introduction to understanding arabesque motifs and ornaments used in the mosque in yazd

17 Pages·2016·3.1 MB·English

The Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art and Communication - TOJDAC August 2016 Special Edition

INTRODUCTION TO UNDERSTANDING ARABESQUE MOTIFS AND
ORNAMENTS USED IN THE MOSQUE IN YAZD

Hamed Hayaty
Preceptor of Department of Architecture, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
[email protected]

Parisa Adibi
Student of Department of Architecture, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
(Graduate Student Islamic Azad Ahvaz)

Parisa Pol
Student of Department of Architecture, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
(Graduate Student Islamic Azad Ahvaz)

ABSTRACT
The most prominent building in the city of Yazd Mosque can be called. The mosque has a lot of
changes throughout history has seen fit your time. In reviewing the mosque, as the Islamic
Dygrbnahay faced with various decorations including scrolls, tile and geometric designs. The overall
goal of this paper is to study and understand the history of decorative motifs used in different parts of
the mosque. According to their importance and analyze the signs and symbols of the painter.
Keywords: Decorating, symbolic motifs mosque in Yazd, Islamic architecture

INTRODUCTION
Decorating has always been one of the pillars of Iranian architecture and its valuation is of particular
importance. Brickwork, stucco, tiles, carvings, wood carvings, mirror work and among the
decorations that have been more or less prevalent in all courses (Behdad, Jafari 1391). Mosque is the
perfect symbol of Persian Islamic architecture and According to Robert Halen brand in Islamic
architecture, the mosque, the architectural heart knows the effects of the mysteries of architecture. The
use of geometric designs symbolic and philosophical in the sense that enhance a sense of unity to the
psychological effect on worshipers in the mosque with complex geometric shapes and repeat
proportions associated with these roles creates a sense of order and harmony Yazd Mosque as one of
the most prominent buildings in the eighth century with beautiful designs using geometric and
arabesque motifs together modulator This is a masterpiece of architecture of the period in Yazd region
which features local architecture (schools of Yazd) and common architectural style of that era's style
is both Azeri (Hosseini, Abargouei 1393).
Questions to be discussed in this article:
What are the motifs referred to or quoted in Yazd Mosque?
What's important motifs and concepts studied in the mosque?
Iranian art motifs decorations can be divided into three parts:
Scrolls geometric decorations and ornamental plants in this research that is descriptive-analytic
method is tried first, a brief history of the Jameh Mosque in Yazd listed and then with library research
and observation, arabesque and decorative features of the mosque is examined and analyze and
compare the characteristics of each segment designs also according to any debate are examples of
related images.
Submit Date: 21.06.2016, Acceptance Date: 23.07.2016, DOI NO: 10.7456/1060AGSE/037 1533
Copyright © The Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art and Communication
The Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art and Communication - TOJDAC August 2016 Special Edition

BACKGROUND RESEARCH
Mosque of Yazd in the center of the old town and the fence, is located all of it, including the
infrastructure that is except of 9800 square meters, the areas decorated with tiles, including scrolls,
etc., about 500 square meters. Mosque length 104 m and width of 99 meters Yazd Mosque has seven
entries with the entry that numerous roads and alleys associated. Great Mosque of Yazd Over the
centuries the building has been built on the remains of variety that in historical texts under the
headings city Friday Mosque, the Old Mosque, the old Friday Mosque, New Mosque Vbnahay its
accession to the various names mentioned (Khademzadeh, 84: 1384).

