Table Of ContentClaremont Colleges
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CMC Senior Teses CMC Student Scholarship
2018
Learning to Live and Love Virtuously
Henry DeRuf
Recommended Citation
DeRuf, Henry, "Learning to Live and Love Virtuously" (2018). CMC Senior Teses. 1880.
htp://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1880
Tis Open Access Senior Tesis is brought to you by
Claremont McKenna College
Learning to Live and Love Virtuously
submitted to
Professor Paul Hurley
by
Henry DeRuff
for
Senior Thesis
Spring 2018
rd
April 23 , 2018
Abstract
John Stuart Mill and Immanuel Kant authored two of the most famous pieces of work in
ethical theory (Utilitarianism and Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, respectively),
yet both fail for various reasons to give us direction by way of living good lives. This thesis
begins by outlining those shortcomings, before offering Aristotelian virtue ethics as the
solution. Virtue ethics, as conceived by Aristotle, Alasdair MacIntyre, and Julia Annas,
delineates a process – grounded in our real lives – by which we may improve as people and
therefore flourish, or live good, moral lives: the habituation of the virtues. Importantly,
virtue ethics is a process, (not a set of outcomes) and is teachable, which distinguishes it
from the other two theories. In developing the virtues, we are able to discover goods
internal to the practices that define our lives, whether those are our work, our school, our
relationships, or something else entirely. Furthermore, the virtue-ethical approach helps us
learn from and grow in our emotional lives, as opposed to casting emotions aside as a
skewing force contrary to morality. Virtue, as I will show, lays the groundwork for love,
and therefore for flourishing relationships across our lives. In the final chapter, I examine
a place where virtue and virtuous love are effectively taught and embraced: Camp Lanakila,
in Fairlee, VT. I conclude by offering some takeaways from Lanakila that we may
incorporate in our schools, our places of work and worship, our families, and our lives.
Acknowledgements
There are many people I would like to thank for helping me and supporting me in the
process of writing this thesis.
First and foremost, I would like to thank Paul Hurley, my reader, for so much: thank you
for being patient, understanding, and honest with me when I missed deadlines, and for
giving me straightforward feedback when my ideas were headed in the wrong direction.
Thank you for being my philosophical sounding board – I enjoyed every one of our
meetings throughout the year, and always came away with a better grasp of the concepts
with which I was grappling. Finally, thank you for being an inspiring professor – your
classes, ultimately, were the reason I wrote a thesis in ethical theory.
Next, I would like to thank the community of Camp Lanakila, for helping me to grow every
day that I spent there, and every day since. The values and structure of Camp, as well as
the people who work tirelessly to uphold and improve them, form a large part of the basis
of my character, as well as my reasons for writing this thesis. Thank you to Jenn for access
to the camp photos. Thank you to Stu for your friendship. Thank you especially to Ridge
for providing me with the materials upon which the fourth chapter is largely based, as well
as for introducing me to success counseling for the first time when I was ten years old and
badly needed a change of picture. Lanakila will always be home.
Thank you to all of my friends at CMC (particularly the Fish Houses, the Yoodli Squad,
Phillips, the Murty track, OI, Vamos Chicos, and the REC) for your care, good humor, and
patience with me and my various quirks. I love you all, and I hope you know how much
you have helped me grow as a person and an intellectual over the past four years, whether
we met this year, in 2014, or somewhere along the way. I hope I have helped in some small
way for you, too. Thank you especially to Evelyn and Eli, for supporting me through every
bump in the road in the creation of this thesis and in our senior year, for pushing me on my
ideas, and for helping me learn firsthand about the work involved in virtuous love and the
abundance of internal goods that spring from it. I admire and love you both dearly.
Finally, I would like to thank my family. Thank you to my uncle, Rob, for your thoughtful
comments and offer to read my thesis. Thank you to my siblings, John and Katherine, for
being wonderful human beings, whom I look up to so very much. I aspire to your dedication
to hard work, your goofiness, and your thoughtful love. Most of all, thank you to my mother
and father, Elizabeth and David. Since the beginning, you have been my biggest role
models and best teachers. Dad, thank you for always being curious about my thesis, for
pushing me along, for showing me what respectful debate can be, and for giving me the
excellent advice to not be afraid to totally rework a section. Mom, thank you for not taking
my ideas at face value, for asking questions, offering alternative (and usually better)
interpretations, and helping me talk through nuances that I did not understand. Thank you
for always pushing me to always think more deeply, holistically, and compassionately, and
for your unending support. I love you all and am so very fortunate to be a part of this family.
