Table Of ContentINNOVATION IN LIFE CYCLE ENGINEERING
AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
y
t
i
s
r
e
v
i
n
U
g
n
i
p
o
k
n
o
J
Innovation in Life Cycle Engineering
and Sustainable Development
Edited by
DANIELBRISSAUD
Université de Grenoble, France
SERGE TICHKIEWITCH y
t
Université de Grenoble, France i
s
r
e
and
v
i
n
PEGGY ZWOLINSKI
U
Université de Grenoble, France
g
n
i
p
o
k
n
o
J
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN-10 1-4020-4601-4 (HB)
ISBN-13 978-1-4020-4601-8 (HB)
ISBN-10 1-4020-4617-0 ( e-book)
ISBN-13 978-1-4020-4617-9 (e-book)
Published by Springer, y
P.O. Box 17, 3300 AADordrecht, The Netherlands. t
i
s
www.springer.com r
e
v
i
n
U
g
n
i
p
Printed on acid-free paper o
k
n
o
J
All Rights Reserved
© 2006 Springer
No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording
or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception
of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered
and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work.
Printed in the Netherlands.
Contents
Introduction to Innovation in Life Cycle Engineering and Sustainable
Development by D. Brissaud, S. Tichkiewitch and P. Zwolinski..............ix
Integrated Design Centre ,3S Laboratory, University
of Grenoble, France...................................................................................xi
Eco-development of products and sustainable manufacturing strategies:
The key interests of the Integrated Design Centre by D. Brissaud
and P. Zwolinski.....................................................................................xiii
y
t
i
s
Business Models r
e
v
Feasibility and scope of life cycle approaches
i
n
to sustainable consumption
U
E.G. Hertwich and G.P. Peters...................................................................3
g
A business-oriented approach to the product life cycle
n
G. Molcho and M. Shpitalni......................................................................17
i
p
Meeting the Climate Change Cohallenge
C. Rynikiewicz........................k...................................................................33
n
Assessing product life cycloe strategies in the Japanese market
Y. Ogushi, M. Kandlikar Jand H. Dowlatabadi.........................................49
Applications of service engineering methods and tool to industries
T. Sakao, Y. Shimomura, M. Lindahl and E. Sundin.................................65
End-of-Life Strategies
Towards self-disassembling products
J.R. Duflou, B. Willems and W. Dewulf....................................................87
Indicators to measure sustainability of an industrial manufacturing
E. Raizer Neto, M.T.Mariotte and R.T.P.Hinz........................................111
vi Contents
Concepts and definitions for product recovery
M. Lindahl, E. Sundin, J. Östlin and M. Björkman.................................123
Remanufacturing of flat screen monitors
C. Franke, S. Kernbaum and G. Seliger.................................................139
Improving product recovery decisions through product information
A.K. Parlikad, D.C. McFarlane and A.G. Kulkarni...............................153
Photocopier remanufacturing at Xerox UK
A. King, J. Miemczyk and D. Bufton.......................................................173
Dynamic process and operation planning for hybrid disassembly
H.-J. Kim.................................................................................................187
y
Clean technologies for recycling
t
H.V. de Medina.................................................i......................................199
s
r
Identifying availability contribution of lifecyecle-adapted services
J. Fleischer and D. Nesges........................v.............................................209
i
n
U
Product Development for S ustainability
g
n
Designing products that are never discarded
i
P. Zwolinski and D. Brissaud....p.............................................................225
o
Guidelines in ecodesign: a cakse study from railway industry
J. Lagerstedt and C. Luttropnp.................................................................245
o
Identifying and assessingJ environmentally benign modules
M. Voß and H. Birkhofe r........................................................................255
Strategies and material flow in ecodesign
C. Luttropp..............................................................................................271
Screening life cycle modelling for sustainable product design
M. Fargnoli and F. Kimura....................................................................281
Using design for environment for redesigning a household appliance
S. Kara, H. Kaebernick and S. Ibbotson.................................................293
Modular design of technical product-service systems
J.C. Aurich, C. Fuchs and C. Wagenknecht...........................................303
Contents vii
Estimating the environmental profile of early design concepts
W. Dewulf, B. Willems and J.R. Duflou..................................................321
Product Life Cycle Management
Design for environment by target life cycle costing