Figure 1. Three-dimensional image of Yazd Mosque

It seems that in pre-Islamic temples in these places have been set up.The first mosque built with the
chamber at the time of Mrvlys Safari (Gulshan 536: 1378).In the fifth century zahirodinKakouei to
renovate the mosque of Imam Abu Mansur Framrzavlyn (city) that was established in previous
centuries.He AldynamyrAlaArsalan Ali Ibn F. and his wife Khatoon mosque minaret beside staged
early as the ninth century, has been in place.His son, La’alvlhGushtasp (513-488 BC) Ivan domed
mosque with one another and in the West it built near the ancient mosqueZarch coastal canals that are
now current in the courtyard of the mosque and the congregation built a house in western Zl (the
538).Construction halted by the Mongol invasion of Iranand the relative calm in the eighth century
that swept Iran began construction speednew Mosque in the base of 724 or 728 AH in the direction of
the old mosque of SayyidRukn al-Din Muhammad ibn consistency by Din Mohammad bin system
was laid judge HosseiniYazdi.In the Timurid era in the ninth century mosque were many changes and
extensions.In the year 809 AH Khwaja Jalal al-Din al-Khwarizmi, coastal dome of the mosque and
the house was completely tiled. In 819 AH King Kermani system to the new building was finished
Vkashykary mosque inscription Bahaa Adin thousand horse (Al Fatah) Brshn the mosquethe only part
of the inscription remains on both sides of the porch.(Khademzadeh 85: 1384).In the reign of Mr.
Jamal al-Din Muhammad, known as the Elder J. BrtaqShahtahmasebi main Srdrgah added two
minarets above the cupola of the dome Vqbh completed Mqsvrh (Afshar 120: 1374). Afsharieh during
the construction of the mosque is no news of actions.But the Zand era inscription dated 1172 AH in
Kryas east side of the mosque is that it Vfqnamh of the old mosque is closed(Khademzadeh 86:
Submit Date: 21.06.2016, Acceptance Date: 23.07.2016, DOI NO: 10.7456/1060AGSE/037 1534
Copyright © The Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art and Communication
The Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art and Communication - TOJDAC August 2016 Special Edition

1384).In the Qajar era mosque demolition and renovation range in the series occurred.It measures the
reign of Shah Mohammad Vali Mirza in Yazd occurred in the reign of Fath Ali Shah Qajarand

Figure 2 Asly.makhz entrance of eight-pointed stars: Hussein,93:35.
CONSTRUCTION BEGAN
in 1240. In 1236 he finished (Ibid: 87).Last possessions and restoration of their outstanding
appearance and reality mosquerelated to actions by the supporters of the Great Mosque began in 1324
solaractually, this action Haj Seyed Ali Mohammad minister and stimulus of Clergymen in
Yazd(Afshar, 122: 1374).

In connection with the Iranian Islamic architecture and decorate it been written books and numerous
articles.Including books by IrajAfshar Yazd mementos that in the second volume, the first part of the
great mosques of Yazd is famousas well as articles including: Chemical analysis of the symbolic
aspects of the ornaments mosque in Yazd, written by Dr. Seyed Hashem HosseiniVhsyn strong cloud
janitorial published in the journal of scientific theory,a comparative study of two mosque Tile designs
Chaharbagh School and the writings of S. doctor Cyrus Momeni, research in plaster finish bottom of
the brick mosque in Yazd approach by Hamid Behdad and BehnamJalaliJafariand other similar
articles that are written on the mosque in Yazd and has been used in this study.Now look at the scrolls
and other decorations in the mosque there:
SCROLLS
All Iranian art are closely linked together, and they all expressed a common cultural spirit.Islamic
calligraphy art large-scale geometric shape accuracy Byangrsh, led the other arts, the discipline in the
team.It is an integral part of the lives of Iranian poetry and philosophy with spiritual light makes all
cultural expression and belief.There is a similarity between Poetry and visual motifs.Rhyme and
rhythm, intensity and gentle words and songs, wonderful and just completed a long list of headlines,
features that can be in any art like them to see.Great art of calligraphy in Iran, such as the Far East and
of course the first place.Arabic alphabet that is more decorative aspects of all lines, with a lot of
enthusiasm and interest found,with enthusiasm and great interest was developed and Iranians promote
it and bring out the astonishing variety of shapes,The architects masterfully combines them in each
episode, Azbnay mosque used, as the meaning of the word was God.
These scrolls may be a bunch of long letters,enough to fill an entire wall,inscriptions copies to tiny
devices hidden in a spray Mogharnas.By combining them with each other decorative geometric
designs hidden role in the victory in the medal or decoration are great.
This post strong authentication has made Aymayat whisper.When reading one of these lines of
various other types of reader fails,But worship is not something that accelerates gradually makes its
appearance,so that reflections due to conv seems that all the divine message tells the scrolls.
In addition to verbal communication master calligrapher, had an emotional person with a particularly
linking, is born out of the abstract line.
Submit Date: 21.06.2016, Acceptance Date: 23.07.2016, DOI NO: 10.7456/1060AGSE/037 1535
Copyright © The Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art and Communication
The Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art and Communication - TOJDAC August 2016 Special Edition