I have learned and will learn so much from you all, every day of my life. Thank you.
Table of Contents
Introduction 8
Chapter 1: Why Mill and Kant Can’t Help Us Flourish 15
I. How Can We Learn to Live Good Lives? 15
II. In the Pursuit of Utility, but Whose? 16
III. Acting from Duty: Possible on the Playground? 25
IV. Beyond Alienation: Finding Reasons to Build Virtuous, Loving Character 35
Chapter 2: Learning to Flourish 40
I. An Ethical Theory not at Odds with Emotions 40
II. How We Flourish: Aristotelian Virtue Ethics and Our Lives 41
III. How We Improve: MacIntyre’s Practices, Narrative Unity, and Traditions 54
IV. Putting it All Together: Annas’ Skill-Building Analogy and Human Flourishing 67
Chapter 3: Virtuous Love and Human Flourishing 79
I. Laying the Groundwork for Love 79
II. Pathological Emotion, Master of Reason, or Neither? 81
III. Connection, Meaning, and the Loving Principle of Charity 85
IV. Loving and Flourishing 95
V. Learning to Love 101
Chapter 4: The School of Virtuous Love 110
I. Making Time for Growth: A Daily Schedule Designed for It 110
II. “We Help Create Fine People”: Setting a Virtuous Course 116
III. Success Counseling: Teaching Virtue through Practices 119
IV. A Culture of Virtuous Love 128
Conclusion: Taking Camp into the World 133
I. A Call to Action 133
II. What Makes Camp Effective? 134
III. Challenging Convenience: A Second Call to Action 138
Appendix 144
Bibliography 147
Introduction
Convenience pervades our modern lives. When we want a book or a pair of noise-
cancelling headphones, we can order them on Amazon, and they will arrive within days at
our doorstep. If we want to get somewhere but do not have a car, we can call a Lyft or an
Uber, and one will be there to whisk us wherever we please. If we are hungry but do not
want to cook, and also do not want to go to a restaurant, DoorDash and UberEats promise
essentially whatever food we want, delivered to our door as quickly as possible. Almost
any song in the world is available via a quick search of whichever music streaming service
we prefer, and more and more, we don’t even have to use our hands to do this, as our
technology understands voice commands. Other forms of entertainment, like television
shows and video games, can be accessed more easily online than ever before. More and
more employers offer remote jobs, where we need never leave our houses or apartments to
go to work. Perhaps most notably, our social lives have been made considerably more
convenient by the advent of social media. When we want to interact, all of our friends are
instantaneously available by way of Facebook, Instagram, and Snapchat. We do not even
need to speak to another person – we can text or dictate and have our phones transcribe for
us what we want to say. If we do not want to interact with other people, we almost never
Introduction 9
have to. In so many words, convenience has entered into our lives further than ever before,
and as a result, those lives are so much easier.
What is more, leisure is much more widely accessible than it has ever been. “What
makes today different [from the past, when there was a distinct leisure class] is the fact that
so much high-quality leisure activity can be accessed by all at low average cost and near-
1
zero marginal cost.” So, there may also be equity benefits to the increase of convenience,
in that it allows people all over the socioeconomic spectrum to access entertainment and
socializing at the touch of a button, or the sound of their voice. More people can add their
voice to political debates, organize for social justice, and meet likeminded people than ever
before. The benefits of convenience are many, and perhaps more equitable than previous
advances have been.
In a recent editorial for the New York Times, Tim Wu mused on the impacts of
convenience on our lives. He wrote about the way that convenience makes choices we
2
might have once considered straightforward and rational seem outlandish. There are many
examples of this: cars have made buggies seem ridiculous; the internet has outmoded the
physical encyclopedia (as well as so many other things); Toys ‘R’ Us recently announced
3
its closing, as Amazon, Walmart, and Target have shown us that we can do all our
shopping (from toys to groceries to clothes) in one place, often online. Convenience has
wholly changed the ways we go about our lives, for better or for worse. Because it has
1
Mokyr, Vickers, and Ziebarth, “The History of Technological Anxiety and the Future of Economic Growth:
Is This Time Different?” 44.
2
Tim Wu, "The Tyranny of Convenience," The New York Times, February 16, 2018, accessed April 18,
2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/16/opinion/sunday/tyranny-convenience.html.
3
Chris Isidore, Jackie Wattles, and Parija Kavilanz, "Toys 'R' Us Will Close or Sell All US Stores,"
CNNMoney, accessed April 20, 2018, http://money.cnn.com/2018/03/14/news/companies/toys-r-us-closing-
stores/index.html.
