Table Of Content‘How effectively can the EU respond to the wide array of challenges to global and
regional security it faces? This impressive collection of essays provides unique
insights into the capacities for and constraints on EU crisis management’.
— Richard Caplan, Professor of International Relations, Oxford University
‘As an integral part of the western bloc, the EU confronts a range of challenges as
it attempts to manage crises on its frontiers and in former imperial spheres. This
timely collection of essays offers important insights into the EU’s peace opera-
tions and its Common Security and Defence Policy’.
— Michael Pugh, Visiting Professor, Institute of Management Research,
Centre for Conflict Analysis and Management, Radboud University Nijmegen,
and Emeritus Professor, University of Bradford
‘Through a combination of wide-ranging conceptual papers and a series of
empirical studies of EU operations, this book offers a serious and comprehen-
sive account of the difficult emergence of an EU strategic vision for defence and
security. A must-read for anyone interested in EU security studies, the making of
institutional strategic culture and the management of international crises’.
— Thierry Tardy, Senior Analyst, EU Institute for Security Studies
‘ With crises encroaching on the borders of the European Union – while Europe is
primarily preoccupied with its own concerns – this book could not be more topical
or relevant. The various outlooks of the EU countries complicate the process of
developing a strategic EU vision for defence and security, let alone integrating
such policies into a comprehensive approach, a task that even traditional nation
states find difficult. M anaging Crises, Making Peace focuses on one of the EU’s main
tools: relatively small civilian and military missions. Although these missions are
very important to conflict management, they may fail to provide the EU with
the capacity to act rapidly when large international crises occur. This book asks
relevant questions about the EU’s aims, ambitions, (exit) strategies, and (compre-
hensive) approaches and about how the EU relates to other actors in the field. By
looking at these issues theoretically and by analysing a broad variety of empirical
case studies at the implementation level, the book highlights issues that facilitate
or hamper the construction of the EU’s vision for and role in peace operations. It
illustrates the many issues that remain to be solved before the EU will be able to
sustainably stabilise its neighbourhood, let alone areas further afield, and offers
valuable insights for scholars and policymakers alike.’
— Jaïr van der Lijn, Head of the Peace Operations and Conflict Management Team
at the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI)
Rethinking Peace and Conflict Studies
Series Editor: Oliver P. Richmond, University of Manchester, UK
This agenda-setting series of research monographs, now more than a decade old,
provides an interdisciplinary forum aimed at advancing innovative new agendas
for approaches to, and understandings of, peace and conflict studies and inter-
national relations. Many of the critical volumes the series has so far hosted have
contributed to new avenues of analysis directly or indirectly related to the search
for positive, emancipatory and hybrid forms of peace. New perspectives on peace-
making in practice and in theory, their implications for the international peace
architecture and different conflict-affected regions around the world, remain
crucial. This series’ contributions offer both theoretical and empirical insights
into many of the world’s most intractable conflicts and any subsequent attempts
to build a new and more sustainable peace, responsive to the needs and norms of
those who are its subjects.
Titles include:
Maria Grazia Galantino and Maria Raquel Freire (Editors)
MANAGING CRISES, MAKING PEACE
Towards a Strategic EU Vision for Security and Defence
Christopher Ankersen
THE POLITICS OF CIVIL–MILITARY COOPERATION
Canada in Bosnia, Kosovo, and Afghanistan
Thushara Dibley
PARTNERSHIPS, POWER AND PEACEBUILDING
NGOs as Agents of Peace in Aceh and Timor-Leste
Sara McDowell and Maire Braniff
COMMEMORATION AS CONFLICT
Space, Memory and Identity in Peace Processes
Dorly Castaneda
THE EUROPEAN APPROACH TO PEACEBUILDING
Civilian Tools for Peace in Colombia and Beyond
Sofia Sebastián Aparicio
POST-WAR STATEBUILDING AND CONSTITUTIONAL REFORM IN DIVIDED
SOCIETIES
Beyond Dayton in Bosnia
Amaia Sánchez-Cacicedo
BUILDING STATES, BUILDING PEACE
Global and Regional Involvement in Sri Lanka and Myanmar
Stefanie Kappler
LOCAL AGENCY AND PEACEBUILDING
EU and International Engagement in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Cyprus and South
Africa
Managing Crises, Making
Peace
Towards a Strategic EU Vision for
Security and Defence
Edited by
Maria Grazia Galantino
University of Rome, Unitelma Sapienza, Italy
and
Maria Raquel Freire
University of Coimbra, Portugal
COST is supported by the EU Framework
Programme Horizon 2020
Editorial matter, introduction, conclusion and selection
© Maria Grazia Galantino and Maria Raquel Freire 2015
Individual chapters © Contributors 2015
All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this
publication may be made without written permission.