1- inscriptions eastern entrance (main) on the forehead is the new tiled include:
1.1. Name of God Anna FthnaFthaMobinaLak ......Bell Canada's KhbyraTmlvn us.
Truthful Allah al-Azim (to within forty-five inches) in the main port of the third line of tile and white
on a blue background.
2.1. The name of Allah the Exalted fireproof per Beaute permission Trf and Yzkr therein the name
Ysbh therein crush us LghdValasal (Eleanor / 36)in the forehead and Kufic inscription dated 1370 AH
the old Kufic script was created.
3.1 Chapter Friday the third line and forty-five centimeters wide that our environment is Mogharnas
vault.
Sura margin between the two.Anna FthnaVsvrh Friday from top to bottom seven pieces arcades Vogel
is up and the middle piece Engraving "La ilaha Allah Muhammad Ali but Allah indeed scandalous
truth" is.
Scrolls to the eastern parts of the half-arch Rqth you are:
4.1 Shamse of the mosaic inscription on six sides (both sides Tuesday Shamse) and line Vmvrkh of
891 copies each fifty centimeters in diameter Stvdr called them following lines:
The point of view of beauty and glory / Sports embodies the traits of perfection
Always crowded slum of God / heaven Court of Justice Kebria
Hajat prayer for people who are sure / backrest master state religion
Kaaba before Truthfully / ends of arch mosque us
However Arches and porch and the porch of What / Who is to know Kandryn home
To relish the mud ornament / founder of Dell's grace upon grace
5-1-inscription third line width of 819 Vmvrkh fifty centimeters Testament Shah Rukh Khan Bahadur
Shah mosaic tiles and the efforts Kermani system installed and the text reads:
"Height Albna’almzm per day prophet, however Monkey King) Adam Zell's whole world of
competitive products per midland Bavzh specific argument Haq Bahadur Khan Shah
RukhValsltnhDunya parents Khldallh.Glorified fi durable Alzvalaqbal Queen VkhlafthVsltanh truth
Muhammad Ali ibnAbiTalib, peace be upon him Messiah Vale AltybynAltahrynVshrVsmanayhTsh
per year. "
6.1. Other inscriptions in the previous inscription placed above the Weber Building and Kufic
turquoise colors VsfydastAnd when he had shed its old scrolls and the election of Mr. Seyed
Mohammad TaghiMostafavi following bits are repeated three times in the inscription:
Hi Kalaf prophet Mohammad / Hi Kalaf Allah (sic)
7-1-text scrolls third line of Mohammad Hakim (the other inscriptions of the mosque Mir flint are in
the Eastern time) on the same side of Vmtsl to the following:
"Btvfyq Allah grant him long life Poly however Amara Alkhlaq new Almtaly Sultan Azam gas per
time SltnhExtensions Almta Sultans Sultan Al molar binding AladlAlvajb Arab kings ValjmNasra al-
Muzaffar Sultan JahanHaqValkhlafhValdnya Abbey parents Khldallh Excellence Queen VsltanhLfraz
Ali El AlameinAzam Amir Ehsan Malik Akram Hakim al-Adel arguments favor AazmAlamra’
Valhkam Al-MusharrafBzyarh Allah's Sacred House of God BnayhMuayyed al-Dawla al-akbar
parents Aljajqnbr per Dhu al-Hijjah of the year 861 Ktbh Mohammad al-Hakim. "
Submit Date: 21.06.2016, Acceptance Date: 23.07.2016, DOI NO: 10.7456/1060AGSE/037 1536
Copyright © The Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art and Communication
The Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art and Communication - TOJDAC August 2016 Special Edition

