093
85 BRAULIDAE (beelice) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1097
86 CARNIDAE (carnid flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1101
87 INBIOMYIIDAE (inbiomyiid flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1105
88 TETHINIDAE (beach flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1109
89 CANACIDAE (surf flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1115
90 CRYPTOCHETIDAE (cryptochetid flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1121
91 MILICHIIDAE (milichiid flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1125
92 CHLOROPIDAE (frit flies, grass flies, eye gnats) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1137
93 CHYROMYIDAE (chyromyid flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1155
94 HELEOMYZIDAE (heleomyzid flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1159
95 SPHAEROCERIDAE (small dung flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1165
96 CURTONOTIDAE (hunchbacked flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1189
97 CAMILLIDAE (camillid flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1193
98 DROSOPHILIDAE (small fruit flies, pomace flies,vinegar flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1197
99 DIASTATIDAE (diastatid flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1207
100 EPHYDRIDAE (shore flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1211
101 NANNODASTIIDAE (nannodastiid beach flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1235
102 HIPPOBOSCIDAE (louse flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1241
103 STREBLIDAE (bat flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1249
104 NYCTERIBIIDAE (bat flies, spider bat flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1261
105 SCATHOPHAGIDAE (dung flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1267
106 ANTHOMYIIDAE (anthomyiid flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1271
107 FANNIIDAE (fanniid flies, latrine flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1277
108 MUSCIDAE (house flies, stable flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1281
109 CALLIPHORIDAE (blow flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1297
110 OESTRIDAE (bot flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1305
111 SARCOPHAGIDAE (flesh flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1313
112 RHINOPHORIDAE (woodlouse flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1337
113 TACHINIDAE (tachinid flies, parasitic flies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1343
TAXONOMIC INDEX TO VOLUME 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1419
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS FOR VOLUME 2
Brian V. Brown
General acknowledgments arranging the plates, altering digital images, and providing
new images when necessary were all executed with impeccable
The Manual of Central American Diptera project was a precision, talent, and punctuality. We all wish we could have
large and complex endeavor, whose success was determined such illustrators working for us full time. Funding for illus-
by many people. The project was an outgrowth of the Biodi- trations was obtained in part from the Samuel Wendell
versity Resources Development Project, which consisted of Williston Diptera Research Fund (courtesy of Chris Thompson)
two initiatives: the country-wide inventory for Costa Rica, and from Monty Wood.
and the taxon-based special projects. Work in Costa Rica Permission to use illustrations from other sources for both
was funded in part by support to INBio by the Biodiversity volumes was obtained by Giar-Ann Kung.
Resources Development Project (CR-GE-39876), funded by We thank the staff at NRC Press, especially Rob Forrest,
Global Environment Facility (GEF) through its implementing Thad Costigan, and Suzanne Kettley, for working with us to
agency the World Bank. To coordinate this effort, INBio produce the two book volumes. We appreciate all the work
arranged a meeting of interested dipterists at Monteverde, that they put into making this a quality product.
Costa Rica, in May 1998. It was decided that international As scientists, we are all grateful to Costa Rica’s Sistema
collaborators would help train the Diptera parataxonomists
Nacional de Areas de Conservación (Ministry of the Envi-
and that the taxon-based special project would be a “Manual
ronment) for their conservation efforts that preserve 25% of
of the Costa Rican Diptera.” A second meeting was held in
Costa Rica´s territory for Diptera and other wildlife.
June 2000, again at Monteverde, followed by parataxonomist
training at Albergue Heliconias. A third major meeting took
place on August 10–11, 2001 at Rincon on the Osa Peninsula, Further acknowledgments by authors
Costa Rica. At this meeting, it was proposed and accepted
that the scope and title of the manual be changed to “Manual Peter Chandler (Platypezidae) thanks Chris Thompson
of Central American Diptera.” Further organizational meetings and Norm Woodley for enabling him to examine material
were held in Riosparaiso in February 2003 and a smaller one from Central and South America.
at Nacientes Palmichal (editorial committee only), February For support of research associated with this project,
2004. Brian Brown (Phoridae) gratefully acknowledges USA
I am extraordinarily indebted to all the authors of chapters, National Science Foundation (NSF) grants DEB-9407190,
who provided authoritative reviews of their groups. For DEB-0090031, DEB-0315271, DEB-0516420, as well
Volume 2, I am especially thankful for the work of Matthias
as NSF support of the Arthropods of La Selva project (to
Buck and Steve Marshall, both of whom tackled large
Robert Colwell and Jack Longino). Henry Disney and Sibylle
“orphaned” groups not of their immediate expertise, essentially
Noack provided helpful reviews of the phorid chapter. For
becoming experts from the ground up.
long-time friendship and camaraderie in Costa Rica, I am
The editorial committee has provided an incredible level
grateful to Paul Hanson and Carolina Godoy. For assistance
of expertise and support in making this volume possible. Art
in the laboratory and the field, I thank Vladimir Berezovskiy,
Borkent, Jeff Cumming, Monty Wood, Norm Woodley, and
Emily Corona, Lisa Gonzalez, Giar-Ann Kung, Wendy Porras,
Manuel Zumbado all sacrificed their valuable time to look
Claus Rasmussen, Kelly Walker, and Elvia Zumbado. Illus-
over various versions, make corrections, give opinions, and
trations and cover design were expertly rendered by Brian
help organize this massive undertaking.