No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted
save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence
permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency,
Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS.
Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication
may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.
The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work
in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
First published 2015 by
PALGRAVE MACMILLAN
Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited,
registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke,
Hampshire RG21 6XS.
Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC,
175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010.
Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies
and has companies and representatives throughout the world.
Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States,
the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries.
ISBN: 978–1–137–44224–6
This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully
managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing
processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the
country of origin.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Managing crises, making peace : towards a strategic EU vision for security and
defense / [edited by] Maria Raquel Freire (assistant professor, University of
Coimbra, Portugal), Maria Grazia Galantino (assistant professor of sociology,
Sapienza University of Rome, Italy).
pages cm. — (Rethinking peace and conflict studies)
ISBN 978–1–137–44224–6 (hardback)
1. National security – European Union countries. 2. Security,
International. 3. European Union countries – Defenses. 4. European Union
countries – Military policy. 5. European Union countries – Foreign relations.
6. European Union – Political activity. 7. Crisis management in government
– European Union countries. 8. Peacekeeping forces – European Union
countries. 9. Peace-building – European Union countries. 10. Peace-
building, European. I. Freire, Maria Raquel, 1973– II. Galantino, Maria Grazia.
UA646.M365 2015
3559.03354—dc23 2014038191
This publication is supported by COST
Neither the COST Association nor any person acting on its behalf is
responsible for the use which might be made of the information
contained in this publication. The COST Association is not responsible for
the external websites referred to in this publication.
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Contents
List of Illustrations ix
COST x
Notes on Contributors xi
List of Abbreviations xiii
1 Introduction: The Role of the EU in International
Peace and Security 1
Maria Raquel Freire and Maria Grazia Galantino
Part I Conceptual Approaches to EU Crisis Management
2 Peacekeeping between Politics and Society 2 1
Fabrizio Battistelli
3 CSDP and Democratic Legitimacy: Public Opinion’s
Support in Times of Crisis 46
Maria Grazia Galantino
4 Women in Peace Operations 69
Helena Carreiras
5 EU–NATO Relations in Crisis Management Operations:
The Practice of Informality 91
Margriet Drent
6 A Functional Approach to the Construction of Peace:
Including Natural Resources Management in
(the Design of) EU Peace Operations 111
Bruno Hellendorff
7 Analysis of Stakeholders and Groups of Interests in
Conducting European Union Peace Operations 131
Tsvetan Tsvetkov
Part II The EU in the Field
8 EULEX Kosovo: A Test of the EU’s Civilian Crisis Management 157
M arjan Malešič
vii
viii Contents
9 The EU’s Role in Crisis Management: The Case of the EUMM 178
Maria Raquel Freire, Paula Duarte Lopes and Daniela Nascimento
10 Civilian Entities in EU Missions: A Comparison of the
Slovenian, Italian, Belgian and Danish Approaches 196
Jelena Juvan and Janja Vuga
11 EURFOR Chad/CAR Mission on the Protection of Civilians:
A Distinctive EU Way to Peace Operations 2 16
Cristina Churruca
12 EUTM Mali: A Rapid Response Operation Launched in an
Open Conflict 236
Bérangère Rouppert
13 The EU and Multilateral Peace Operations: After Afghanistan 255
Anthony King
14 Conclusion: Towards a Strategic EU Vision for
Security and Defence 275
Maria Grazia Galantino and Maria Raquel Freire
Index 291
List of Illustrations
Figures
2.1 Peace support operations: position in the military
operations’ system and their internal articulation 22
2.2 The three analytical levels of PSOs 24
3.1 What is your opinion on each of the following
statements? 53
3.2 What is your opinion on each of the following
statements? 59
7.1 Applicability of the identification of stakeholders in the
implementation of operation ALTHEA 145
7.2 Matrix ‘power/interest’ for analysis of stakeholders
in the implementation of operation ALTHEA 148
7.3 Summarised experts’ opinions on risk attitude of
stakeholders in the execution of operation ALTHEA 149
Tables
2.1 Definitions of peace support operations 26
2.2 Comparing peace support operations of first and
second generations 3 2
4.1 Women in the military component of UN
peacekeeping operations (January 2014) 77
4.2 Percentage of female soldiers in the armed forces of
NATO and in operations (2012) 78
7.1 Summary view of experts on the applicability of tools
for identification of stakeholders in the implementation
of operation ALTHEA 144
7.2 Expert opinions on the degree of interest and the power
of influence of stakeholders in the implementation of
operation ALTHEA 147
10.1 The deployment of Slovenian CFSs (2007–2012) 200
10.2 Slovenian police in international civilian operations
and missions (1997–2012) 201
10.3 Comparison of the chosen countries’ participation
in the EU-led missions 210
ix