8-1-in the port Mogharnas ten AsmazAsma’bray excellence in Shamse of the tile it 's a new and
rapidly ShamseHvallh least another chapter to the complex chain of copies to be seen, as well as
(Allhmhmd Ali) in Kufic.
9-1-inscription on the medallion and over twelve Imam Ali MahmoudiDerbenaskhi action Mehrizi
architect and historian of the lunar year 1365 is in VmnarHarahdhDarbvdh.
10-1-look at both sides of the niche or arcades to the altar there is mosaic tile that Srasrazand inside
each square with lines Kofi seen three goals Babarat Alhamdulillah (four) al-Allah (four), Allah Molk
(four) and two parties to the potential role of Allah (on the right) Valz·h Allah (on the left).
11-1-on the sides of both sides of the niche named Mohammad Ali in Kufic among the flowers and
bushes Decorative mosaic tile is repeated.
12-1-over the two Shamse very nice niche with mosaic tiles is that they are in Kufic "Yasltan or
Glory" is repeated.
13-1-in period in the view of the altar: "The al-RahmaAlzyfAlmhtaj to Allah ...... (name deleted) Ben
Mahmoud Haji Taj al-Din KdvkAlbta’" (Afshar 127: 1374).

Figure 3.srdr Asly.makhz: Gallery of Architecture and Interior Design

2. atrium (Kryas) - the main altar
1-2-in the under-roof blue-line inscription dated 777 copies Brgch is good, but unfortunately it has
come to abrasion and damage Yazd Amir Shams al-Din Muhammad, according to the new record
after the inscription records the building atrium.
Neyshabur is an ode Ktbh text of Hassan speaker informed that the first line of the "HP Kaltaf HP
Almmjd And writing on it" ....Thryrafy Lupine year and Sabin and SbmayhHjryhAlnbvyh. "(Afshar
129: 1374).
Submit Date: 21.06.2016, Acceptance Date: 23.07.2016, DOI NO: 10.7456/1060AGSE/037 1537
Copyright © The Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art and Communication
The Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art and Communication - TOJDAC August 2016 Special Edition

The main altar or sanctuary in a dome home, decorated with mosaic tile and brick inscriptions and
percussionist and two star-shaped tiles appointed in the name of the craftsman and construction on the
altar is closed.
In the sanctuary of the mosque, part of a small tile in the shape of the planet and of all colors used in
the tiles of the mosque was used. (Dehghanbanadaki, 1387 Mehr news agency).

Figure 4: Inscriptions and decoration of the altar in the form of tiles Mrq.makhz: Gallery of Architecture
and Interior Design

Figure 5.Atrium (Kryas) .makhz: Gallery of Architecture and Interior Design

3-Manar
The Manar the mosque at the behest Qajmal Jamal al-Din Muhammad is known to most at the
Ministry of Yazd he was held responsible Tahmasp and was rebuilt in 1313. Cal of the Earth's surface
is approximately fifty meters tall minarets of the local environment to which they are Drkafy eight
meters. Names of Allah and the Quran body and sticky tiles has been in that role, as follows:
1-3- "In the name of God Almighty AlzyEsriBbdh ....
"Ho AlsmyBasir."(Between Israel) to the third line below the shelf.
Submit Date: 21.06.2016, Acceptance Date: 23.07.2016, DOI NO: 10.7456/1060AGSE/037 1538
Copyright © The Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art and Communication
The Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art and Communication - TOJDAC August 2016 Special Edition

2.3 "bath Ykad" Kufic and blue tiles on white background.
3.3 In the context of Minar Muhammad Ali Kufi repeated.
4-3 in the bottom of the "Name of God" in Kufi "
5.3 The-shelf "Allahu Akbar Allah much" in the third line is repeated.
One of the minarets are two ways that one way to climb and to come back the other way. (Ibid. 144)

Figure 5.The high altar globular Source: Hosseini,93:38.
4. bedchambers
East Nave (toe) in 777 on the orders of Shah Yahya Mozaffari. In the upper part of the sanctuary have
made it work Vmqrns Azgch. On the altar eight pieces of mosaic tiles (size 30 x 35 cm) rectangle at
the lower edge of the mosaic tiles to size 58 * 108 installed the role of the diaper Vbart "God
VhvFsykfykhmAlsmyAllym" complex and very beautiful for the decorations and combined.
Thirty-eight meters length and width of Western yard is nine meters high and the windows network
and King emirates plinth is made of tiles Timurid era.The bedchamber was built during the reign of
Amir Ghias, according to Mr. Seyed Ali Mohammad minister until recently called "Ghyasyh" is
known.
Submit Date: 21.06.2016, Acceptance Date: 23.07.2016, DOI NO: 10.7456/1060AGSE/037 1539
Copyright © The Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art and Communication
The Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art and Communication - TOJDAC August 2016 Special Edition