Koehler. Scanning electron micrographs were produced by
The scientific staff at INBio, Manuel Zumbado, Guillermo
Giar-Ann Kung.
Chaverri, Elvia Zumbado, Annia Picado, as well as Alvaro
Matthias Buck (Neriidae, Psilidae, and others) was funded by
Herrera, were tremendously helpful and vital to the successful
various Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council
conclusion of this project. All of the editors and authors of
the various chapters are particularly grateful for their mak- (NSERC) of Canada grants to Steve Marshall.
ing the collection and facilities of INBio available to visiting Owen Lonsdale (Somatiidae, Clusiidae) had research
researchers, facilitating collecting permits, and arranging funded by an NSERC grant awarded to him and an NSERC
meetings. Furthermore, the contributions of all the paratax- Discovery Grant awarded to Steve Marshall.
onomists at INBio in sampling Costa Rican biodiversity and For support of research associated with this project,
building the Diptera collection is gratefully acknowledged. Stephen Gaimari (Lauxaniidae, Chamaemyiidae, Odiniidae)
Illustrators Ana Brenes and Ricardo Vargas (both of gratefully acknowledges NSF grant DEB-0075206 to
INBio) were also vital people in this project. Their tasks of S. Gaimari.
vii
viii MANUAL OF CENTRAL AMERICAN DIPTERA — VOLUME 2
For support of research associated with this project, Vera John Swann (Milichiidae) thanks Dr. G.G.E. Scudder and
Silva (Lauxaniidae, Sepsidae) gratefully acknowledges Dr. W. Maddison, The University of British Columbia (UBC),
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo for providing him with the space necessary to complete his
(FAPESPS) grants Procs. 94/2031-8, 94/4805-0, 97/13984-5, chapter; Ms. K. Needham and Dr. R. Kenner, UBC, are thanked
and 03/10274‑9. for their comments on earlier drafts of his manuscript.
Stephanie Boucher (Agromyzidae) thanks M. von Tsch- Thomas Pape (Sarcophagidae, Oestridae, Rhinophori-
irnhaus for his comments and suggestions on the key, as dae) thanks Mrs. E. Binkiewicz, Mrs. P. von Knorring, and
well as M. Sasakawa, V.V. Zlobin, and O. Lonsdale for re- Mr. M. Meldert, all from Stockholm, Sweden, for producing
viewing the key, and T.A. Wheeler for his comments on the illustrations.
chapter. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommenda-
Jindřich Roháček (Anthomyzidae) acknowledges fi- tions expressed in this book are those of the author(s) and
nancial support from grants No. 206/03/0020 and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science
No. 206/06/0287 of the Czech Science Foundation. Foundation.
AUTHORS OF VOLUME 2
Kyle Apigian, Division of Insect Biology, Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley,
CA, 94720, USA.
Kevin N. Barber, Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste.
Marie, ON, P6A 2E5, Canada.
E-mail: [email protected].
Stéphanie Boucher, Lyman Entomological Museum, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada.
E-mail: [email protected].
Brian V. Brown, Entomology Section, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles,
CA, 90007, USA.
E-mail: [email protected].
Matthias Buck, Invertebrate Zoology, Royal Alberta Museum, 12845-102nd Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T5N 0M6, Canada.
E-mail: [email protected].
Sidney Camras, Field Museum, Insect Division, Roosevelt Road, at Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL, 60605-2496, USA.
Peter J. Chandler, 606B Berryfield Lane, Melksham, Wilts SN12 6EL, United Kingdom.
E-mail: [email protected].
Gregory A. Dahlem, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY, 41099, USA.
E-mail: [email protected].
Carl W. Dick, Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Blvd. #11080, Bowling Green, KY, 42101-1080, USA.
E-mail: [email protected].
Amnon Freidberg, Department of Zoology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
E-mail: [email protected].
Stephen D. Gaimari, California State Collection of Arthropods, California Department of Food and Agriculture / Plant Pest Diagnostics,
3294 Meadowview Road, Sacramento, CA, 95832-1448, USA.
E-mail: [email protected].
Gustavo Graciolli, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Departamento de Biologia,
Cidade Universitária s/n, Cidade Universitária, 79070-900 Campo Grande, Caixa-Postal 549, MS, Brazil.
E-mail: [email protected].
David Grimaldi, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th St., New York, NY, 10024-5192, USA.
E-mail: [email protected].
E. Geoffrey Hancock, Hunterian Museum, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK.
E-mail: [email protected].
Vicente Hernández-Ortiz, Red de Interacciones Multitróficas, Instituto de Ecología, A. C. Km 2.5 carretera antigua a Coatepec N° 351,
Congregación El Haya, Apartado Postal 63, Xalapa, Veracruz, 91070, México.
E-mail: [email protected].
Sergio Ibáñez-Bernal, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Ecología Animal, Instituto de Ecología, A. C. Km 2.5 carretera antigua a Coatepec
N° 351, Congregación El Haya, Apartado Postal 63, Xalapa, Veracruz, 91070, México.
E-mail: [email protected].
Elena P. Kameneva, General and Applied Entomology Section, I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, Bogdan Chmielnicki 15,
01601, Kiev, Ukraine.
E-mail: [email protected].
Ashley H. Kirk-Spriggs, Department of Entomology, National Museum, P.O. Box 266, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; and Department of
Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa.
E-mail: [email protected].
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