D. Janz, M. Hornberger and E. Westkämper.........................................337
PLM to support hazard identification in chemical plant design
F. Giannini, M. Monti, S. Ansaldi and P. Bragatto................................349
Smart machining systems: issues and research trends
L. Deshayes, L. Welsch, A. Donmez, R. Ivester, D. Gilsinn,
R. Rhorer, E. Whitenton and F. Potra..................y..................................363
t
i
Development of methods to support the implemsentation of a PDMS
r
J. Feldhusen, B. Gebhardt, N. Macke, E. Nurcahya and F. Bungert......381
e
v
The role of knowledge management in product lifecycle
i
n
G. Colombo and D. Pugliese..................................................................397
U
A product-process-organisation integ rative model
g
for collaborative design
n
F. Noël.........................................i...........................................................407
p
o
Dynamic life cycle performance simulation of production systems
k
J. Niemann and E. Westkämper..............................................................419
n
o
LC universal model for the enterprise information system structure
J
A. Bernard, M. Labrousse and N. Perry.................................................429
Authors index..........................................................................................447
Introduction to
Innovation in Life Cycle Engineering
and Sustainable Development
This book presents a selection of papers related to the 12th CIRP Interna-
tional conference on Life Cycle Engineering, yheld at the university of
Grenoble, France, in April 2005. The CIRP Ltife Cycle Engineering con-
i
s
ference is an annual event and contributes to a continuous updating of re-
r
search in the field of environmental issues ein mechanical engineering, de-
sign and manufacturing. v
i
n
The scientific committee members of Uthe conference have selected all the
lectures from complete papers, which is the guarantee for the conference
of quite an outstanding scientific levgel. After that, a new selection has been
n
carried out to retain the best publications, which establish in a book, a
i
state-of-the-art analysis as regaprds Innovation in Life Cycle Engineering
and Sustainable Development.o The 30 papers in the book, were selected
from the 71 papers presented kduring the conference.
n
o
Sustainable development is more and more at the core of governments and
J
industries policy. Industrial production and consumption culture are facing
dramatic changes due to pollution and waste problems, exhaustion of
available non-renewable resources and rapid growth in world population.
So, the environmental focus has shifted from production processes to the
product's entire life cycle. The potential of technology to create synergies
between environmental protection and economic growth has been recog-
nized. Life cycle engineering aims at providing engineering tools targeted
towards cleaner product-oriented activities for improving the environment
while contributing to competitiveness and growth.
It is within this context that the following themes were highlighted during
the conference:
ix
x Introduction
(cid:120)(cid:3) Business models,
which aims at determining how efficient can be a life cycle strategy from
different point of view (customer, policy, environment, economics,…).
(cid:120)(cid:3) End of life strategies,
presenting recent approaches and technological solutions for end-of life
treatments.
(cid:120)(cid:3) Product development for sustainability,
which aims at showing how designers integrate environmental considera-
tions to improve their solutions.
(cid:120)(cid:3) Product life cycle management,
dealing with methods and tools to support life cycle considerations.
y
This book is divided into four sections reflecting the above themes and
t
will be of interest to academics, students and ipractitioners, specializing in
s
environmental issues in mechanical enginerering. We hope that you will
e
find it of the greatest interest to compare your various points of view
v
within the field broached throughout the conference. We hope you all en-
i
joy reading this book, which aims to bne a reference textbook for all re-
U
searchers in this particular field and for the teaching staff confronted with
training methodologies in integrated design and environment. It will allow
g
you to assess the scope of the development prospects in an extremely wide
n
ranging field.
i
p
o
Finally, we would like to highlight the very significant input of the mem-
k
bers of the organizing committee for the success of the conference and to
n
express our sincere apprecoiation to all the authors and to the members of
the international programJ committee.
Daniel Brissaud
Serge Tichkiewitch
Peggy Zwolinski
Integrated Design Centre
3S Laboratory University of Grenoble, France
The Integrated Design Centre is part of the 3S Research Laboratory
sponsored by the technological university of Grenoble (INPG), the scien-
tific university of Grenoble (UJF) and the National Centre for the Scien-
tific Research (CNRS).