F igure 7.Star-shaped ornaments under the roof of the atrium leading to the dome, Source: same

Prince yard length to width twenty cubits thirty-seven Western King in the North Courtyard by Prince
Mohammed, but Mirza was built in 1240 Lunar .daray forty-eight columns (ibid., 146).

Figure 8.Western yard, Source: Gallery of Architecture and Interior Design

Submit Date: 21.06.2016, Acceptance Date: 23.07.2016, DOI NO: 10.7456/1060AGSE/037 1540
Copyright © The Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art and Communication
The Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art and Communication - TOJDAC August 2016 Special Edition

Figure 9.Prince yard, Source: Gallery of Architecture and Interior Design
5-Ivan Home
Ivan's length thirty meter and width from the beginning to the altar fourteen meters.
The works are part of the mosque can be seen from the outside to the inside is:
1-5 inscription in the mosaic tiles and the line manuscript vault, twelve Imams.
2-5 in the top of the columns of the entrance two sides square Kufic script and the words "ol Allah" is
installed.
3-5-tile mosaic inscription manuscript line on top of the column with the words:
Right hand, "Faye Sultan Bahadur Shah ZemanAlstlanAlazm parents Khld certain ValkhlafhHaq
Allah Tlay Queen Vsltnh Fi Al-Alam".
Left hand "La’almbanyAmrtbaTvfyqa grace of Allah AlhamyChqmaq together with Amir Rasul
Fatima bint al-Shami Smyth AlbtvlFtqblha receptive Hassan per city (sic) the year 0836".
4-5-The following columns on both sides of the porch of stone Mrmrst And on each line versions of
"Jlvabalslvh before Alamut" is engraved.
5-5-since the beginning of the curved roof patio door from the right side of the inscription good
repealed the chapter "Fatah" and in the yard away from the start and all was right-hand side.But the
rest of the yard is not something from the "lemma directly latter" to "YjbAlzra" that leads to the
opposite side.
This book is, so that in this new date is recorded Yazd is Karbha’aldynHzarsp that the Calligraphy
manuscript of his time. In particular, he mentioned that more useful information to briefly quote:
"Maulana his holy age at the time of Eighty aggressors Bvd.thdNmvd.dr effect that night in a dream
world to serve the majority of the prophets ....he ordered him to write his last overlooking BOOK
sudden weakness within sight Vrshh hand carved pen to pen in his hand he found compassion income
Frmvdnd.chvn sleep ... "
Submit Date: 21.06.2016, Acceptance Date: 23.07.2016, DOI NO: 10.7456/1060AGSE/037 1541
Copyright © The Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art and Communication
The Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art and Communication - TOJDAC August 2016 Special Edition

6-5-over porch roof to Kufi inscription are the names of God in the form of imitation and plaid.
7-5-The remarkable Vhnrmndanh the general tide of two pieces of mosaic tiling mingle with brick
percussionist with the flowers on the altar also used Vbth that look alike (Afshar, 147: 1374).

Figure 10.Calligraphic manuscripts of verse 20 of Surah Fatah, the effect of
BahaHezarAsb Source: Gallery of Architecture and Interior Design

Figure 11.Mirza Vali Muhammad porch, porch Ghiyasuddin, source: Wikipedia Shi

6-Dome
1-6-in the vault of the dome and connected to warping of the chapter Alasry inscription is in line
versions.
2-6- soffit Kufi and turquoise tiles Allahu Akbar repeated.
3.6 In Mogharnas "Muhammad", "Ali" is repeated.
Submit Date: 21.06.2016, Acceptance Date: 23.07.2016, DOI NO: 10.7456/1060AGSE/037 1542
Copyright © The Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art and Communication