Objectives
For more than ten years, the activity of the Integrated Design Centre has
focused on the improvement of engineering design and on the develop-
y
ment of mechanical products/systems. New models, methods and com-
t
puter tools dedicated to Integrated Design intos ia context of Concurrent En-
gineering have been developed. This aimrs at contributing to a better
e
understanding of engineering design and to an improvement of the per-
v
formance of design considered as a collective activity and a complex proc-
i
n
ess. As seen by the research team, Design is a collaborative and distributed
U
activity, that covers the whole product life cycle. It incorporates analysis as
well as synthesis activities. Such a co ntext involves ‘skilled actors’ having
g
points of view, knowledge and tools, interactions with an organization,
n
shared knowledge, decision-making processes, as well as technologies for
i
p
cooperation activities, for the multi-representation and for shape genera-
o
tion of a product. The main topics are the product-process integration and
k
the integration of downstream activities within the design process (manu-
n
facturing, assembly, recycling, etc.), CAD and geometric modelling, de-
o
sign methodologies and collaborative engineering involving new IT tech-
J
nologies. Research is c arried out strongly connected to other disciplines
(i.e. industrial sociology, cognitive ergonomics, computer sciences, ap-
plied mathematics, etc.).
3 main research directions
Methodologies for Integrated Design, Collaborative Engineering, Inno-
vation. This research axis is based on observations conducted on real de-
sign processes. On-site studies in companies, experiments about the design
activity to set up methodologies for analysing the design process are real-
ised. They lead to methods for incorporating innovative solutions in a de-
sign process and they help for the management of the concept of value
throughout the design process. Software tools and models for defining the
product model and an integrated design environment for multi-actors: net-
work-based, plug and play approaches, are proposed. Some experiments
xi
xii Integrated Design Center
are conducted to characterized synchronous and asynchronous tasks
among distant or co-located designers. Concepts for providing common
work environments between designers having different skills are proposed.
Experiments for the evaluation of software tools used in a collaborative
context help to validate these concepts.
Product-process integration in design. This second research direction
focuses on the formalization of knowledge and on methods related to proc-
ess and production skills in mechanical design. The different explored
fields are manufacturing processes (forging, assembly, machining, process
planning, aluminium extrusion, composite materials), end of life processes
(disassembly, recycling, re-use), tolerancing. Models for the dynamic be-
haviour of a machining system to improve the design process, to set up
new technologies for the drilling process are examples of detailed contri-
butions whereas concepts of product-process co-development, of product
y
life cycle address a global level of the designt process. Development of
i
software demonstrators for product-process instegration are realized to help
the validation of the proposed approaches. r
e
Digital Mock-ups for Integrated Desigvn. This direction is necessary to
i
provide methods for performing shapen changes with a digital product
models. Geometry simplification, adaUptation for design and downstream
processes, design data adaptation an d idealization for mechanical simula-
g
tions, free-form shape parameterisation and deformation, shape optimisa-
n
tion, surface mesh generation and adaptation are examples of researches to
i
produce such mock-ups. Methodps for knowledge, know-how and services
management around digital moock-ups are also addressed through the capi-
talization, re-use of models ckoncerning mechanical analyses of the prod-
n
ucts. Thus, new concepts for the use of digital mock-ups in design can be
o
evaluated through the development of software demonstrators and libraries
J
for digital mock-ups of products.
The whole team in April 2005. Prof. Daniel Brissaud, Prof. Jean-Claude Léon,
Dr. Jean-Luc Marcellin, Dr. Philippe M Marin, Dr. Philippe R Marin, Mrs Fadila
Messaoud, Dr. Peter Mitrouchev, Dr. Gabriel Moreau, Dr. Frédéric Noel, Dr.
Henri Paris, Dr. Frank Pourroy, Dr. Guy Prudhomme, Dr. Guillaume Thomann,
Prof. Serge Tichkiewitch, Prof. François Villeneuve, Dr. Peggy Zwolinski.
Sabeur Bettaieb, Cyrille Beylier, Vincent Capponi, Vincent Cheutet, Alexan-
dre Ciclet, Lidia Dejeu, Guillaume Drieux, Rosalinda Ferrandes, Gilles Foucault,
Alexis Gehin, Okba Hamri, Nizar Haoues, Denis Lovinfosse, El-Hadi Mechekour,
Chaiwat Noomtong, Kusol Pimapunsri, Bruno Radulescu, Vincent Riboulet, Ger-
man Ruiz, Aurélie Vacher, Frédéric Vignat, Omar Zirmi, Said Zirmi.
